EEG-correlated fMRI of P3b component in P300 waves

Electroencephalography-correlated functional magnetic resonance imaging （EEG/fMRI） can be used to identify blood oxygen level-dependent （BOLD） signal changes associated with both physiological and pathological EEG events. Here, we implemented continuous and simultaneous EEG/fMRI to identify BOLD signal changes related to P3b component of P300, and 64 channels of EEG were recorded in II subjects during Landot Ring task inside a 1.5 T functional magnet resonance （MR） scanner using an MR-compatible EEG recording system. Functional scanning by echoplanar imaging covered almost the entire cerebrum every 2 s, leaving gaps of 2 s without scanning. Off-line MRI artifact subtraction software was applied to obtain continuous EEG data. Additionally, a P300 wave matched filter was constructed to inspect P300 wave occurrence following every target stimulus, target stimuli inspected to induce P300 were detected and their MRI scan number were then used as input for an event-related fMRI analysis. Finally MRI statistical parametric maps were constructed and corrected for multiple comparisons. By random effect group analysis, activations were detected in the right superior parietal lobule and bilaterally in inferior parietal lobule（p〈0.001, uncorrected）. The results demonstrated the upper regions were sources of P3b component and involved in target detection in memory comparison task.     

静息态脑区的活动特征研究

静息态脑区的活动处于一种相对稳定的状态。但是,静息态机能性磁共振成像(functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging,fMRI)实验中,被试者可能会受到各种噪声的影响,因此,统计分析所得到的静息态脑区的活动强度和体素数都可能受此影响。为了更进一步研究静息态脑区的活动特点,分别对16名被试采集了8′14″的静息态fMRI数据,将这些数据按照时间等分为5个部分,对每个部分分别采用低频振幅方法进行分析。实验结果显示:楔前叶和后扣带皮层包含活动体素的个数随时间变化较小,处于一种相对稳定的状态;额内侧皮层和顶下小叶中活动体素个数随时间变化差异较大,处于不是很稳定的状态。实验结果表明,静息态脑区中,楔前叶和后扣带皮层对于外界噪声的干扰不敏感,额内侧皮层和顶下小叶对于外界噪声比较敏感。     

偶极子核磁融合定位病灶与致痫灶及术中导航系统的应用

 探讨脑电偶极子与头MRI融合定位致痫灶及病灶并在术中导航引导下切除的方法。回顾性分析2006年6月至2009年3月期间玉泉医院癫痫中心收治的10例行手术治疗癫痫病例,行头MRI明确病灶,并用脑电偶极子定位致痫灶,术中导航引导下切除病灶及癫痫灶。10例病例行手术切除病灶及癫痫灶,无手术死亡及严重并发症。随访6～36个月。手术后疗效按Wilson标准评判,优良率为84％,7例（70％）癫痫发作完全消失;2例（20％）癫痫发作次数显著减少;1例（10％）无明显改善。由此得出结论：脑电偶极子及头颅MRI联合应用,明确病灶及癫痫灶,并在导航引导下切除病灶及癫痫灶治疗癫痫是精确有效的方法。     

Evaluation of mental fatigue based on multipsychophysiological parameters and kernel learning algorithms

Mental fatigue is an extremely sophisticated phenomenon, which is influenced by the environment, the state of health, vitality and the capability of recovery. A single parameter cannot fully describe it. In this paper, the effects of long time sustained low-workload visual display terminal （VDT） task on psychology are investigated by subjective self-reporting measures. Then power spectral indices of HRV, the P300 components based on visual oddball and wavelet packet parameters of EEG are combined to analyze the impacts of prolonged visual display terminal （VDT） activity on autonomic nervous system and central nervous system. Finally, wavelet packet parameters of EEG are extracted as the features of brain activity in different mental fatigue states. Kernel principal component analysis （KPCA） and support vector machine （SVM） are jointly applied to differentiate two states. The statistic results show that the level of both subjective sleepiness and fatigue increase significantly from pre-task to post-task, which indicate that the long time VDT task induces the mental fatigue to the subjects. The predominant activity of autonomic nervous system of subjects turns to the sympathetic activity from parasympathetic activity after the task. The P300 components and wavelet packet parameters of EEG are strongly related with mental fatigue. Moreover, the joint KPCA-SVM method is able to effectively reduce the dimensionality of the feature vectors, speed up the convergence in the training of SVM and achieve a high recognition accuracy （87%） of mental fatigue state. Multipsychophysiological measures and KPCA-SVM method could be a promising tool for the evaluation of mental fatigue.     

