我国草地植物根际研究展望

根际(Rhizosphere)是土壤—植物生态系统物质交换的活跃界面。在农业和林业领域,对植物根际已经开展了大量研究,但是对草地植物的研究仍然少有报道。草地植物物种丰富,生态系统复杂,要对草地生态系统的物流有正确的认识,根际这一土壤-植物界面是重要的方面,需要对草地植物根际开展研究。文章从植物根际矿质营养、根际微生物、根际分泌物等几个方面研究作一介绍,并总结农业和林业方面的根际研究热点,对草地植物根际的研究作一展望。     

典型草原4种植物根际水分和土壤养分特征研究

为了解北方农牧交错带典型草原恢复过程中主要植物根际土壤水分和养分的动态特征，本研究选择4种典型草原植物羊草（Leymus chinensis）、克氏针茅（Stipa krylovii）、冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）和星毛委陵菜（Potentilla acaulis）作为研究对象，采用实验室栽培模拟干旱胁迫的方法，研究4种植物在干旱胁迫处理过程中土壤水分含量的变化趋势以及植物根际土与非根际土的养分差异。结果表明：（1）干旱处理初期土壤水分含量均迅速下降，后期逐渐趋于平缓；羊草、冷蒿和星毛委陵菜等3种植物在干旱胁迫期间更容易在水分缺乏的不同时期出现根系水分提升现象，而且不同植物根际土壤水分提升现象在不同土层深度和不同干旱胁迫时间存在较大差异（P<0.01），羊草在干旱胁迫前期，而冷蒿和星毛委陵菜在干旱胁迫中期。（2）干旱胁迫的持续时间是影响土壤根际水分的最大影响因素，其次是植物物种和土层深度，而且三个因素的互作效应显著。（3）羊草、克氏针茅和星毛委陵菜根际土壤具有明显养分“集聚”现象。     

茶柿间作系统中茶树根际微环境的研究

以湖北省贺胜桥茶场的茶柿间作系统和纯茶园系统为研究对象,对两种系统中茶树根系分泌物中的氨基酸、酚、可溶性糖及有机酸进行了分析,同时测定了根际土壤pH和养分含量.结果表明:与纯茶园系统相比,间作系统中茶树根系分泌的氨基酸量增加了2倍,酚下降了45.45%,酚氨浓度比下降了81.82%,改善了茶叶品质;根系分泌有机酸的能力减弱,防止了土壤的进一步酸化;同时土壤的理化性质得到了改善,更适宜于茶树的生长,因此,茶柿间作系统从根际微环境这个角度来看也是一个理想的复合生态模式.     

石油污染土壤植物根际微生态环境与降解效应

利用大庆油田石油开采区的污染土壤作为供试土壤,选择紫花苜蓿和披碱草为供试植物,通过监测根系微生物活性、石油烃降解效率等指标,建立植物根际微生态环境生物和非生物因子之间的量化关系,揭示污染土壤石油烃降解效应和影响要素.研究结果表明,植物根系可改善污染土壤持水能力和微生物活性,与无根系土壤相比,提高含水率达10%. 植物根际微生物的数量高出1～2个数量级, FDA(荧光素双醋酸酯)活性高出0.29～0.36. 经过150 d的降解,植物根际油污土中石油烃的降解率比无根系土壤高 9.1%～15.5%. 污染土壤植物根际微生态环境对微生物活性具有诱导作用,有利于石油烃的降解和污染土层的生物修复.     

浅析植物根际有机阴离子外渗功能和原理

根际是指植物根部周围的土壤区局,它由根系的活动得以重建。在这个临界区域,植物对它们的环境做出感知和反应。作为正常生长和发展的结果,大范围的有机物和无机物在植物根系和土壤之间转变,这不可避免的导致了根际生物化学的和物理的改变。植物也会重建它们的根际,一次对某个环境的信号和压力做出反应。有机阴离子通常在这个区域内被检测到,它们从植物根系的渗出已经于营养不足及无机离子压力联合在一起。该文概述了对植物根系有机阴离子渗出的功能,原理,规则方面理解的新近发展。这里描述了在根际存在有机阴离子时植物所获的益处,生物技术增强有机阴离子渗出的潜能也是很突出的。     

