山西大同煤矸石山自然定居植物群落数量分类与排序分析

应用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA),对山西大同永定序煤矸石山自然定居植物群落生态关系进行研究,将该矸石山81个样方划分为13个群丛,分别位于不同的海拔高度.DCA二维排序较好地验证了自然定居植物群落类型及优势种的分布与环境因子之间的关系,样方的DCA排序和优势种的DCA排序说明了矸石山表层养分含量、坡向是影响自然定居植物群落分布和变化的主要环境因子.81个样方的物种多样性指数与DCA第一、二轴的特征值有很好的相关性,说明了表层养分含量、坡向对矸石山自然定居植物群落的物种多样性影响显著.     

潞安矿区煤矸石山水土流失特征及植被恢复关键技术

为了有效解决煤矸石山的生态恢复治理,采用径流小区观测法研究了风化煤矸石山水土流失变化特征及植被恢复,结果表明:裸露或植被稀少的矸石山边坡、林地边坡径流量分别与30 min雨强、45 min雨强最相关;沿坡长方向从上到下土壤抗冲指数呈现出先减小后增大的趋势;植物根系丰富,边坡比裸露边坡土壤抗冲性强;煤矸石山植被恢复成功的关键技术措施是细致整地、改良土壤,选择抗旱耐瘠薄植物种,确定适宜的栽植密度。研究成果为矿区废弃地有效治理提供了科学依据。     

汾河临汾段湿地植被的数量分类和排序

采用双向指示种分析法(TWINSPAN)和除趋势对应分析法(DCA)对汾河临汾段湿地植被做了分类和排序研究.TW INSPAN分类将湿地植被82个样方分为16个群丛,论述了各群丛的群落学特征.DCA排序结果反映了植物群落类型与环境梯度之间的关系,表明影响群丛分布格局的主导生态因子为土壤水分和海拔高度.     

阜新海州露天煤矿排土场植被与土壤环境关系

为研究煤矿排土场植被恢复与重建过程中植被与土壤的关系,以阜新海州排土场为例,应用DCCA排序分析方法研究植被和土壤环境关系,排序图显示第一排序轴与pH和速效K呈负相关关系,而与速效P、速效N、有机质、全N、电导率呈正相关关系,第二排序轴与速效P、电导率和速效N呈正相关,与其他土壤因子负相关.植被种类的分布象限表明刺槐(Robinia pseucdoacacia)排土场较为恶劣的土壤环境中生长良好.综合分析认为:在阜新海州排土场植被恢复初期适合种植的乔木物种为刺槐(Robmia pseucdoacacia),随着植被恢复和停止排矸年限延长,土壤环境改善,植被种类增多,猪毛蒿(Artemisia scoparia)等草本植被生长良好.     

自燃煤矸石对环境植物的影响研究

煤矸石的堆存不仅占用土地,而且由于自燃对周边环境和植被造成很大程度的损害。通过对矸石山治理前后周围空气质量监测及植被情况的调查,得出对矸山污染敏感及抗污染植物种类,同时得出矸山治理后自然植物可侵入的结论。     

晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被数量分类与排序研究

在群落样方调查的基础上,采用TWINSPAN等级分类和DcA排序相结合的方法,对晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被群落进行了植被数最分类与排序分析.TWINSPAN分类将晋西北丘陵风沙区人工植被87个样方109个种划分为11个群丛,并论述了各群丛的特征.分类结果很好地反映了植物群丛类型与环境梯度之间的关系,并在DCA二维排序图上得到了较好的验证,DCA排序轴反映了海拔、坡向和土壤水分的梯度变化,结果表明海拔、坡向和土壤水分是决定群落分布的主导因子.     

植被与环境关系的分析Ⅱ：CCA和DCCA限定排序

本文介绍两个限定排序方法:CCA和DCCA通过对Aber山谷植被与环境关系的分析,表明限定排序在研究植被和环境关系上优于DCA,其中DCCA好于CCA,因为它消除了“弓形效应”的影响。在描述群落之同关系上,DCA则优于限定排序。     

阜新矿区矸石废弃地立地质量的研究

为了提高矿区废弃地生态恢复效果，通过典型抽样方法对矿区废弃地立地质量进行了调查研究。结果表明：阜新矿区废弃分为矸石山和排土场两大类型。随着停止排矸年限的增加，土壤理化性状逐渐改善。根据停止排矸年限将矸石山分为四种立地类型：停止排矸7年以内为Ⅰ类，7～15年为Ⅱ类，15-25年为Ⅲ类．25年以上为Ⅳ类。不同类型废弃地具有不同的生态前建途径，除Ⅰ类矸石山不能造林外，其他类型都可进行造林．但受立地质量影响，造林成活率有显著差异。研究成果对生产实践具有重要的指导意义。     

阜新煤矿区次生裸坡土壤抗冲性比较分析

为探讨煤矿区次生裸地边坡的稳定性,采用野外调查、取样和室内实验分析相结合的方法,对阜新矸石山和排土场的土壤性状和抗冲性进行比较分析。结果表明:煤矿区次生裸坡土壤的不稳定因素较多,受环境影响极易发生次生地质灾害。其抗冲性最初较弱,随着时间的推移,抗冲性有增强趋势。与排土场相比,矸石山有机质含量偏高,植物恢复的营养因素较好。矸石山上坡位是工程措施治理的重点,中下坡位是植被恢复的重点。     

米拉山植物群落数量及海拔梯度与物种丰富度变化格局分析

文章以西藏林芝地区工布江达县境内的米拉山作为研究地点,采用双向指示种分析(TWINS-PAN)法、除趋势对应分析(DCA)法对米拉山东西坡10个海拔带的45个植物样方进行分析,同时对米拉山东坡与西坡的群落结构特征和转换后的物种丰富度(TSR)沿海拔梯度的变化格局进行了比较。TWIN-SPAN分类结果显示:米拉山东坡植被可分为6个群丛,与DCA排序结果不甚对应,西坡植物被分为8个群丛,与DCA排序结果基本一致。东西坡植物群落的垂直分布差异很大,东坡植被自然带较高,西坡植被自然带较低且植被类型复杂;东西坡TSR的海拔梯度格局也有很大差异,东坡高海拔带TSR最高,呈现出随海拔升高TSR升高的趋势,西坡高海拔带TSR最低,呈现出随海拔升高TSR降低的趋势。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.