一种改进的粒子群算法

为提高粒子群算法的寻优速度和精度,提出了一种改进的粒子群算法,新算法是在标准粒子群算法的基础上对个体极值作变异操作.通过三个基准函数的测试,结果表明新算法在收敛速度、收敛精度和全局寻优能力方面均明显优于其它几种粒子群算法.     

一种自适应混合纵向多变异粒子群算法

为克服标准粒子群算法搜索后期收敛速度慢、容易陷入局部最优的缺点,通过引进自适应惯性权重因子平衡标准粒子群优化算法的全局搜索和局部改良能力,同时设计了均匀分布变异和高斯分布变异相结合的粒子群混合纵向多变异策略,来提高算法摆脱局部极值和局部寻优的能力.根据提出的改进算法流程,针对公认的Sphere,Rastrigin,Griewank和Salomon四种标准测试函数进行了收敛精度和收敛速度的测试.测试结果表明,在标准粒子群、自适应权重粒子群、自适应变异粒子群和自适应混合多变异粒子群4种算法中,提出的新算法具有最好的全局最优值搜索能力和最稳定的全局收敛特性,且在提高收敛速度的同时,有效地避免了早熟收敛问题.     

简约粒子群优化算法

针对全局版粒子群的早熟和局部版粒子群的最优位置信息利用率低的问题，提出简约粒子群算法．该算法使用速度松弛迭代策略，使粒子不必频繁更新速度，当粒子速度有利于适应度进一步提高时，就在下一个迭代周期内维持该速度，这有利于提高良好速度信息的利用率，减小算法的计算量，加快运算的收敛速度．同时，利用精英集团策略，使多个最优位置信息在种群内充分共享，有效地控制了种群多样性，避免了早熟现象．在典型标准测试函数上进行了全局、局部版惯性因子粒子群和全局、局部版约束因子粒子群测试比较，结果表明简约粒子群算法具有更强的寻优能力和更高的稳定性，且计算量也比较小．     

融合混沌和捕食搜索的混合粒子群算法

针对标准粒子群算法在处理复杂函数时存在的收敛速度慢、易陷入局部最优的缺点,提出了新的混合粒子群算法.该算法利用混沌运动的遍历性、对初始条件的敏感性等特性进行群体的混沌初始化,且捕食搜索策略可以通过调节限制级别的控制粒子群的搜索空间,从而平衡全局搜索和局部搜索.测试结果表明,新算法具有更快的收敛速度和更强的全局寻优能力.     

一种混合拓扑结构的粒子群优化算法

为进一步提高粒子群优化算法的搜索性能,在分析不同拓扑结构对算法性能影响的基础上,针对不同拓扑结构粒子群优化算法的优缺点,提出一种混合使用全局版本和局部版本粒子群优化算法的方法,每一代粒子在速度更新时随机选择全局模型或局部模型方式进行.在典型测试函数上进行对比实验,结果验证了新算法不仅能有效地进行全局搜索,而且具有更好的收敛精度.     

简化的自适应粒子群优化算法

对基本粒子群优化算法作了一些改进:通过去掉速度因子简化算法结构,引入指数下降形式的惯性权重,对全局极值进行自适应的变异操作,进而提出一种简化的带变异算子的自适应粒子群优化算法。通过与其他改进的粒子群算法的数值实验对比分析,表明提出的新算法能够有效地避免早熟收敛问题,并能较大幅度地提高收敛速度和收敛精度。     

一种新的混合粒子群优化算法

 针对粒子群优化算法容易陷入局部极值,进化后期收敛速度慢、精度低等缺点,本文将粒子群优化算法与遗传算法相结合,在基本粒子群优化算法中引入了正态变异算子,提出了一种新的混合进化算法,新算法增加了种群的多样性,增强了算法的全局寻优能力,提高了算法的搜索效率。使用新算法对经典函数进行优化测试,结果表明,本算法保持了粒子群优化算法简捷快速、容易实现的特点;同时,正态变异算子的引入提升了算法后期的收敛速度与全局搜索能力。新的算法能够以更小的种群数和进化代数获得较好的优化能力,在克服陷入局部最优和收敛速度方面均优于基本粒子群优化算法、遗传算法以及加入混沌扰动的粒子群优化算法（CPSO）。     

一种自适应改变惯性权重的粒子群算法

针对标准粒子群算法收敛性和收敛速度的问题,分析标准粒子群算法惯性参数对算法性能优化的影响,提出一种自适应改变惯性权重的粒子群算法（ACPSO）。通过对粒子速度和位置变化过程的分析,并结合早熟收敛程度和个体适应值自适应的调整惯性权重,使得算法能在全局收敛性和收敛速度之间找到良好的平衡关系,并且通过典型的函数测试,表明此方法有效的控制了粒子群的多样性,而且具有良好的收敛速度。     

分层多种群的自适应粒子群算法

为了改善粒子群算法的性能,提出一种分层多种群的自适应粒子群算法.为了提高全局搜索和局部搜索的能力,选用了自适应更新的惯性权重和学习因子.为了防止种群多样性的丧失且加快算法的收敛速度,采用了一种分层多种群协同进化策略.最后,将新算法与其他4个算法在23个测试函数上进行了测试,结果表明,新算法能够动态地平衡算法的全局搜索和局部搜索能力,保持种群的多样性,收敛精度高.     

基于扰动的自适应粒子群优化算法

【目的】针对标准粒子群优化算法在应用中暴露出的缺点,如在迭代后期收敛速度慢、搜索精度不高、容易陷入局部最优等,提出一种基于扰动的自适应粒子群优化算法。【方法】该算法将扰动因子加入速度更新公式中,使种群搜索范围扩大;采用自适应的惯性权重,以起到平衡全局和局部寻优能力的作用;对最优粒子进行自适应的柯西变异,拓展最优粒子的搜索空间,降低粒子陷入局部最优的可能性;最后对算法进行仿真实验。【结果】新算法能够增强全局搜索能力,有效避免局部最优,具有更快的收敛速度。【结论】新算法克服了标准粒子群优化算法的缺点,为进一步研究粒子群优化算法的改进和应用提供科学依据。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.