粗糙地、海面色散特性研究

由于在研究粗糙地海面的超宽带特性时,需记及介电常数随频率变化而变化的特点.因此,有必要研究粗糙地海面中随机介质的介电常数随频率变化的色散特性.通过自由水和结合水色散特性的数值比较,提出了一种包含结合水的新土壤介电常数模型,研究了新旧模型随频率变化的特性,结果表明新的土壤模型比Dobson模型更合理地表征了土壤的介电常数.同时,针对海水的色散特性,通过单、双Debye模型的数值对比,提出了修正的Meissner模型,研究了海水在不同温度下的色散特性,分析了不同温度下的松弛频率,结果表明第2个松弛频率的引入显著拓展了Debye模型的有效范围,从而证明了新模型的有效性.     

土壤重金属与土壤理化性质的空间变异及研究

对研究区的部分土壤理化性质及土壤重金属的空间变异特性进行了分析,均表现出一定的空间变异性,并通过克里格插值得到它们的空间分布格局,表现出了一定的相似性,说明土壤理化性质与土壤重金属在空间分布上存在一定的相关性;通过对它们之间的空间相关性分析,表明克里格插值结果与实际计算结果是一致的,结果表明,土壤有机质、pH及各粒级含量土壤与Cu,Hg,As含量的相关性显著,与Zn,Pb和Cr为中等相关,且均为正相关,而与Cd的相关性不显著.在实际生产中,可以通过土壤部分理化性质来估计土壤重金属的分布特征.     

施用沼液对农林土壤生态系统影响的研究进展

目前,沼液排放量逐年增加,对农林土壤的影响也在增大,笔者就施用沼液对土壤的影响研究现状进行了综合分析,总结归纳施用沼液对农林土壤理化与生物学特性的影响及其机制。认为:①适当沼液施用条件下农林土壤动物、微生物的数量,全氮、全钾、全磷、速效氮、速效磷和速效钾的含量都有所提高; ②土壤的理化性质和结构及施用沼液的质量浓度、用量、使用时间都是影响农林土壤生态系统的重要因素; ③施用沼液可能增加土壤重金属含量,不同土层各种重金属含量增加程度不一; ④不同的沼液处理方式、发酵时间,对农林土壤的重金属积累、土壤动物的影响各异,稀释后的沼液比原沼液灌溉土壤更易造成Cd、Cu的积累,新鲜沼液比陈放沼液对土壤动物的抑制作用更明显。因此,施用沼液是资源可持续循环利用的重要途径之一,合理施用沼液不仅可以提高农林土壤生产力,也可以保护生态环境; 同时,因土壤生物学特性、理化性质等不同,长期施用沼液对不同类型农林土壤的影响结果有所不同,尤其对土壤生态系统的生物学与生态学的过程与机制尚不清楚。在研究施用沼液对农林土壤的影响及其响应机制过程中,一方面要做2 a甚至更长时间的定位观测与分析; 另一方面要考虑不同处理沼液的理化性质以及实验土壤的理化和生物学特性的差异,深入探究沼液内含物在土壤中的迁移、转化过程以及吸附作用,以达到长期维持土壤生产力的目的。     

雪地环境电磁散射特性研究

针对雪地环境电磁散射的特殊性、复杂性,建立土壤与雪层相对介电常数模型,分析频率和湿度对土壤和雪层有效相对介电常数的影响。以高斯分层粗糙面模拟有雪层覆盖的土壤表面,基于考虑层间多次散射的微扰法(small perturbation method,SPM)定量计算土壤层的相对介电常数、粗糙度,雪层的厚度对雪地环境后向电磁散射的影响,并结合土壤与雪层相对介电常数模型分析对雪层和土壤层相关信息获取的可行性。研究结果为雪层厚度、融化速度以及雪层下地形地貌的探测提供了理论依据。     

