福建省一次典型的冰雹大风强对流过程分析

利用常规加密气象观测资料、新一代天气雷达资料、NCEP再分析资料,对2016年4月26日福建省内陆出现雷雨大风和冰雹等强对流天气过程的触发机制、中尺度特征、雷达回波特征进行分析。结果表明,此次过程中低层冷暖空气发生强烈交汇,具备经典的斜压大气结构特征。中低层低槽、切变线东移,切变南侧华南到福建西北部存在低空西南风急流,急流轴东传过程中在低层急流左前侧形成强的上升运动;配合低层暖脊、中层冷槽的热力不稳定条件;26日白天下湿、上干的水汽垂直结构;在低层切变和地面冷锋东移南压的触发作用下,在850hPa切变线附近与低空急流之间出现了强对流天气。中尺度系统快速东移触发线状对流系统在东移过程中产生雷雨大风,其前方激发的超级单体风暴产生冰雹天气。对流层中层有明显的干冷空气卷入是产生雷雨大风的重要原因之一;低层径向速度大值区、中层径向辐合是雷雨大风出现的雷达回波特征。合适的0℃和-20℃层高度利于冰雹(大冰雹)的产生;高悬的强反射率因子核、宽广的WER,旁瓣回波的出现及VIL值的跃增则是冰雹出现的雷达回波特征。     

多源探测资料在一次冰雹天气分析中的综合应用

利用风廓线雷达、地面加密自动站资料和多普勒雷达等非常规观测资料以及NCEP再分析资料,对2019年4月25日发生在莆田的一次冰雹过程进行分析,探讨多源探测资料在冰雹天气预报预警中的应用。结果表明,(1)500hPa低槽、低层切变线和地面冷空气是冰雹发生的主要影响系统,不稳定层结、中低层切变线、高低空急流和地面辐合线提供了有利的热动力、水汽条件。(2)冰雹发生前期有强的热力不稳定和对流性不稳定,过程结束后层结趋于稳定。冰雹落区和最有利抬升指数BLI及CAPE值大值区对应较好。降雹前垂直速度中心值的出现和相对湿度的垂直分布对冰雹有指示意义。(3)风廓线雷达水平风资料可以反映风场的演变。中低层增强的垂直风切变在临近时刻对于冰雹的触发有重要作用,此次过程0～3km垂直风切变化明显。(4)地面辐合线对未来对流的发生、发展和移动方向有重要的指示意义,强回波出现在中尺度辐合线形成后0.5～1h。(5)雷达产品对冰雹的发生有较好的预警意义。     

新疆石河子垦区沙漠边缘地带冰雹天气的多普勒天气雷达产品预警指标初探

利用2006~2015年新一代多普勒天气雷达资料等资料,运用统计学、雷达气象学等方法分析研究了新疆石河子垦区沙漠边缘地带的冰雹天气的多普勒天气雷达产品特征,初步建立了冰雹天气的多普勒雷达产品的预警指标。春季对流云的雷达回波中心强度为45d Bz,回波顶高度为7km,-20℃等温线以上超过45d Bz的反射率因子的出现;夏季对流云的雷达回波中心强度为50d Bz,回波顶高度为8km,-20℃等温线以上超过45d Bz的反射率因子的出现。逆风区和正负速度对的出现对冰雹天气预警有一定指导作用。垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)的跃增,VIL中心值大于15kg·m~(-2)时,对流性天气降雹的概率较大,VIL值的大小与冰雹的直径成正比,其高值区范围的大小与降水量成正比。中尺度气旋产品、冰雹指数HI产品和1h累积降水量等产品和雷达组合反射率因子、垂直累积液态水含量(VIL)结合使用时,对冰雹天气的预警有一定的指导意义。     

“20110629”云南特大区域性冰雹天气过程分析

综合利用1°×1°NECP再分析资料、MM5数值模拟资料、多普勒雷达资料和闪电资料,对2011年6月29日发生在云南的特大区域性冰雹天气过程进行动力诊断、雷达回波和地闪特征分析.研究结果表明:此次天气过程是西北气流携带冷平流与西移的热带低压外围高能高湿气流相互作用先后触发的一个中-γ尺度对流风暴和中-β尺度的飑线造成的.侵入的东北风与西北风发生碰撞、辐合促进了对流的发展;冰雹发生前中低层有对流不稳定能量的聚积,对流系统发展到成熟阶段时对流不稳定能量达到峰值;垂直风切变的加强使得高低层发生能量交换,激发对流不稳定能量的释放,促使强对流天气的爆发,垂直上升运动最大值的高度在冰雹临近时高于0℃层高度,利于冰雹天气的形成;冰雹发生前500 hPa有冷平流输送,存在"冷心"结构,冰雹临近时"冷心"高度有明显上升;风暴的整个生命史具有非常低的地闪频数;风暴在成熟期,正地闪有一个突然集中发生的阶段,正地闪的百分比明显增加,对应着地面强天气的发生.     

