氧化铋对低温燃烧合成堇青石粉相变和烧结性能的影响

为研究Bi2O3在堇青石基微晶玻璃烧结过程中的作用及其添加量对微晶玻璃相转变和烧结性能的影响,以硅酸、硝酸铝、硝酸镁为原料,尿素为燃料,用低温燃烧法制备了具有不同Bi2O3含量的堇青石基微晶玻璃,并对其进行了X射线衍射分析、显微分析和能谱分析.结果表明:添加Bi2O3能明显促进μ-堇青石向α-堇青石的相转变或促进α-堇青石相直接析晶,降低α-堇青石相的析出温度(由1 050℃降至900℃),有效促进微晶玻璃的烧结致密化;Bi2O3的添加量以质量分数5%左右为宜.此外,介绍了一种简便快捷地制备堇青石基微晶玻璃的新方法.     

球磨法和溶胶-凝胶法制备PMN-PT粉体

分别用行星球磨法、高能球磨法和溶胶-凝胶法制备了PMN-PT粉体,并测量了粉体的物相、形貌和粒度分布。用行星球磨法得到粉体的平均二次粒径最大,该粉体压制的陶瓷坯体需要的烧结温度最高,而且陶瓷晶粒的平均直径也最大。用溶胶-凝胶法得到粉体的平均二次粒径最小,该粉体压制的陶瓷坯体需要的烧结温度最低,而且陶瓷晶粒的平均直径最小。     

B_2O_3-TiO_2掺杂堇青石微晶玻璃制备及其晶化行为

按照堇青石化学计量配比,掺杂B2O3-TiO2,采用溶胶-凝胶法配合回流制备了以α-堇青石为主晶相的微晶玻璃.利用差热分析、X射线衍射、扫描电镜等测试手段,对该玻璃样品的晶化过程进行了试验观察,探讨了B2O3-TiO2在堇青石基微晶玻璃晶化过程中的作用.结果表明:样品在从无定形态到堇青石微晶玻璃的转变过程中,过渡相为镁铝尖晶石和β-石英固溶体,该结果说明B2O3起到了抑制μ-堇青石形成的作用.另外,TiO2作为形核剂,通过先在玻璃相中形成富钛小液滴来诱导非均匀成核,从而促进α-堇青石析晶.断面扫描电镜图像显示所得微晶玻璃为整体析晶.     

纳米钨粉的烧结工艺

采用催化-凝胶法制备的平均粒径60nm的纳米钨粉为原料,经钢模压制成生坯,用高温膨胀仪测定了纳米钨粉坯体的烧结收缩动力学曲线;然后分别测定了不同烧结温度和烧结时间下烧结体晶粒尺寸和相对密度的变化.结果表明,纳米钨粉的坯体在200℃开始收缩,1300℃基本停止收缩.从1000℃到1200℃,其相对密度提高了24%,是致密化过程最快的阶段.在1200℃×120min的烧结工艺下得到烧结体相对密度为95%,晶粒尺寸为5μm的钨材.     

掺镍钛酸钡纳米粉体及其陶瓷的溶胶-凝胶制备

目的研究焙烧温度和烧结温度对由溶胶-凝胶法制备的掺镍钛酸钡样品微结构及介电性能的影响。方法采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了掺镍钛酸钡粉体及其陶瓷,通过FT-IR,XRD,SEM和TEM对干凝胶粉体、预烧粉体以及陶瓷进行了表征,并测定陶瓷的介电性能。结果采用溶胶-凝胶法可制备纳米级(30~80 nm)掺镍钛酸钡粉体及其细晶陶瓷(1~3μm);较高的焙烧温度有利于四方相钛酸钡的形成和晶粒的长大,但降低了陶瓷的介电常数;较高的烧结温度有利于陶瓷居里点介电常数的提高,合适的焙烧温度及烧结温度分别为800℃和1 300℃。结论溶胶-凝胶法可制得组成均匀、性能优异的介电材料,是制备多组分掺杂钛酸钡陶瓷的理想方法。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备0．85Pb（Mg1／3Nb2／3）O3—0．15PbTiO3铁电陶瓷及其性能研究

以无机盐和氧化物为原料,柠檬酸和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)为复合螯合剂,乙二醇为溶剂,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了0.85Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-0.15PbTiO3(PMN-PT)铁电陶瓷粉体及其烧结体.并通过XRD和SEM分析了PMN-PT钙钛矿相的形成和烧结体的显微结构.讨论了不同烧结温度对陶瓷显微结构、介电、铁电及压电性能的影响.结果表明采用溶胶-凝胶法制备的PMN-PT陶瓷适宜烧结温度为1 100℃,比常规固相合成法制备PMN-PT陶瓷的温度低100～200℃,且该条件下烧结的陶瓷性能优异:d33=252 pC/N,Pr=17.8 μC/cm2.     

