用超临界CO2络合萃取法脱除中成药中的重金属

研究影响超临界CO2络合萃取中成药中重金属的主要因素.以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸二乙铵(Et2NH2DDC)为络合剂,研究了压力、温度、携带剂(乙醇)用量和萃取时间等因素的影响.结果表明,对Pb, As, Cu的萃取存在最适宜萃取温度且各不相同,其最适宜萃取温度依次升高; 而汞的去除率随温度升高而下降.压力升高和携带剂用量增加使铜的去除率增加,但对As, Hg, Pb的去除影响不明显.除Pb外, As, Hg, Cu的去除率随萃取时间的延长而升高.因此,主要因素是萃取时间和适宜的萃取温度,压力和携带剂用量的增加有利于加快对微量重金属的萃取速度.该研究可为去除中成药中痕量重金属提供最佳工艺条件.     

用超临界CO_2络合萃取法脱除中成药中的重金属

研究影响超临界 CO2 络合萃取中成药中重金属的主要因素。以二乙基二硫代氨基甲酸二乙铵 (Et2 NH2 DDC)为络合剂 ,研究了压力、温度、携带剂 (乙醇 )用量和萃取时间等因素的影响。结果表明 ,对 Pb,As,Cu的萃取存在最适宜萃取温度且各不相同 ,其最适宜萃取温度依次升高 ;而汞的去除率随温度升高而下降。压力升高和携带剂用量增加使铜的去除率增加 ,但对 As,Hg,Pb的去除影响不明显。除 Pb外 ,As,Hg,Cu的去除率随萃取时间的延长而升高。因此 ,主要因素是萃取时间和适宜的萃取温度 ,压力和携带剂用量的增加有利于加快对微量重金属的萃取速度。该研究可为去除中成药中痕量重金属提供最佳工艺条件。     

重金属污染土壤化学萃取修复技术影响因素分析

研究了重金属污染土壤化学萃取修复技术中一些关键因素对重金属萃取效率的影响．研究发现,腐殖酸对Cu和Zn在萃取剂中的溶解有促进作用,而对Pb和Cd有阻碍作用;粘土比砂土中的重金属更难于被萃取出来;酸性过强的土壤容易使EDTA发生质子化,从而降低其萃取能力;EDTA对Pb和Cd,OA对Cu和Zn分别表现出了强的萃取能力;生物表面活性剂可以作为添加荆来提高重金属的萃出效率。     

杭州地区猪粪重金属含量及形态分布的初步研究

研究了杭州地区猪粪重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd含量及Cu、Zn化学形态分布．结果显示,重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd平均含量分别为330．36mg／kg,485．74mg／kg,18．99mg／kg和0．59mg／kg,参照德国腐熟堆肥重金属限量标准,存在严重的Cu超标现象,样本超标率为55．6％;其次为Zn,样本超标率为11．1％,Cd样本超标率5．6％,Pb无超标现象;超标样品中以集约化养殖场猪粪为主;重金属污染猪粪Cu、Zn化学形态分布均以铁锰态为主．     

用络合剂萃取MSW焚烧炉飞灰中的重金属

讨论了2种氨羧类络合剂EDTA和DTPA对MSW(城市固体废物)焚烧炉飞灰中Zn,Pb,Cu 3种有害重金属的络合萃取过程,分析了影响络合萃取效率的主要因素——萃取反应时间、溶液pH和络合剂浓度。结果表明,在溶液pH 3~10范围内用浓度为1.5%的EDTA和DTPA处理飞灰20 h时,大约90%的Zn,80%的Pb和60%的Cu被萃取。络合萃取的飞灰残渣溶出试验表明,残渣中重金属含量远低于指导值。络合剂处理后的飞灰能满足填埋的要求,络合剂对MSW焚烧炉飞灰中重金属的去除是有效的。     

大气颗粒物中重金属的形态分析与迁移

采用连续化学浸提萃取法,研究了广州市白云区大气颗粒物(TSP)样品在模拟酸雨和湖水条件下重金属元素Cu、Pb和Zn的形态迁移和变化．结果表明：大气颗粒物中Cu、Pb和Zn的总含量在模拟酸雨浸泡后大幅降低,但Cu和Pb的可交换态的量略有增加,Zn主要以残渣态存在;大气颗粒物经湖水浸泡后,Cu和Pb的总含量基本不变,Cu由残渣态向铁锰氧化物结合态及有机物结合态转化,Pb由可交换态转化为其他形态,Zn大部分以溶解态转移到湖水中．     

