解理断裂机制

解理断裂是典型的脆性断裂 ,解理断裂也是一个裂纹萌生和扩展的过程 ,其机制与位错和晶粒有关。应力的大小和晶粒的尺寸影响解理断裂。细化晶粒可抑制脆性断裂。     

解理断裂微观准则的研究

对三点弯曲预裂纹试样断口形貌、裂尖附近微孔及残留裂纹进行了观察,并用有限元方法计算了裂尖应力应变场。结果表明,解理点距裂尖存在一个最小距离,在此距离内三轴应力度过低,仅能形成微孔而不能形成解理微裂纹,RKR模型中表述的特征距离并不存在。最小韧性取决于在最小距离上满足解理所需的最小载荷。解理的临界事件是由启裂的第二相尺寸的微裂纹向周围基体的扩展。韧性值的分散和脆性粒子在裂央前的随机分布及微观解理断裂应力的波动有关。     

C-Mn钢裂尖区解理断裂行为的研究

对C-Mn钢三点弯曲裂纹试样进行了实验和有限元计算,分析了裂尖断裂行为.研究结果表明在达到某一临界载荷前,裂尖只发生简单的钝化,并且在裂尖前端满足解理断裂三个判据的不同区域是相互分离的.因此形核的裂纹因不能扩展而不能引发解理断裂.随外载荷增加,高于这个临界载荷时,小裂纹在裂尖处形核、扩展,随后被钝化.此时裂尖前端的塑性应变被保留下来,但是三向应力度被释放掉,随后又重新建立,从而使得三个区域相互靠近.在第二个临界载荷下,三个判据都满足的区域相互重叠,解理裂纹形核并扩展.可以在裂纹形核区域和裂纹扩展区域刚要重叠的那一瞬时,决定解理断裂的最小距离.结合解理断裂的三个判据,裂尖断裂行为及由其产生的断裂驱动力参数(εp,σm/σe和σyy)的相应变化为钢的解理断裂在细观上提供了一个完整的物理模型.     

微观组织对高速车轮钢解理断裂应力的影响

利用不同奥氏体化温度和冷却速率对碳质量分数为0.54%高速车轮钢进行热处理,得到具有不同晶粒尺寸和珠光体片间距微观组织的试样.在-120~20℃温度下对具有不同微观组织的拉伸试样和三点弯曲(3PB)缺口试样进行测试;采用二维平面应变有限元计算三点弯曲缺口试样缺口前的应力分布;利用扫描电镜对3PB试样断口进行观察并测量解理起裂源的位置;测定不同微观组织车轮钢试样的解理断裂应力.在扩展控制断裂机制下,微观组织对车轮钢的解理断裂应力具有明显影响,晶粒尺寸和珠光体片间距越小解理断裂应力越高.细化晶粒使未扩展微裂纹的特征长度减小,细化珠光体片间距有助于提高珠光体的有效表面能,从而使得解理断裂应力提高.     

C-Mn钢及焊缝金属的缺口和裂纹试样的微观断裂行为

本文通过起裂源粒子的特征和尺寸分布、裂源处显微组织和残留裂纹的尺寸分布情况,研究了C-Mn钢和两种焊缝金属的Charpy V,COD和预制裂纹冲击试样的微观断裂行为。发现焊缝中的解理裂纹形核于夹杂物或第二相粒子,母材形核于珠光体团;对于同一材料用缺口试样和裂纹试样测得的微观解理断裂应力的不同值是由于断裂过程中临界事件发生了变化。在-45～-65℃范围内,Charpy V 缺口试样中的临界事件是铁素体晶粒尺寸的微裂纹扩展进入铁素体基体;而在-110℃的裂纹试样中,是第二相粒子尺寸的微裂纹扩展进入临近的铁素体晶粒。临界事件的变化认为与缺口根部和裂纹前端不同的有效剪应力有关。建立Charpy V 和COD实验结果之间关系的条件是有关材料铁素体晶粒和第二相粒子的尺寸应当是类似的。     

WCF－62钢微观断裂过程的研究

采用不同裂纹深度试样及不同类型缺口试样对ＷＣＦ－６２铜下平台及转变区的微观断裂过程进行了研究。在下平台区，断裂为应力控制的Ｋ主导过程，裂纹及缺口试样解理的临界过程分别为第二相尺寸及贝氏体束宽度的微裂纹向周围基体的扩展。在转变区，随延性裂纹扩展，裂端三轴应力度增加，裂端主应力的提升由应力强化与应变强化两个因素决定，延性裂尖宽度变化及解理点在裂尖前的分布均具有随机性，从而导致韧性值的分散。     

关于温水超载机理的一种解释

本文采用关于解理断裂的最大局部拉伸应力理论,用最大局部拉伸应力与压力的关系曲线定性地说明带裂纹试样经温水超载后表观解理断裂应力提高的原因.并定性解释LCF(加载-冷却-加载迄至断裂)比LUCF(加载-卸载-冷却-加载迄至断裂)循环的效果好.     

焊缝缺口试样解理断裂统计分析和断裂模型

通过大量４ＰＢ试样解理断裂力学和断口参数的统计，发现在缺口前端发生于峰值应力左侧的断裂几率大于右侧，并且随温度的降低发生于左侧的几率增加，解理起裂在离开缺口根部的一个最小距离处才能发生，在某一距离范围内断裂几率最大。通过对上述现象的分析提出缺口试样的解理断裂须满足两个条件，即缺口根部的塑性应变ε＿ｐ大于材料中薄弱环节的起裂塑性应变ε＿（ｐｃ），使解理微裂纹形核；最大正应力σ＿（ｙｙ）大于薄弱环节的解理强度σ＿ｆ，使微裂纹扩展。缺口试样的解理断裂有起裂控制的情形，基于新的断裂物理模型，分析了对起裂点位置的统计结果，以及材料微观断裂力学参数对断裂行为的影响。     

长期高温高压氢暴露对CrMo钢断裂韧性和裂纹行为的影响

选用CrMo钢经400℃, 20 MPa, 10 h氢暴露后进行拉伸、断裂韧性和疲劳试验.结果表明:CrMo钢已经发生了氢腐蚀,氢蚀使CrMo钢强度、塑性和断裂韧性均有所降低,也使断裂机制由韧窝型转变为解理脆性.氢蚀使疲劳裂纹扩展行为也发生了变化,疲劳裂纹扩展速率增加,降低.CrMo钢氢蚀后,随应力比增加,疲劳裂纹扩展门槛值大幅度降低.     

铜钼奥贝球铁疲劳断裂初探

分析了低合金化铜钼奥贝球铁弯曲疲劳源，其主要分布在试样边缘，由夹杂物和显微孔洞引起．疲劳裂纹扩展符合F-R模型，瞬时断裂区表现为准解理断裂．     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to