视觉监控警戒的脑电波普功率变异初步研究

目的旨在探索视觉监控警戒过程的大脑活动主要区域和大脑信息加工过程中的疲劳现象与脑电波普变异的关系。方法采用计算机模拟监控警戒作业80min实验。结果 (1)执行监控过程的脑电活动以高频段的β波活动为主,出现13Hz以下的低频段波活动减弱或抑制;(2)执行监控之后使得优势频率(重心频率)向低频段移动,表明疲劳程度增加;(3)P4区域是监控过程中活动最强的区域,实验后的疲劳程度最大,O2、O1、P3和FP1区域也出现疲劳现象,在监控作业进行80min之后的睁眼时,在O1、O2、P3、P4出现5~7Hz的θ波活动占优势。O2、O1和P3、P4是视觉监控作业信息加工的主要区域,FP1与眼睛活动有关。结论视觉监控警戒过程的脑信息加工区域和脑电波普变异有关联,脑电监测方法有助于研究警戒作业的脑力活动的工作负荷。     

Automatic removal of eye movement artifacts from the EEG using ICA and the dipole model

In this study, we proposed and evaluated the use of Independent Component Analysis (ICA) combining the EEG dipole model to automatically remove eye movement artifacts from the EEG without needing EOG as a reference. We separated the EEG data into independent components using the ICA method, and determined the source localization of these independent components with a single dipole model. The EEG signal was reconstructed by automatically excluding those components localized within a preset eye model. EEGs from 12 patients were analyzed. The experimental results indicate that ICA with the dipole model is very efficient at automatically subtracting the eye movement artifacts, while retaining the EEG slow waves and making their interpretation easier.     

Localization of a human system for sustained attention by positron emission tomography

Positron emission tomographic (PET) studies of human attention have begun to dissect isolable components of this complex higher brain function, including a midline attentional system in a region of the anterior cingulate cortex. The right hemisphere may play a special part in human attention; neglect, an important phenomenon associated with damage to attentional systems, is more severe, extensive and long-lasting after lesions to the right hemisphere. Here we use PET measurements of brain blood flow in healthy subjects to identify changes in regional brain activity during simple visual and somatosensory tasks of sustained attention or vigilance. We find localized increases in blood flow in the prefrontal and superior parietal cortex primarily in the right hemisphere, regardless of the modality or laterality of sensory input. The anterior cingulate was not activated during either task. These data localize the vigilance aspects of normal human attention to sensory stimuli, thereby clarifying the biology underlying asymmetries of attention to such stimuli that have been reported in clinical lesions.     

Application of EEG multipole model in the diagnosis of Alzheimer''''s disease

In order to find the electroencephalogram （EEG） characteristic parameters typical of Alzheimer＇s disease （AD） and explore an effective diagnostic method, a new mobile current multipole model was proposed to simulate the AD patient＇s cortical dipole source activities. The indicators of goodness of fit （GOF） and DtononD （DD） were calculated from EEG samples to evaluate the performance of this model. Relevant results showed that this multipole model with higher GOFvalues and larger DD change well fitted the pathological electrical activities of cortical neurons aroused by AD＇s extended sulcus and gyrus in the cerebral cortex. Meanwhile, the products of DD mean ＆ standard variance were found in a clear linear correlation with the diagnostic data of mini-mental state examination （MMSE） used in AD clinics. Furthermore, by tracing this multipole model＇s indicators in typical patients and contrasting with the functional magnetic resonance image （fMRI） as AD progressed, we suggested that the DD index may be suitable for monitoring the AD developments as a new diagnostic parameter.     

