北京山区几种木本植物蒸腾作用特征的研究

对北京山区落叶阔叶林几种木本植物蒸腾速率进行了一个生长季的连续测定,结果表明：影响植物蒸腾速率的因子主要是气孔阻力、光照强度、叶面温度、叶室温度、大气相对湿度．根据结果分析：树种不同,因子作用大小存在差异,主要影响因子不同,如山杏蒸腾速率的影响因子主要是温度和大气相对湿度．对辽东栎、山杏、大叶白蜡和核桃楸4种北京山区落叶阔叶林优势种叶片气孔阻力和蒸腾速率相关关系的分析结果显示,蒸腾速率和气孔阻力之间是一种非线性关系。     

暖温带落叶阔叶林中辽东栎蒸腾作用的特征

对北京山区落叶阔叶林辽东栎蒸腾速率进行了一个生长季的连续测定，结果表明影响其蒸腾速率的因子主要是气孔阻力、太阳辐射强度、叶面温度、叶室温度、大气相对湿度．对辽东栎叶片气孔阻力和蒸腾速率相关关系的分析结果显示，蒸腾速率和气孔阻力间属非线性关系，其方程为：Tr辽东栎＝10．0-4．7ln(Rt)．     

北京园林5种乔木蒸腾模拟及其对环境因子的响应比较

研究北京市园林常用5种乔木国槐(Sophora japonica)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)、白蜡(Fraxinus chinensis)、杜仲(Eucommia ulmoides)、臭椿(Ailanthus altissima)等植物蒸腾作用与周围环境的气象因子(温度、湿度、太阳有效辐射)及植株叶面积指数相关关系,利用Javis公式计算冠层气孔阻力,再用PM公式计算冠层蒸腾速率、植株日蒸腾量,分析不同乔木的冠层气孔导度对环境主驱动因子的响应规律.结果表明:在5种被观测乔木中耗水量国槐最大,白蜡最低,植株蒸腾量从大到小依次为国槐、银杏、杜仲、臭椿、白蜡(P0.01).从植物叶片气孔导度及蒸腾量与环境驱动因子太阳辐射及水气压亏缺的相关关系看,在保障土壤水分条件较好时,国槐长势好于其他4种乔木,但对水分利用不够经济,在干旱情况下不能有效节水.     

北京城市绿地三种常见林木冠层光合作用特征

城市公园绿化树种的选择需要观测数据的支持,毛白杨、垂柳、白蜡是北京最常见的主要树种,因此夏季晴天在北京市海淀公园林地使用便携式光合作用测量系统LI-6400观测自然光照条件下上述3种林木冠层叶片的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、胞间CO_2浓度、气孔导度等光合生理指标,分析其日变化规律及影响因素。结果表明,净光合速率与蒸腾速率日变化趋势呈现单峰型或双峰型曲线,净光合速率、蒸腾速率的最高峰值分别在17. 0～22. 0μmol CO_2/(m~2·s)和1. 8～2. 3 mmol H_2O/(m~2·s)。毛白杨和白蜡光合参数的日均值相差不大,但毛白杨和白蜡的净光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度日均值均高于垂柳的日均值,胞间CO_2浓度日均值低于垂柳的日均值。林地冠层叶片的净光合速率与蒸腾速率呈显著的正相关关系(P 0. 05);净光合速率和蒸腾速率与气孔导度、光合有效辐射呈显著的正相关关系,此外净光合速率与胞间CO_2浓度呈显著的负相关关系。毛白杨和白蜡具有较强的光合作用能力,更适用于城市绿化。     

大气CO2浓度升高对棉花生理特性和生长的影响

根据在人工气候室取得的试验资料,分析了大气ＣＯ２ 浓度倍增对棉花叶气孔阻力和导度、叶温、叶光合和蒸腾速率、生长状况与干物质积累等的影响．结果表明,大气ＣＯ２ 浓度倍增,棉花叶气孔阻力增加,导度降低,叶温增加,光合速率增大,蒸腾速率降低,水分利用效率明显提高,棉花生长加快．这些性质的变化在不同土壤水分条件下（高低两种水分处理）产生明显的差异,表现为大气ＣＯ２ 浓度增加对光合速率和生长的正效应及其对蒸腾的抑制作用削弱了水分胁迫对棉花光合和生长产生的不利影响,在低水分条件下棉花水分利用效率增加的比例大于高水分条件下的     