秦岭北坡杨树人工林细根分布与土壤特性的关系

在秦岭山区北坡,对5年生杨树人工林细根表面积、细根体积、根长密度和细根生物量的垂直分布特征,以及这些根系参数与土壤理化特性的关系进行研究。结果表明：杨树人工林细根表面积、细根体积、根长密度和细根生物量基本上表现为随土壤深度增加而减少的趋势;各细根集中分布在0~20 cm土层中,其中0~10 cm土层中占40%左右,10~20 cm中集中了20%以上。土壤理化特性在0~80 cm土层中呈现各自的变化规律,土壤体积质量基本随土层加深而增加,土壤水分表现为变化不大的波动。土壤pH变动范围为6.14~6.71,且随土层加深呈波动变化趋势。土壤有机质、全氮、速效氮垂直变化趋势相似,随土层深度的增加而减少。在杨树人工林中,细根参数与多种土壤理化因子之间存在着不同程度的相关性,说明杨树人工林细根分布特征受土壤理化特性的影响,这反映了植物长期适应生境条件的有效策略。     

(Ba1-xSrx)TiO3介电常数与温度、频率的关系

分析了影响(Ba1-xSrx)TiO3陶瓷材料介电特性的诸因素，从温度依赖、频率响应两个方面，对BST陶瓷材料的介电常数进行了研究．在进行频率特性的测试中，选取x=0．35的BST、材料，即(Ba0.65Sr0.35)TiO3，测得不同晶粒度下的介电常数随频率的变化曲线．在进行温度特性的测试中，测量了不同晶粒度的BST材料介电常数与温度变化的关系，并绘制了关系曲线．     

基于SOTER的漳浦样区土系主要理化性状空间自相关分析

选取闽东南漳浦沿海低丘台地区为样区,依托SOTER理论和地理信息系统技术,从漳浦样区SOTER数据库中选取地貌图、岩性图和土系图,对样区17个典型土壤剖面理化性质进行空间自相关分析.结果表明,样区土系理化性质具有从沿海至内陆方向变异的全局趋势,去除趋势面后各向异性不明显.将地貌图、岩性图和土系图叠加后可知影响土系空间分异的因素中,地貌、微地貌和母岩决定变异的全局趋势,其余因素影响极小.     

不同岩性背景下表层土壤理化性质差异及其影响因素研究

受制于空间异质性,影响土壤理化性质变化的环境因子仍具有较大的不确定性.以鄂西南地区喀斯特和非喀斯特发育下的次生林和耕地为研究对象,对比了表层土壤(0～15 cm)化学(pH、有机碳和总氮)和物理特性(质地、孔隙度和容重)差异,并基于冗余分析(RDA)解析影响土壤性质变化的主控环境因子.结果表明:喀斯特土壤有机碳、总氮及砂粒含量显著(P0.05)高于非喀斯特土壤,粘粒含量则相反,与碳酸盐岩富钙镁(养分容易富集)及易于溶蚀(易于形成风化砂层)的特性有关.耕地土壤有机碳和总氮显著(P0.05)低于次生林,同时耕作还导致喀斯特耕地土壤粘粒显著增加、砂粒含量减小,增加粘粒流失的风险.裸岩率解释了喀斯特地区土壤性质63.6%的变异,而土地利用方式(43.8%)和海拔(27.5%)则是非喀斯特地区土壤性质变化的主控因素.因此,区域尺度土壤性质预测需关注岩性等环境因子的影响.     

乌鲁木齐市青格达湖乡蔬菜大棚土壤粒径分析

土壤基质是由不同比例的、粒径粗细不一、形状和组成各异的颗粒组成,一般分为砾、砂、粉粒和粘粒4级。而土壤粒径分布强烈地影响着土壤的水力特性、土壤肥力状况以及土壤侵蚀等,是重要的土壤物理特性之一。由于不同粒径的土粒其理化性质有所不同,因此土壤的粒径分布在某种程度上决定了土壤的结构和性质,这在农业利用中具有极其重要的意义。     

造纸废水污灌对土壤微生物数量动态的影响

初步研究造纸废水污灌对土壤理化性质的影响以及土壤中细菌、放线菌、丝状真菌等微生物数量的变化，分析了土壤理化性质与土壤微生物数量的关系。结果表明：污灌后土壤的含水率与有机质含量提高、钠离子含量下降是导致土壤微生物数量发生不同程度变化的主要原因。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.