基于时延空时滤波的P300波形提取及目标分类算法

提出一种基于时延空时滤波的P300波形提取及目标分类算法.将多通道脑电信号进行时延,利用最小二乘法思想构造代价函数,通过交替优化的方式估计空时滤波器和源信号,使代价函数收敛并得到空时滤波器,实现空域的源分离和时域的波形提取.经过仿真P300数据对算法性能进行验证,结果表明,该算法对P300波形恢复效果优于同类型的相关算法.对真实脑电数据进行处理,用算法得到的空时滤波器提取P300源成分作为分类特征,利用训练集得到的P300源成分训练Fisher分类器进行目标分类.结果表明,算法的P300波形提取效果、目标分类准确率及AUC值均优于同类型的相关算法.因此,该算法可有效提取P300波形并进行目标分类.      

基于视觉和操作类脑电信号的脑力负荷分类

针对视觉和操作类任务，提出了一种基于脑电独立分量特征的脑力负荷分类方法.利用独立分量分析法从混合脑电信号中分解获得脑电信号的独立分量，再提取脑电独立分量的4个不同频段的能量特征，并对能量特征进行分类.基于脑电信号特征和脑电独立分量特征分别进行了脑力负荷分类实验，得到平均分类准确率分别为60.52%，86.14%，后者比前者提高了42.33%.     

Deactivations during the numerical processing

Deactivation has been encountered frequently in functional brain imaging researches. However, the deactivations during the numerical processing have not been reported yet. In this study, the functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to investigate the pattern of the deactivation in the brain of 15 healthy subjects during the numerical addition task. Analyses revealed significant deactivations in several brain regions, including the posterior cingulate, precuneus, anterior cingulate and prefrontal cortex. Especially, we found notable deactivation in bilateral insula. Accounting for the cognitive functions of these regions participating in a combinated way, we discuss their contributions in sustaining the brain activity during conscious resting state, and indicate that the insula is an important area of gathering auditory information from the external world.     

癫痫EEG波形的小波分析方法

癫痫患者发病期间脑电图表现为高幅同步节律波,可显著地在患者脑电图中观测到棘、尖波以及棘慢复合波等特征波形。本文根据癫痫波形特征,利用小波变换的时频局部化特性,提出了另一种高效的脑电图癫痫波形自动检测方法。     

基于约束独立分量分析的脑电特征提取

针对脑机接口(brain computerinterface,BCI)系统特征提取较慢的现状,提出基于约束独立分量分析(constrainedindependentcomponentanalysis,cICA)的P300特征提取方法.首先,针对各位P300实验被试,通过EEG图像研究其特有P300时域特性;然后,根据P300特性构建参考信号,并将参考信号与独立分量分析(independentcomponentanalysis,ICA)方法结合,基于64导联EEG,提取出与P300相关度最大的独立分量;最后,依据提取出的独立分量构造3维特征向量进行分类.实验采用线性分类器,针对BCICompetitionIIdatasetIIb和BCICompetitionIIIdatasetII两组公共数据集进行了验证.结果表明,提出方法在3次叠加平均下识别正确率达671%,15次达952%,在相同实验条件下,分类时间也较其他方法缩短.     

中心球模型下EEG正问题的数值模拟

目前EEG已经成为脑功能研究和临床诊断的重要技术手段.在研究EEG反问题时,大量的EEG正问题的计算是必不可少的.一方面,基于加权残值边界元法建立EEG正问题的计算公式,针对中心球模型,对不同偶极子的位置和方向分别计算了脑皮电位势.另一方面,针对EEG正问题的数值模拟,比较脑皮电位势的数值解与解析解的差异.结果表明加权残值法较以往的有限元法、差分法计算效率和精度都明显提高.因此广泛应用在计算力学的研究中.     

fMRI time series analysis based on stationary wavelet and spectrum analysis

The low signal to noise ratio (SNR) of functional MRI (fMRI) prefers more sensitive data analysis methods. Based on stationary wavelet transform and spectrum analysis, a new method with high detective sensitivity was developed for analyzing fMRI time series, which does not require any prior assumption of the characteristics of noises. In the proposed method, every component of fMRI time series in the different time-frequency scales of stationary wavelet transform was discerned by the spectrum analysis, then the components from noises were removed using the stationary wavelet transform, finally the components of real brain activation were detected by cross-correlation analysis. The results obtained from both simulated and in vivo visual experiments illustrated that the proposed method has much higher sensitivity than the traditional cross-correlation method.     

