微生物煤炭脱硫的初步研究

硫杆菌(氧化亚铁硫杆菌和氧化硫硫杆菌)在煤炭脱硫过程中起着重要的作用。实验结果表明煤浆中只需添加少量的无机盐即可满足微生物正常生长的需要,在已确定的最佳操作条件下,氧化亚铁硫杆菌脱除无机硫效果明显,10d时间可脱除68.5％的无机硫。且硫杆菌混和共同作用脱硫效果更好,10d内可脱除77.1％的无机硫。微生物煤炭脱硫与培养液[SO_4~-]变化有一定的相关性。     

氧化亚铁硫杆菌筛选及对矿区煤矸石脱硫影响

从宁夏大武口高硫煤矸石山的酸性废水中筛选分离得到一株自养硫细菌，形态生理生化试验确定菌株T．f为氧化亚铁硫杆菌。应用该菌进行煤矸石的脱硫实验，溶液中的铁离子浓度呈现波状动态变化。在煤矸石粒径小于2mm，初始pH为1．5时，14d时硫酸根浓度增加7．5g／L，脱硫量为2．72g／L，脱硫率可达77.6％。该项目为改良煤矿矸石山废弃基质奠定了良好的条件，也为煤矿废弃物矸石山的生物脱硫以及生态恢复提供技术支持。     

土著微生物对尾矿中重金属的淋滤研究

生物淋滤对尾矿的重金属污染处理的效果已经得到了广泛的认可.在对酸性尾矿中的土著氧化硫硫杆菌以及氧化亚铁硫杆菌进行分离以及加富培养的基础上,分别运用单一菌种以及混合菌种对尾矿样本进行淋滤处理.通过12 d的淋滤实验,实验室结果表明,分离出的氧化亚铁硫杆菌以及氧化硫硫杆菌等土著微生物具有较高的利用价值.同时实验表明,在采用...     

混合培养中几株真菌对氧化硫硫杆菌生长和硫的氧化的影响

氧化硫硫杆菌与几株真菌(红酵母、青霉和曲霉)混合培养可以促进氧化硫硫杆菌的生长,尤其在生长早期,缩短了延迟生长期,增加了细胞得率,加速了硫的氧化速度。0.2mM丙酮酸对于氧化硫硫杆菌具有明显的抑制作用,但在混合培养条件下,由于丙酮酸被异养真菌所利用,因而不同程度地解除了对氧化硫硫杆菌的抑制作用。     

鼠李糖脂对生物淋滤除制革污泥中铬的影响

通过接种经生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂驯化培养的制革污泥土著混合硫杆菌,研究不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对制革污泥中Cr溶出效果的影响;同时探讨不同浓度的鼠李糖脂对混合硫杆菌氧化硫能力影响。结果表明,投加0.5~1 g/L鼠李糖脂能促进混合硫杆菌氧化元素硫;并随着投加量的增加,元素硫的氧化率提高。在制革污泥生物淋滤中,鼠李糖脂最佳投加量是1.0 g/L,经过12 d的淋滤,镉的溶出率达到83.98%;而对照组Cr的溶出率为60.14%。     

氧化硫硫杆菌的选育及其脱硫性能研究

在自然资源的开采与工业应用等许多生产过程中,产生大量的硫化物,对生态环境和人类活动造成了严重的影响.采用微生物的方法,进行氧化硫硫杆菌的选育,并对筛选得到的菌株进行鉴定和脱硫性能研究.实验结果表明,该菌落平板上呈圆形,30℃恒温培养48h,大小为1mm,边缘整齐、表面光滑、有光泽、淡黄色、透明、质地粘稠;在显微镜下观察该菌体形态呈杆状,革兰氏染色为红色即呈阴性,菌体大小0.5×(1.0～2.0)μm,具有单根极生鞭毛,无芽孢,无荚膜,适合生长温度为30%,最适pH值为5.5～7.5.该菌株对硫化物有较高的去除率,除去化学氧化的影响,生物脱S2-率最高达到74.62%,不同的温度、pH、盐度、接种量、溶解氧时其去除率有明显的影响.该课题从实验上论证硫化物生物氧化的可行性和广阔前景,为进一步认识氧化硫硫杆菌提供了实验基础,并且为进一步研究硫化物最大程度向单质硫转化工艺,实现有益资源回收创造了条件.     

某铀矿石微生物浸出性能及影响因素研究

为评估微生物浸出某铀矿石的应用前景,设计正交实验,在不同初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比条件下,分别开展了嗜铁钩端螺旋菌、嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌浸出某铀矿石的研究。三株微生物对某铀矿石的最高浸出率均高于97%。浸出过程中,微生物浸出体系的pH值均呈下降趋势,Eh值均呈上升趋势。初始pH值、接种量、浸出时间和固液比四个因素对三株微生物的浸出均有影响,但对不同微生物浸铀的影响存在区别。影响嗜铁钩端螺旋菌浸出的主要因素是接种量,而嗜酸氧化亚铁硫杆菌和嗜酸喜温硫杆菌的浸出主要受初始pH值的影响。     

微生物浮选法脱除煤中硫的研究

煤炭的微生物脱硫技术优点很多,如成本较低、能耗较低、脱硫的过程相对简单,反应条件也比较温和、对环境无破坏作用等。本文是利用微生物混合菌群对煤炭进行脱硫工作,探究各种因素对脱硫效果的影响,寻求最佳的实验条件。菌种是从阜新海州矿附近土壤中筛出的硫杆菌,将此菌与浮选技术相结合,对重庆市松藻煤矿的高硫煤进行脱硫研究。在实验中,分别研究了菌液浓度、菌液浸泡时间以及煤样质量对于煤样脱硫和脱灰效果的影响。实验结果表明:煤炭质量在80 g,菌液加入量在150 m L,菌液浸泡时间在60 min时,脱硫效果最佳,全硫脱除率为46.12%。     

表面活性剂对嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌浸磷的影响

在用硫杆菌氧化还原态硫产生硫酸来浸出磷矿的过程中,采用加入不同吐温类表面活性剂的方法,促进细菌与矿物的作用,提高浸磷率。通过测量浸矿溶液的pH值及菌浓度以及磷的浸出率来评价表面活性剂对嗜酸氧化硫硫杆菌浸磷效果的影响。研究结果表明:吐温20、吐温60和吐温80都可以使浸矿效果得到改善,其最佳用量分别为10,10和100g/m3;吐温60的效果最佳,当其用量为10g/m3时磷的浸出率比原来提高约15％。     

烟气脱硫细菌的筛选、培养及性能研究

采用化工厂脱硫装置排水沟底泥作菌种 ,从中筛选培养出氧化硫硫杆菌 LZT-6。经实验确定 ,在 2 8℃ ,底物质量浓度为 2 0 mg/ L ,p H值为 3.5 ,培养时间为 8d的条件下 ,该菌对硫化物的降解率达到 49.5 %。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.