连云港南海域沉积物重金属分布及其潜在生态风险评价

根据2013年3月份和10月份连云港南海域11个站位沉积物重金属(Cu,Zn,Pb,As,Cd,Hg)的调查数据,重点分析了重金属含量时空分布特征,采用Hakanson潜在生态风险指数法对重金属潜在生态风险性进行评价.结果表明:从空间分布来看,3月份6种重金属含量空间分布总体趋势均为河口区＞倾倒区＞养殖区,10月份Cu,Zn,Pb,As的分布规律一致,即倾倒区＞河口区＞养殖区,倾倒区Cu,Zn,Pb,As,Cd 5种重金属分布均有由倾倒区中心向外含量逐渐降低的规律,说明倾倒的疏浚物是该海区重金属污染的重要来源;从时间上看,多数站位重金属含量3月份数值高于10月份;调查区内重金属的潜在生态风险指数均小于40,表明该海域表层沉积物重金属对海洋生态系统的潜在危害风险低;3月份各重金属对该海域潜在生态危害顺序为Hg＞Cd＞As＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn,10月份为Hg＞As＞Cd＞Cu＞Pb＞Zn;养殖区重金属生态风险指数均较低,这对该区海水养殖提供了重要参考.     

化学淋洗技术修复重金属污染土壤的田间试验

采用野外大田试验,选择稻草秸秆厌氧发酵、稻草秸秆好氧发酵、氯化钾(KCl)和醋酸(HAc)对某地重金属污染农田进行化学淋洗,经过120 d的处理,试验结果表明:相比较原始土壤pH(4.78),4种淋洗剂对农田土壤pH影响均较小,KCl降低土壤pH的幅度最大(4.65),其次HAc(4.72),好氧发酵、厌氧发酵和空白pH值相近。比较4种淋洗剂对土壤中重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn)去除效果,KCl对土壤中重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn)去除效果最好其中,KCl对Cd的去除率是19.20%,对Pb的去除率是6.84%,对Cu的去除率是7.56%,对Zn的去除率是15.94%。HAc对土壤中重金属(Cd、Pb、Cu和Zn)去除效果不明显。     

南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属污染调查

为了解南京莫愁湖沉积物中重金属的含量、污染程度,应用电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱分析仪(ICP-AES)对沉积物中Cd,Cr,Cu,Mn,Ni,Pb,Zn等7种重金属的含量进行分析,并应用地累积指数法计算各种重金属的污染指数,评价各种重金属所引起的污染程度。分析结果表明:莫愁湖沉积物中重金属含量由大到小的排列顺序为:Mn,Zn,Pb,Cu,Cr,Ni,Cd;应用地累积指数法计算得出莫愁湖表层沉积物中主要重金属污染元素为Cd,处于偏重的污染程度,其次为Pb,Zn,污染程度为轻度污染,而Cr,Cu,Mn和Ni没有引起污染,处于清洁状态;沉积物垂向上Mn和Zn含量变化较大,主要的重金属污染元素为Cd,Pb,Zn。     

重金属离子捕捉剂的合成与研究

利用低分子量多胺物质与环氧氯丙烷开环聚合,再接枝二硫化碳制得废水重金属捕捉剂．通过一系列实验条件的控制、聚合物平均分子量及接枝数目的控制合成了目标产物．采用外添法检测对Pb（II）,Mn（II）,Ni（II）,Cu（II）和Zn（II）的捕捉量．所合成废水重金属捕捉剂对100rng／LPb（II）,Mn（II）,Ni（II）,Cu（II）和Zn（II）废水的去除率达到99％以上．并讨论了重金属捕捉剂投加量、pH值及Pb（II）,Mn（II）,Ni（II）,Cu（II）和Zn（II）共存条件对捕捉剂去除率的影响．结果表明：重金属捕捉剂投加量为3．5～4．5mg／L时,处理后的水即可达到国家排放标准;PH值为6～9时,重金属捕捉剂处理效果较好．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to