六种红树植物原位根系及根际土酚酸总量比较分析

植物根系分泌物中酚酸类物质具有较强化感活性,但对红树植物相关研究很少,特别是对原位状况的研究。本研究采集广东湛江国家级自然保护区内六种建群红树植物的根系、根际土与非根际土样品,采用铁氰化钾与三氯化铁显色法进行酚酸总量的测定,对结果进行比较:红海榄根系酚酸总量最高,平均值为8 837.28μg/g。木榄根际土与非根际土酚酸总量平均值最高,分别为13.20μg/g、20.12μg/g。在18个样品中,只有8个样品根际土酚酸总量高于非根际土。根际土中酚酸含量有可能因微生物分解或土壤吸附及降解的综合作用而低于非根际土中含量。红树植物根系酚酸百分释放量很低,红海榄仅为0.0504%。该领域的研究对厘清红树林生态机制尤其是根系微生态的作用机制具有重要意义。     

植物根际细菌的促生机制

植物根际促生细菌是指生活在植物根系土壤的一类可促进植物对矿质营养的吸收和利用,并能抑制有害微生物从而促进植物生长的益生菌类。人们对植物根际促生细菌的作用机制进行了广泛深入的研究。对植物根际促生细菌的促生机制进行综述。     

根际微生物介导药用植物-土壤负反馈形成连作障碍的作用机制

连作障碍等植物-土壤负反馈现象会造成药用植物病害频发、品质下降等问题，根际微生物是药用植物-土壤负反馈过程中的重要参与者。讨论了连作条件下药用植物根系分泌物代谢对根际微生物区系的调控机制，以及根际微生物介导药用植物-土壤负反馈的连作障碍形成机制，明确了根际微生物在药用植物-土壤反馈中的核心调控作用以及与连作障碍形成的相关性，并以植物-土壤反馈为切入点，进一步系统探讨植物-土壤-微生物互作体系，提出从改进种植模式、探明分子机制、生物防治等方面减缓植物-土壤负反馈作用。     

根际微生物群落多样性在重金属土壤修复中的研究

植物根际微生物在植物修复重金属污染土壤时分泌的激素、铁载体、ＡＣＣ脱氨酶、黄酮类化合物和酚酸类等 有机物具有增强植物生长、促进植物根际对重金属吸收、转运和积累的作用,同时促进适应相应根际环境的功能微 生物群落的建立．文章结合作者课题组的研究结果,概述根际微生物在植物修复重金属污染土壤过程中的作用,总 结了根际细菌、真菌、古菌在植物修复中的作用,进一步分析了土壤污染类型、改良剂、根际植物的种类等对根际微 生物活动的影响,对今后植物修复重金属污染土壤过程中与根际微生物作用相关的研究进行了展望．     

非根际土壤中丛枝菌根网和碳酸钙互作对香樟幼苗氮磷养分的影响

为考察非根际土壤中丛枝菌根网(后简称菌根网)和碳酸钙互作对香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)幼苗氮磷养分的影响，模拟构建了植物根际和非根际隔室装置，采用尼龙网隔离实现根际与非根际隔室菌根网互联，在根际隔室中种植香樟幼苗并接种丛枝菌根真菌，在非根际隔室施加或未施加外源碳酸钙，培养期结束后测定植物生物量和氮、磷含量。结果显示：菌根网对香樟幼苗植株生物量，氮、磷摄取量及氮磷比有明显影响；施加碳酸钙明对幼苗植株氮含量、氮摄取量及氮磷比有明显的影响；在施加碳酸钙后菌根网明显提升了幼苗植株生物量，氮含量及氮、磷摄取量，叶片氮、磷摄取量和根的氮磷比；在菌根网存在时施加碳酸钙可明显提高植株氮含量、根和叶的氮摄取量以及根的氮磷比；菌根网与碳酸钙的交互作用明显影响了幼苗植株氮含量，氮、磷摄取量和氮磷比，但对幼苗植株生物量无明显影响。研究结果提示非根际喀斯特土壤中互联菌根网和碳酸钙相互作用能够促进植物对氮磷养分的吸收利用。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to