激光选区烧结多孔堇青石陶瓷微观结构及性能

针对传统加工方式复杂结构多孔堇青石陶瓷零件难成形问题,提出采用激光选区烧结(SLS)成形复杂宏观多孔堇青石(2MgO·2Al_2O_3·5SiO_2)陶瓷,利用高温烧结对有机粘结剂的烧损作用成形微观多孔,以获得宏、微观孔并存结构.通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)表征SLS成形陶瓷的微观形貌及相特征,并研究SLS工艺及高温烧结温度对陶瓷强度及孔隙率的影响规律.SEM结果显示:SLS成形的多孔陶瓷初坯存在大量不规则孔隙,经过高温烧结后孔隙因为有机粘结剂的分解而增多,然后随高温烧结温度的升高孔隙逐渐减少.XRD分析结果表明:堇青石经SLS和高温烧结温度1 400℃以下时其相组成无明显改变,高于1 450℃时,出现部分分解,得到MgO相.SLS初坯抗压强度达1.54MPa,经1 400℃高温烧结4h其强度达到13.77 MPa.最后,应用优化工艺成形出传统工艺难以制造的复杂多孔堇青石陶瓷.     

液相烧结中液相成份对堇青石相变和陶瓷显微组织的影响

堇青石相的形成速度与烧结过程中是否出现液相以及液相的成份有很大关系。为搞清液相在堇青石陶瓷烧结过程中的作用 ,该文采用差热分析仪 (DTA)、 X射线衍射仪(XRD)以及扫描电子显微镜 (SEM)的测试手段 ,分析和比较了高熔点的稀土氧化物 Ce O2 和低熔点 K2 O对堇青石陶瓷烧结过程中的相变和显微组织的作用。发现 K2 O主要通过产生低粘度液相改善陶瓷致密度 ,它在促进中间相尖晶石、方石英向堇青石转化方面作用不大。相比之下 ,Ce O2 不仅能够降低堇青石的相变温度 ,特别是在玻璃相增加很少的情况下 ,大大加快堇青石的转化速度     

CeO_2对堇青石陶瓷的相组成和性能的影响

为了获得堇青石含量高且具有一定孔隙率的堇青石质耐火材料 ,用 X射线衍射仪、扫描电镜和热膨胀仪等手段研究了由氧化物粉末 (Mg O、Al2 O3 和 Si O2 )制备堇青石陶瓷时 ,添加 Ce O2 对堇青石陶瓷相组成和性能的影响 ,分析了 Ce O2 在烧结过程中的作用机理。试验表明 ,在 1370℃烧结 3h,该陶瓷由堇青石和孤立分布的玻璃相组成。随 Ce O2含量增加 ,陶瓷的致密度、弯曲强度和热膨胀系数逐渐升高。适量添加 Ce O2 (质量分数为 0 .0 2～ 0 .0 4) ,显著降低中间相(方石英、尖晶石 )的含量。Ce O2 的作用主要与改变 Si4+、Al3 +和 Mg2 +离子的扩散有关。这种工艺特别适用于制造窑具、高温气体过滤器等部件     

溶胶-凝胶法制备堇青石陶瓷用超细粉

以正硅酸乙酯、有机镁盐、无机铝盐为原料,通过溶胶-凝胶法制备了堇青石陶瓷用超细粉。利用XPS、EDAX、BET、XRD、SEM、TEM等测试手段,分析研究了影响超细粉组成分布均匀性及活性的各种因素。结果表明:原料种类、催化剂、干燥及预烧条件,是影响复合氧化物超细粉均匀性和活性的主要因素。本实验获得的超细粉,组成分布均匀、活性高、烧结性好,其比表面积为205m~2/g,平均粒径为50nm。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.