基于EEG数值计算的头部MRI图像处理

现在,对于脑科学的研究,无论是从微观还是宏观层次,脑成像都是其有力的工具.脑成像不仅是指大脑解剖结构成像,更重要的是脑功能成像,即结合图像来分析脑的功能活动(生理、病理、感知或认知的),从而揭示脑功能的奥秘.在过去的十几年中,对脑活动非损伤宏观成像技术取得了很大的发     

思维脑电信号的近似熵分析

计算了5种不同思维作业时脑电信号的近似熵.计算结果表明,当进行不同思维作业时脑电数据的近似熵存在着较大的差异.这提示可以利用近似熵作为思维脑电信号的特征实现对思维作业的分类.对于不同的受试者,即使是同一种思维作业、同一个电极上脑电数据的近似熵也存在着较大的差异.这提示在利用近似熵作为思维脑电信号的特征对心理作业进行分类时应当充分考虑不同受试者的个体差异.     

急性脑梗死偏瘫患者踝关节运动功能障碍的fMRI研究

目的:利用功能磁共振成像(fMRI)技术,观察急性脑梗死患者的运动相关皮层的激活图,探讨卒中后踝功能障碍及恢复的脑功能相关性改变.方法:采用1.5T磁共振成像系统对10例急性脑梗死患者和5例正常志愿者进行BOLD-fMRI检查,采用健侧、患侧踝关节背伸、趾屈运动作为刺激任务,比较正常志愿者与急性脑梗死患者踝关节运动时脑部激活情况的异同,并采用LI为指标,观察急性脑梗死患者健侧、患侧踝关节运动时脑部激活的差异.结果:正常对照组踝关节运动主要激活对侧SM1区,激活区形态呈斑片状或者不规则状,此外对侧PM区、SMA区也有不同程度的激活.急性脑梗死患者健侧踝关节运动主要激活对侧SM1区,此外对侧PM区、SMA区、颞叶、枕叶、小脑半球、额叶等也有不同程度的激活,与正常对照组激活区相似;患侧踝关节运动(主观运动)时除了对侧半球SM1区激活之外,同侧SM1区、PM区也可见不同程度的激活,对侧半球的激活体积大部分大于同侧.根据公式计算出LI值,结果显示健侧、患侧踝关节运动LI值之间存在显著性差异(P<0.05).结论:fMRI可以客观的显示急性脑梗死后患者大脑运动皮层的激活情况,提示存在脑功能代偿与重组,fMRI作为监测和研究急性脑梗死后运动功能恢复的有用工具,在临床治疗中具有重要的指导意义.     

Brain dynamic mechanisms on the visual attention scale with Chinese characters cues

The temporal dynamics in brain evoked by the scale of visual attention with the cues of Chinese characters were studied by recording event-related potentials (ERPs). With the fixed orientation of visual attention, 14 healthy young participants performed a search task in which the search array was preceded by Chinese characters cues, “大, 中, 小” (large, medium, small). 128 channels scalp ERPs were recorded to study the role of visual attention scale played in the visual spatial attention. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the ERP components evoked by the three Chinese characters cues except the inferoposterior N2 latency. The targets evoked P2, N2 amplitudes and latency have significant differences with the different cues of large, middle and small, while P1 and N1 components had no significant difference. The results suggested that the processing of scale of visual attention was mainly concerned with P2, N2 components, while the P1, N1 components were mainly related with the processing of visual orientation information.     

利用BRIR提取脑电信号基本节律特征及其虚拟仪器系统

研制了一种“虚拟式脑电记录分析仪”，不仅可以实现脑电信号的无纸描记、记录和显示，而且可以对脑电信号进行定量分析，进行脑电特征波形(如癫痫样波、棘波等)提取和时频域特征分析，从临床应用的角度出发，该仪器引入了频带相对强度比(BRIR)的概念，利用时频分析方法，可以获得某一时刻各个基本节律的相对强度，从而为医生临床诊断提供了一种较好的辅助分析工具。