纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸储存稳定性研究

用锐钛型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸,通过乙酸和丁醇的酯化反应研究了储存时间、储存条件和浸水后对纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸催化活性的影响.结果表明纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸在空气中放置60 d,其催化反应的酯化率仍可达到90.3%.     

SO4^2-／ZrO2-TiO2／La^3＋催化合成己二酸二辛酯

以La3 掺杂得到的固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2/La3 为催化剂,用单因素和正交实验分析诸因素对酯化率的影响,优选合成己二酸二辛酯的工艺条件,并用红外光谱进行表征.结果表明,在每0.1 mol己二酸中催化剂用量为0.35 g,酸醇的量比n(酸)∶n(醇)为1∶3,回流分水2 h的条件下,酯化率可达99.32%.固体超强酸SO42-/ZrO2-TiO2/La3 具有良好的催化活性高,可重复使用.     

纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸的催化活性研究

利用不同晶型、不同粒径的纳米TiO2制备了纳米级So42-/TiO2固体超强酸,研究了硫酸浓度和焙烧温度对纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸催化活性的影响.反应的最佳条件是:使用锐钛型TiO2,用1.00mol/L硫酸浸泡,450℃焙烧.反应酯化率达到98.4%.     

稀土纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La^3＋催化合成富马酸二甲酯

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La^3＋（I）催化剂,主要研究了它的制备条件及作为催化剂在合成富马酸二甲酯（DMF）中的反应条件,并用正交设计实验法确定了合成反应的最佳条件。实验结果表明,稀土纳米固体超强酸SO4^2-/TiO2-La^3＋具有很强的催化活性,在催化剂焙烧温度550℃,反应物富马酸与甲醇摩尔比1：6,催化剂用量1．5％（反应物总质量）,反应时间6h条件下,DMF的收率达到93％以上。     

稀土固体超强酸SO42-/TiO2-CeO2催化合成乳酸丙酯的研究

为了探讨α-羟基酸酯化反应机理,制备了一种稀土固体超强酸催化剂SO42-/TiO2-CeO2,并对其催化合成乳酸丙酯的最适宜反应条件和催化反应动力学进行了研究.实验表明:Ce4 改性的钛系固体超强酸催化剂与单纯使用稀土硫酸盐或钛系固体超强酸相比,具有更高的催化活性;以苯为带水剂,在酸醇摩尔比为n(乳酸)∶n(正丙醇)=1∶2.0的条件下,催化剂用量为1.0 g.0.1 mol-1(乳酸),反应温度为120℃,反应时间120 min,酯化率达到了96.5%.     

纳米级SO42-/TiO2和S2O82-/TiO2固体超强酸的性能

用锐钛矿型纳米TiO2制备了纳米级SO42-/TiO2和S2O82-/TiO2固体超强酸.分析结果显示:纳米级SO42-/TiO2固体超强酸具有较高的酸强度、较大的比表面积、较强的红外光谱特征吸收峰,对乙酸和丁醇的酯化反应有较高的催化活性.     

SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2/La3+催化合成己二酸二辛酯

以La3 掺杂得到的固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2/La3 为催化剂,用单因素和正交实验分析诸因素对酯化率的影响,优选合成己二酸二辛酯的工艺条件,并用红外光谱进行表征.结果表明,在每0.1 mol己二酸中催化剂用量为0.35 g,酸醇的量比 n(酸)∶n(醇) 为1∶3,回流分水2 h的条件下,酯化率可达99.32%.固体超强酸SO2-4/ZrO2-TiO2/La3 具有良好的催化活性高,可重复使用.     

稀土固体超强酸SO2-4/TiO2/La3+催化合成苯乙酸丁酯

研究了以固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2/La3+为催化剂,苯乙酸和正丁醇为原料合成苯乙酸丁酯,并考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明,醇酸比为2.01,催化剂用量为2%(苯乙酸为0.2mol的情况下),带水剂甲苯为15mL,反应时间为3.0h是最适宜的反应条件,酯化率达98.5%.     

苹果酯合成工艺研究

研究了合成苹果酯的催化剂固体酸SnCl4/C、固体超强酸SO2 -4/Fe2 O3 、SO2 -4/TiO2 /La3 + 、离子交换树脂的催化效能。从中筛选出最佳催化剂———固体超强酸SO2 -4/TiO2 /La3 + 。使用该催化剂进行苹果酯合成的最佳工艺条件为 :当乙酰乙酸乙酯和乙二醇的用量分别为 0 1和 0 2mol时 ,催化剂用量为 2g ,带水剂苯的用量为 15mL ,反应时间为 2h ,酯化产率达到了 84 7%。     

稀土固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2/La3+催化合成苯乙酸丁酯

研究了以固体超强酸SO24-/TiO2/La3+为催化剂,苯乙酸和正丁醇为原料合成苯乙酸丁酯,并考察了影响反应的因素.结果表明,醇酸比为2.0:1,催化剂用量为2%(苯乙酸为0.2 mol的情况下),带水剂甲苯为15 mL,反应时间为3.0 h是最适宜的反应条件,酯化率达98.5%.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with