羊草群落不同优势植物光能和水分利用特征比较的研究

用CI-301PS光合作用测定仪测定了大针茅(Stipa grandis)、羊草(Leymus chinensis)、羽茅(Achnatherum sibiricum)和黄囊苔草(Carex korshinskyi)的净光合速率和蒸腾速率的日动态．分析结果表明四种植物光能利用效率的日动态都呈峰值明显的双峰型曲线,黄囊苔草光能利用效率的日动态明显不同于其它三种高大禾草;四种植物水分利用效率的日动态都呈单峰型曲线,但日变化韵律和峰值出现时间有明显差异．四种植物的光能利用效率日变化与水分利用效率日变化都有显著线性相关关系．黄囊苔草和大针茅的光能利用效率都与气孔阻力、温度有显著线性相关关系;黄囊苔草的水分利用效率与气孔阻力、大气温度和相对湿度有显著线性相关关系,羊草的水分利用效率与气孔阻力、叶面温度有显著线性相关关系．     

大叶白蜡翅果种子双生现象初报

大叶白蜡为木犀科白蜡属落叶乔木,果形独特美观,可用作庭荫树、行道树或风景林.其翅果倒披针状,多变化,先端钝或凹,或有小尖.正常翅果内种子为1粒,现发现大叶白蜡翅果内有种子双生现象.     

黄土高原主要造林树种苗木蒸腾耗水特性

选择34种乔木、灌木、果树树种,通过水分控制使苗木受到不同程度的水分胁迫,以分析苗木的蒸腾强度、气孔大小、叶水势、饱和亏缺与太阳总辐射、大气相对湿度、气温、风速、土壤含水量及叶面积等因素之间的关系。结果表明,侧柏对水分胁迫反应最为敏感,水分胁迫时,能迅速调整气孔开度以增加气孔阻力减少水分蒸腾,是其具有较强抗旱能力的重要生理基础;山杏、白榆有较大的临界饱和亏缺和较低的相对含水量,具较强的耐旱能力;当土壤含水量在6％以上时,土壤含水量与苗木蒸腾速率的关系密切,当土壤含水量低于6％时蒸腾速率与土壤含水量关系不密切;不同树种的蒸腾速率对气温、大气湿度、太阳辐射强度等环境因素的反应不同,可以选择关系密切的因子作为不同苗木蒸腾速率预测的指标。在干旱半干旱地区了解苗木蒸腾速率与土壤水分等环境因素的关系,可指导选择立地条件类型、墒情及把握造林时机,提高造林成活率。     

干旱条件下两种山黧豆气孔特性及种子ODAP,粗蛋白和淀粉积累的研究

对干旱条件下永寿山黧豆(YS)和定西山黧豆(DX)的气孔特性、光合特性和种子物质的积累进行了研究。结果表明，干旱使两种山黧豆气孔密度(SD)显著升高，同时显著减小气孔开度(SA)，SA在30％以上的气孔所占的比例显著减小，而气孔阻力(r)却显著增加；干旱条件下，两种山黧豆的光合速率(Pn)和蒸腾速率(E)均较正常水分条件下的小，而叶片水平水分利用效率(WUE)却显著上升；干旱使两种山黧豆种子千粒重降低，而种子ODAP，粗蛋白和淀粉含量均有一定程度增加，相比之下，干旱更严重地影响了YS的SD，SA，r，Pn，E以及种子ODAP含量，而更显著地提高DX的WUE和种子粗蛋白、淀粉含量。分析认为，干旱通过影响气孔密度和开度而影响光合速率蒸腾速率和水分利用效率；干旱也增加了气孔阻力，而气孔阻力的增加大幅度地减小了蒸腾速率；光合速率、蒸腾速率和水分利用效率的变化最终影响种子千粒重以及种子ODAP，粗蛋白和淀粉等物质的积累；DX可能较耐旱，水分亏缺对YS的影响较DX大。     

黄河三角洲盐碱地混交林不同树种光合特性研究

为了揭示黄河三角洲盐碱地混交林不同树种的光合特性,探寻适宜的混交林优势树种,利用CIRAS-1型便携式光合仪测定黄河三角洲盐碱地6种常见树木(桑树、刺槐、白蜡、苦楝、杨树和国槐)的光合速率、蒸腾速率、光合有效辐射及气孔导度。结果表明:6种树木4项指标峰值大部分出现在10:00和14:00;杨树和国槐光合速率和光合有效辐射日变化为双峰曲线,桑树的蒸腾速率为双峰曲线,其余树种四项指标为单峰曲线;影响6种树木光合速率的因子依次是光合有效辐射>叶温>气孔导度,而蒸腾速率则是气孔导度>光合有效辐射>叶温;杨树、国槐和刺槐的光合速率、蒸腾速率等指标值较高,相较于其它树种差异达到显著水平(P<0.05)。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.