循环流化床锅炉床温测点的数据处理策略

循环流化床锅炉的床温测点一般有16-60个,在炉膛密相区构筑了2～3层的测量网,全面反映整个床层的温度场分布。这些测点的数据被DCS系统处理为1个表征参数,用作燃烧自动调节的输入信号或经过限值比较后作为MFT信号。本文归纳了床温数据的常用处理方法,阐释了现行处理方法的缺点和弊端,介绍了安徽六安发电厂CFB锅炉床温测点的数据处理新策略——局域抑制法。     

75t/h循环流化床锅炉的运行和控制

提供了一个循环流化床锅炉稳定运行的实例,对水汽系统、燃烧系统等进行了详细的介绍,最后还对负荷调节、床温调节等问题进行了探讨.     

增压流化床锅炉启动特性研究

分别在实验室规模常压模拟增压流化床燃烧室和15MW PFBC－CC联合循环中试电站60t/h蒸发量的PFBC锅炉上进行了增压流化床锅炉启动特性试验研究。试验了热烟气点燃流化床的煤种适应性;研究了加煤床温、加煤速率、埋管受热面积、静止床高、热烟气温度和烟气流量等参数对启动过程的影响规律,验证了为增压流化床锅炉特制的启动系统中带有气封结构的风室的可靠性,考察了增压流化床在深床运动中实施压火后,能再次热启动的条件及所需的燃油量和煤量的变化。在实验室规模装置上得到的较翔实和完整的结构设计参数和试验结果,已经成功地庆用于中试装置的启动运行。研究结果对大型常压和增压流化床锅炉的启动运动有积极的借鉴和指导意义。     

下排气中温分离器型循环流化床锅炉的研究与设计

根据我国循环流化床锅炉燃煤宽筛分的特点，从循环倍率和密相区吸热量、燃烧分额、出口温度及分离效率等关系深入分析了密相区热量平衡，对中温下排气分离器内三维速度场进行分析研究，并以４１０ｔ／ｈ循环流化床锅炉方案设计为例，提出了宽筛分，中、低循环倍率，中温下排气分离器，Ⅱ型布置的循环流化床的构思。     

循环流化床锅炉煤燃烧效率研究

人们已经认识到飞灰含碳量是燃煤循环流化床锅炉的重要问题．它影响了燃烧损失和锅炉效率．在循环流化床实验台上对六种煤的燃烧进行了研究,与燃用相同煤种的循环流化床锅炉的结果比较,并与热重分析(TGA)数据关联,结果表明,飞灰含碳量不仅受运行参数如床温、过量空气系数、配风情况、床存量及床质量的影响,而且受煤特性影响,煤本身的反应活性是最主要的．利用热重分析(TGA)数据可以预测该燃料在循环流化床锅炉燃烧时的飞灰含碳量。     

35 t/h煤粉锅炉改循环流化床锅炉的研究

介绍了某公司的一台35t/h煤粉锅炉改循环流化床锅炉的设计与运行.结果表明改造后的循环流化床锅炉不仅能达到40t/h的额定蒸发量，而且操作性能稳定、煤种适应性广、负荷调节范围大，达到了节能降耗和降低生产成本的目的.     

出口结构对循环流化床锅炉床内轴向密度的影响

针对目前工业循环流化床锅炉存在的主要问题(床温控制、细颗粒的停留时间及气固横向混合)及其工程对策的缺陷,用试验方法探索利用改变出口结构来增加颗粒的内循环;研究了多种循环流化床的出口几何结构在不同操作条件下对床内流动特性的影响机理。试验表明,循环流化床锅炉出口几何结构对床内轴向密度的影响很大,选择合理的出口几何结构,可以在循环流化床锅炉运行条件范围内增强床顶部甚至全床的床密度,增强颗粒的内循环,从而增加颗粒在床内的停留时间。     

出口结构对循环流化床锅炉床内轴向密度的影响

针对目前工业循环流化床锅炉存在的主要问题(床温控制、细颗粒的停留时间及气固横向混合)及其工程对策的缺陷,用试验方法探索利用改变出口结构来增加颗粒的内循环;研究了多种循环流化床的出口几何结构在不同操作条件下对床内流动特性的影响机理。试验表明,循环流化床锅炉出口几何结构对床内轴向密度的影响很大,选择合理的出口几何结构,可以在循环流化床锅炉运行条件范围内增强床顶部甚至全床的床密度,增强颗粒的内循环,从而增加颗粒在床内的停留时间。     

舰用蒸汽锅炉增压燃烧对锅炉性能影响的研究

以某舰用主锅炉为研究对象，对增压与非增压2种情况做了全面的热力计算，并分析了增压燃烧引起的锅炉性能的改变，而且对增压燃烧情况下传热特性进行了分析．分析结果表明：增压锅炉比非增压锅炉有更好的热持性和经济性．     

35t／h煤粉锅炉改循环流化床锅炉的研究

介绍了某公司的一台３５ｔ／ｈ煤粉锅炉改循环流化床锅炉的设计与运行,结果表明,改造后的循环流化床锅炉不仅能达到４０ｔ／ｈ的额定蒸发量,而且操作性能稳定,煤种适应性广、负荷调节范围大,达到了节能降耗和降低生产成本的目的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with