氢氧化钡催化蓖麻油酯交换制备生物柴油

以蓖麻油为原料,用氢氧化钡作为非均相碱催化剂,酯交换反应制备生物柴油.比较了氢氧化钡与其他典型催化剂催化的产率,研究了反应醇油摩尔比、催化剂用量和反应时间对生物柴油收率的影响.结果表明,蓖麻油在以氢氧化钡为催化剂的酯交换反应中适宜条件为:醇油摩尔比为6∶1,蓖麻油与催化剂摩尔比为10∶1,反应时间20min,在此条件下生物柴油收率达98.35%.     

FeCl3·xH2O催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的研究

研究了带有x个结晶水的三氯化铁(FeCl3·xH2O)作为催化剂,由苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成苯甲酸乙酯的反应条件,重点讨论了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度以及不同的带水剂对酯化率的影响.实验结果表明,FeCl3·xH 2O是催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的良好催化剂,且可以重复使用.当酯化率最大是的最佳反应条件为:酸醇摩尔比为1∶6,催化剂用量与苯甲酸用量的摩尔比为1∶3.3,反应时间为4.0h,反应温度为80℃,带水剂为环己烷.     

FeCl_3·xH_2O催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的研究

研究了带有x个结晶水的三氯化铁(FeCl3.xH2O)作为催化剂,由苯甲酸和乙醇为原料合成苯甲酸乙酯的反应条件,重点讨论了酸醇摩尔比、催化剂用量、反应时间、反应温度以及不同的带水剂对酯化率的影响。实验结果表明,FeCl3.xH2O是催化合成苯甲酸乙酯的良好催化剂,且可以重复使用。当酯化率最大是的最佳反应条件为:酸醇摩尔比为1∶6,催化剂用量与苯甲酸用量的摩尔比为1∶3.3,反应时间为4.0h,反应温度为80℃,带水剂为环己烷。     

强酸性阳离子树脂催化合成乙酸乙酯研究

以D072强酸性阳离子树脂为催化剂, 乙酸和乙醇为原料,在常压下合成乙酸乙酯.该文研究了树脂种类、树脂用量、酸醇比、反应温度和反应时间等因素对酯化反应过程的影响.在不分离产物的情况下,合成乙酸乙酯的反应条件为:醇与酸摩尔比为1∶1, 反应时间100 min,催化剂用量6 g, 沸腾状态下反应,乙酸的单程转化率可达65.53%,催化剂可重复使用.     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化制备醋酸正丙酯的工艺研究

以正丙醇、冰醋酸为原料,强酸性阳离子交换脂作为催化剂,催化合成醋酸正丙酯,考察了催化剂的使用寿命,再生能力及反应温度、反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比对合成醋酸正丙酯的影响.强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化制备醋酸正丙酯适宜的条件为:反应时间为2h,催化剂用量(以醋酸质量计)为15%,沸腾状态反应,酸醇摩尔比为1∶1.在选定的实验条件下,反应的转化率为68.06%.催化剂的使用寿命较长,再生能力较强.     

SO42-/ZrO2-La2O3催化合成十二烷基糖苷的研究

以葡萄糖和月桂醇为原料,采用SO42— /ZrO2-La2O3复合固体超强酸一步法催化合成十二烷基糖苷,考察了原料配比（醇/糖比）、催化剂用量（催/糖比）、葡萄糖加入方式和反应温度等因素对糖苷产率的影响。结果表明,当醇/糖摩尔比为6,催/糖质量比为0.03,葡萄糖采用分批加入,反应温度为100℃时,SO42—/ZrO2-La2O3的催化性能最佳,烷基糖苷的收率高达 158%。     

乙酸苄酯合成新工艺研究

用强酸性阳离子交换树脂负载Fe3 制备的催化剂用于合成乙酸苄酯,研究了在不分离产物的条件下,醇酸比,催化剂用量,反应温度等因素对乙酸转化率的影响.当催化剂用量为15%(以乙酸加入的质量计),酸醇摩尔比为1∶1,反应温度为100℃,反应时间为2.5小时,乙酸转化率为69.30%.经负载Fe3 的树脂在选择的反应条件下催化合成乙酸苄酯,其催化活性比原树脂的催化活性提高了16.66%.催化剂经8次重复使用,其催化性能未见明显降低.     

硫酸钛催化月桂酸乙酯的合成研究

以固体硫酸钛为催化剂、月桂酸和无水乙醇为原料,合成香料月桂酸乙酯.考察了酸醇物质的量之比,催化剂的用量,反应温度,反应时间及带水剂等因素对合成反应的影响.实验表明: 月桂酸和无水乙醇的摩尔比为1∶5,催化剂用量为反应物料总质量分数的4.5%,环己烷为带水剂, 控制反应温度为90～100℃,反应时间3.5小时的优化条件下, 月桂酸乙酯的收率可达90.7%.     

磷酸催化地沟油制备生物柴油的研究

研究了以磷酸为催化剂,地沟油与甲醇发生酯交换反应制取生物柴油的反应条件对产物收率的影响.通过正交实验得出了制备生物柴油的最佳条件:反应温度为70 ℃,醇油摩尔比为30∶1,催化剂用量为原料油质量的8%,反应时间为5 h.在此条件下生物柴油的收率可达85%以上.     

固体酸催化大豆油甲酯化制备生物柴油的研究

以甲醇和大豆油为原料,以固体酸为催化剂,通过酯交换反应制备生物柴油.考察了反应时间、反应温度、催化剂用量和醇油摩尔比各单因素对生物柴油产率的影响,得到最佳工艺条件:反应时间3.5 h,反应温度70℃,催化剂用量为大豆油质量的6.0%,醇油摩尔比为7:1,生物柴油产率可达93.5%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.