F~-离子和Ti~(4+)离子在CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系玻璃晶化时的作用

在ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２（ＣＡＳ）系玻璃中单独引入Ｆ－离子或Ｔｉ４＋离子,以及同时引入Ｆ－离子和Ｔｉ４＋离子,通过ＤＴＡ（差热分析）、ＸＲＤ（Ｘ－射线衍射）、Ｒａｍａｎ、ＸＰＳ（光电子能谱）和ＳＥＭ（扫描电镜）方法进行了研究。结果表明在ＣＡＳ系玻璃中一部分Ｆ－离子取代非桥氧离子处于玻璃网络内部,另一部分Ｆ－离子处于玻璃网络间隙,Ｆ－离子能促使ＣＡＳ系玻璃分相,在稍高于Ｔｇ的某一温度热处理时,ＣａＦ２晶体首先从玻璃中析出;Ｔｉ４＋离子对玻璃晶化影响不大,在稍高于Ｔｇ的某一温度热处理时,加Ｔｉ４＋离子和不加Ｔｉ４＋离子的玻璃首先析出的晶相均是钙长石（ＣａＡｌ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ８）;在ＣＡＳ系玻璃中同时引入Ｆ－离和Ｔｉ４＋离子时,在稍高于Ｔｇ的某一温度热处理后首先析出的晶体是ＣａＦ２和钙长石（ＣａＡｌ２Ｓｉ２Ｏ８）,Ｆ－离子和Ｔｉ４＋离子混合使用能更好地促进ＣＡＳ系玻璃的晶化。     

TiO_2对CaO－P_2O_5－Al_2O_3－SiO_2玻璃析晶动力学的影响

通过对玻璃的稳定性参数△Ｔ、Ｈ＇、析晶激活能Ｅ等参量的考察，研究了ＴｉＯ２对ＣａＯ－Ｐ２Ｏ５－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系玻璃析晶动力学的影响．结果表明：ＴｉＯ２的引入能显著降低本系统玻璃的稳定性，减少析晶激活能，并能提高玻璃的析晶数量．     

Cr_2O_3对PbO—Bi_2O_3—B_2O_3玻璃颜色及析晶性能的影响

本文讨论了ＰｂＯ—Ｂｉ２Ｏ３—Ｂ２Ｏ３玻璃中引入少量Ｃｒ２Ｏ３对玻璃的颜色及析晶性能的影响。在ＰｂＯ—Ｂｉ２Ｏ３—Ｂ２Ｏ３玻璃的配合料引入０．０１—２（ｗｔ％）的Ｃｒ２Ｏ３随着Ｃｒ２Ｏ３含量的变化，玻璃颜色从橙黄、橙红到深红变化，直至析晶、失透。当Ｃｒ２Ｏ３引入量在０．２５～０．５（ｗｔ％）时，适当控制热处理条件，可得到含有粗大晶体的红色玻璃，ＥＤＳ测试表明，析出矿物的化学组成为Ａｌ和Ｋ，其原子比为１：１。     

CaO-Al2O3-SiO2系烧结微晶玻璃的结晶过程

为控制微晶玻璃中晶体的数量、晶粒尺寸和形貌,采用Ｘ射线方法测定了ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３ －ＳｉＯ２ 系玻璃颗粒在烧结过程中的相对结晶率,并结合扫描电镜研究了不同温度区域内的结晶过程。实验结果表明,在低温（９００ ℃以下）烧结时,晶体沿原玻璃颗粒的界面生成,向玻璃颗粒内部生长,而在原玻璃颗粒的内部无析晶发生,此时的结晶率较低; 在中温区（９００～１ ０５０ ℃）烧结,晶体在玻璃颗粒界面和颗粒内部同时析出并长大,可获得较高的结晶率; 高温区（１ ０５０～１ １００ ℃）烧结时由于玻璃颗粒界面的快速粘合以及相变驱动力的减小,结晶率又趋于下降。     