对河南省安阳市一次强对流天气的多普勒雷达资料的分析

利用濮阳雷达站的新一代多普勒雷达产品,结合高空和地面观测资料,分析了2013年8月11日傍晚出现在豫北地区(安阳)的一次强对流天气过程.结果表明:这次天气以是灾害性大风为主,伴随有雷电和短时强降水,局地还有冰雹出现的强对流天气;此次强对流的主要影响系统有副热带高压、500 hPa低槽、中低层切变线和地面冷锋,低层垂直风切变和较强的层结不稳定有利于弓形回波的产生;反射率因子图显示系统为一个典型的弓形回波带,顶部回波最强,同径向速度图均表现出明显的"V"型缺口;雷达资料分析表明,中尺度涡旋(M)、垂直液态水含量(VIL)和回波顶高度值(ET)对雷雨、冰雹和地面破坏性大风等强对流天气有很好的指示作用.     

华南北部冰雹天气的多尺度分析

利用高空、地面等常规气象资料和雷达、自动站等气象观测资料,以及NCEP FNL分析资料,对华南北部一次冰雹天气进行多尺度分析,以探讨、总结这次冰雹天气过程形成、维持、发展成因及异同。结果表明:1)本次冰雹天气过程是在南支槽前、中低层切变线以及地面倒槽的形势背景之下发生的;中层干空气的夹卷、强垂直风切变和辐合抬升有利于冰雹天气发生;中高层干冷、低层暖湿的层结配置,导致大气层结的不稳定;高空辐散以及中层急流的配置,为冰雹天气过程提供了有利的动力条件; 2)相较而言,湖南南部的整体环境条件更为有利,对对流风暴有组织发展、冰雹的形成有明显的增强作用;而江西南部中上层极干,加上强的垂直风切变,和高层辐散强抽吸作用,有利于对流风暴的强度维持; 3)本次冰雹天气过程雷达回波特点明显。回波单体剖面出现了在过山阶段初为成熟阶段超级单体回波形态,而过山时变为悬空、不接地的单体初生回波形态的现象;超级单体回波的基本反射率图上,呈现出特殊的形状为细长型的类双弓形回波。     

“2013.03.19”冰雹飑线天气过程分析

利用常规气象探测资料和多普勒天气雷达产品,对2013年3月19日在江西发生的一次强冰雹天气过程从天气形势、雷达回波演变特征等几个方面进行了综合分析。结果表明:本次飑线天气过程是在江西省典型天气形势背景下发生的,深厚的高空低槽、低层切变、地面处江南倒槽中。本次天气过程前,水汽条件充足,储备了大量的不稳定能量;这次冰雹天气出现在对流不稳定层结条件下,0℃层和-20℃层的高度适宜。多普勒雷达能很好地监测冰雹天气的发生发展演变过程,大于60 d BZ强回波区和悬垂结构及逆风区的出现,垂直累积液态含水量(VIL)增加等都对冰雹天气的出现具有指示意义。     

中国天眼“FAST”所在地两次大冰雹天气过程的对比分析

利用常规气象资料、NCEP-FNL分析资料、新一代多普勒雷达和FY-2F卫星TBB资料,对比分析了近5年"中国天眼(FAST)"所在地的贵州省平塘县发生的2次大冰雹天气过程的环境场和物理量特征.结果表明:高空冷槽、低层低涡-切变线及中低空强盛的急流是2次大冰雹过程的共同环流特征;较强的不稳定层结、低层较丰富的水汽、一定的抬升条件是2次冰雹天气的共同物理量特征.但2次大冰雹过程的触发机制有所不同,"04.09"过程由地面辐合线触发对流引起,而"03.04"过程是静止锋冷垫之上触发的高架雷暴. 0℃层和-20℃层出现在适宜的高度有利于雹粒的增长,0℃层和-20℃层的厚度较小但垂直温度梯度较大,更有利于形成大冰雹. SWEAT、CAPE指数对冰雹天气有很好的指示意义,降雹前的指数高值中心与冰雹落区吻合,且指数数值越大,冰雹的直径亦越大.较强的垂直风切变也是这2次大冰雹过程重要的影响因子.     

雷达回波反射率垂直剖面图的冰雹识别方法

为了更加准确地识别冰雹天气,对某地区2005—2010年间24个冰雹过程和19个暴雨过程的825个雷达样本数据进行了分析处理,建立了基于雷达回波反射率垂直剖面图的冰雹自动识别的客观模型.在分析冰雹云体形成机理和结构的基础上确定最佳剖线,并用插值法生成雷达回波反射率垂直剖面图,通过图像处理方法,提取特征数据(强回波(45,d BZ以上)与0,℃和-20,℃温度层的高度差、弱回波区和有界弱回波区的宽度和高度).然后采用粗未选集理论数据挖掘方法对相关特征数据进行处理,建立了自动识别冰雹天气的客观模型.测试结果表明:该识别模型的判别规则对28个冰雹天气过程的383个样本的正确识别命中率是82.77%,可有效地识别和预报冰雹,有助于减轻冰雹灾害天气造成的损失.     

青藏高原上空对流云特征的初步分析

利用常规地面观测资料、高空资料以及卫星云图资料,通过2010年7月与2011年7月的云图对青藏高原及周边地区对流云和中尺度对流系统的活动进行初步研究,分析了青藏高原上空对流云的特征.结果表明:①青藏高原上的对流过程是在特定的环流背景下受西风带500 hPa低槽、700 hPa切变线、850 hPa低涡以及地面图上中尺度低涡和地面静止锋的共同影响造成的;②对流云产生不仅与水汽条件有关,还与不稳定层结条件和抬升力条件即触发机制有关;③对流云的发生发展具有明显的日变化.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to