磁记录用的BaFe_（12－2x）CoxTixO_（19）微粉的晶化特性研究

采用玻璃晶化法制备适合磁记录用的Ｃｏ－Ｔｉ替代型钡铁氧体ＢａＦｅ_（１２－２ｘ）Ｃｏ_ｘＴｉ_ＸＯ_（１９）（ｘ＝０，０．５，０．６，０．７，０．８，０．８５，０．９）微粉。动态（变温）Ｘ射线衍射和ＤＴＡ曲线分析表明，在非晶薄片基体的晶化过程中，随热处理温度的升高，首先晶化出ＢａＢ_２Ｏ_４和Ｂａ_２Ｂ_２Ｏ_７相，随后出现钡铁氧体相；温度到达８５０℃后，非磁性相消失，仅剩有磁性的钡铁氧体相．晶化过程为先成核而后长大。有关晶化条件对钡铁氧体微粉粒子尺寸及分布的影响、对形貌的影响也作了详细的探讨。     

添加物对CaO-Al_2O_3-SiO_2系统玻璃析晶性能的影响

借助ＩＲ,ＤＴＡ,ＸＲＤ及ＯＭ分析手段,研究了ＺｎＯ,Ｎａ２Ｏ对ＣａＯ－Ａｌ２Ｏ３－ＳｉＯ２系统玻璃析晶性能的影响。结果表明,随（Ｎａ２Ｏ＋ＺｎＯ）／（Ａｌ２Ｏ３＋ＳｉＯ２）的量比增大,玻璃结构由致密转向疏松,且不均匀性增加,析晶活化能下降     

TiO_2 对氟金云母微晶玻璃析晶行为的影响

用扫描电镜（ＳＥＭ）、Ｘ射线衍射分析（ＸＲＤ）和差热分析（ＤＴＡ）等方法研究了ＴｉＯ２不同含量的云母微晶玻璃的析晶过程，发现不含ＴｉＯ２的玻璃只发生表面析晶，不能形成云母微晶玻璃。含ＴｉＯ２的玻璃的ＤＴＡ曲线上出现两个玻璃转变温度和两个析晶峰。ＳＥＭ和ＸＲＤ分析表明：云母微晶玻璃的形成决定于晶核剂ＴｉＯ２。ＴｉＯ２使玻璃发生分相，并形成先析钛酸镁晶体，降低了氟金云母的形核势垒。钛酸镁和氟金云母晶体的析晶活化能都随着ＴｉＯ２含量的增加而降低     

偏磷酸钙生物活性玻璃陶瓷纤维的研究

以磷酸氢钙和磷酸为起始原料，对熔融ＣａＯ─Ｐ２Ｏ５系统玻璃进行一系列处理，得到了新型的磷酸钙质生物材料──主晶相为β─磷酸钙的生物活性玻璃陶瓷纤维，探讨了这种玻璃组成、热处理制度、洗涤制度对β─Ｃａ（ＰＯ３）２纤维数量及长径比的影响。     

玻璃非等温析晶动力学的研究

从玻璃析晶转变的机制出发,考虑了玻璃形核机制对玻璃析晶转变的影响,导出了玻璃非等温析晶动力学公式：－ｌｎ（１－ｘ）＝Ｃαｍｅｘｐ［－１．０５２ｎＥ／（ＲＴ）］。由此求出玻璃的析晶活化能Ｅ和晶体生长指数ｎ具有明确的物理意义。用导出的公式研究了Ｋ／Ｍｇ／Ａｌ／Ｓｉ／Ｔｉ／Ｏ／Ｆ玻璃的析晶动力学。结果表明,析晶参数ｍ反映了玻璃的形核机制。玻璃中析出云母晶体ＫＭｇ３ＡｌＳｉ３Ｏ１０Ｆ２以二维方式生长,析晶活化能为（２３１±１２）ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。     

CaOMgOFe_2O_3Al_2O_3SiO_2玻璃分相与计算机模拟

采用分形理论和不稳分解模型结合ＭｏｎｔｅＣａｒｌｏ 方法对ＣａＯＭｇＯＦｅ２Ｏ３Ａｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＯ２ 系玻璃的分相进行了计算机模拟,应用分维数作定性描述,探讨了玻璃分相的机理·ＣＭＦＡＳ系玻璃在７１０ ℃保温２ ｈ 后产生分相,分相形貌具有分形特征·用图像分析仪测得其分维数为１－７５·模拟所得分相微观形貌的分维数为１－８７,与实验结果相近,分相微观形貌也相似,分相属于不稳分解机理·     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…