甜菜坏死黄脉病毒新疆分离物外壳蛋白基因的原核表达载体和植物表达载体的构建

将克隆入ｐＧＥＭ７ｚｆ（＋）的甜菜坏死黄脉病毒（ＢＮＹＶＶ）新疆分离物外壳蛋白（ＣＰ）基因的ｃＤＮＡ的ｐＧＥＢ３，用ＸｂａＩ切下，Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切下ｃＤＮＡ片段。用ＮｄｅＩ切开原核表达载体ｐＪＷ２，用Ｋｌｅｎｏｗ补平，再用ＢａｍＨＩ切去小片段。将该ｃＤＮＡ与ｐＪＷ２大片段用Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＮＹＶＶＣＰ基因的表达载体ｐＪＷＢ４，转化到大肠杆菌ＤＨ５α。经培养和高温诱导，ｐＪＷＢ４成功地表达出了ＢＮＹＶＶ的外壳蛋白。将ｐＧＥＢ３和ｐＢＩ１２１用Ｘｂａｌ和ＢａｍＨＩ酶切Ｔ４连接酶连接，构建了ＢＹＶＶＣＰ基因的植物表达载体，转化到ＤＨ５α，筛选出正向连结的阳性克隆ｐＢＩＢ３，转化入农杆菌ＬＢＡ４４０４（ｐＡＬ４４０４），经用ＰＣＲ扩增和γ３２Ｐ标记的探针杂交约证实为阳性克隆。往甜菜植株中转化工作正在进行中。     

在大肠杆菌中利用反义RNA抑制乙肝病毒（HBV）X基因的表达

将乙肝病毒（ＨＢＶ）ａｙｗ株完整的Ｘ基因正向重组到原核表达质粒ｐＢＶ－２２１的ＰＬ启动子下游，得到能表达Ｘ蛋白的重组质粒ｐＢＶ－ＨＢＶ（＋）；同时将Ｘ基因反向重组到原核表达质粒ｐＢＶ－２２０的ＰＬ启动子下游，得到能转录Ｘ基因反义ＲＮＡ的重组质粒ｐＢＶ－ＨＢＸ（－）。利用这两个质粒，构建出能同时转录Ｘ基因ｍＲＮＡ和反义ＲＮＡ的重组质粒ｐＥＸ。ＡＮ－ＨＢＸ，并在原核水平上，证实了反义ＲＮＡ对Ｘ基因的表     

小白菜苏云金牙孢杆菌CryIB基因的遗传转化

用限制ＳｐｈＩ和ＥｃｏＲＩ消化质粒ｐＢＹＴＥＳｐ１０１－１和ｐＢＱＸ,将ｐＢＱＸ上的经发行过的苏云金芽直菌杀虫晶体蛋白基因ＣｒｙＩＢ取代ｐＢＹＴＥＳｐ１０１－１上的ＧＵＳ基因,得到一个中间克隆ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－１。用限制酶ＨｉｎｄⅢ消化质粒ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－１,回收含ＣｒｙＩＢ基因的５．１ｋｂＤＮＡ乍段,插入质粒ｐＢＩＮ１９的Ｈｉｎｄ０２８３位点,构建成具卡那霉素抗性的植物表达载体ｐＢＩＷＩＱ－５．ＥＴ     

形成多角体家蚕重组病毒通用转移载体构建

从家蚕核型多角体病毒（ＢｍＮＰＶ）通用转称载体ｐＢＫ２８３和粉纹夜蛾核型多角体病毒（ＴｎＮＰＶ）转移载体ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＋Ｘ３系列出发，构建了一个７．２ｋｂ能形成多角体且可以用于克隆含不同读码框外源基因的ＢｍＮＰＶ通用转移载体系列ｐＢＭＸ３．ｐＢＭＸ３系列以ＢｍＮＰＶ多角体结构基因上游的１．９ｋｂ和下游１．３ｋｂ的片段作为与ＢｍＮＰＶ基因组进行体内同源重组的同源序列；ｐＳＸＩＶＶＩ＋Ｘ３系列的ＳＸＩＶ双启动子用于外源基因的表达；ＡｃＮＰＶ的多角体基因作为重组病毒形成多角体的基因．以ＢｍＮＰＶ－ＬａｃＺ（ｏｃｃ－ｇａｌ＋）为出发株病毒，ｐＢＭＸ３系列的重组病毒筛选有ｏｃｃ＋和ｇａｌ－两个遗传标记     

—3位碱基对HBVc基因在昆虫细胞中表达的影响

应用ＰＣＲ定点突变技术,分别扩增出－３位碱基是Ａ或Ｔ的乙肝病毒核心抗原基因ｃ１,ｃ２,平端克隆到自行构建便于ＰＣＲ产物克隆的通用载体ｐＢｌｕｅｏＳ中后,利用经ＰＣＲ引物在ｃ１及ｃ２末端引入的酶切位点,切出ｃ１,ｃ２基因,构建出ｐＸ３－ｃ１和ｐＸ３－ｃ２．在Ｓｆ９细胞中瞬时表达ｃ１,ｃ２基因,乙肝核心抗原放免检测结果表明,两种形式的ｃ基因的表达无明显差异．说明－３位是否为Ａ对ｃ基因在昆虫细胞中的表达量没有影响．     

带有绿色荧光蛋白基因（gfp）的植物重组表达质料 …

利用ＤＮＡ重组技术,将经定点突变改造的绿色荧光蛋白基因（ｇｆｐ）克隆到植物表达载体ｐＢＩ－１２１中,成功地构建了植物重组表达质粒ｐＢＩ－ＧＦＰ。     

人rabl3基因克隆和表达

以人的胚胎ｃＤＮＡ为模板，用ＰＣＲ方法筛选获得ｒａｂ１３基因，并克隆到真核表达载体ｐｃＤＮＡ３和原核表达载体ｐＧＥＸ、ｐＥＴ－１５ｂ和ｐＭＡＬ－ｃ２中，把ｒａｂ１３基因转染入牛肾上腺毛细血管内皮细胞（ＢＣＥ细胞）中，免疫荧光染色显示Ｒａｂ１３定位于ＢＣＥ细胞胞质内膜性细胞器上，在为ｒａｂ１３基因对膜通道调节功能的进一步研究打下了基础。     

方差分量生长曲线模型中回归系数线性估计的泛容许性

讨论了方差分量生长曲线模型： Ｙ＝ Ｘ１ Ｂ Ｘ２′＋ ε Ｅ（ε） ＝ ０ Ｖａｒ（ Ｖｅｃ（ε）） ＝ ＷθΣ＝ ∑ｍｉ＝ １ θｉ Ｖｉ Σ其中 Ｙ、ε为ｎ ×ｐ 的随机矩阵; Ｘ１、 Ｘ２ 分别为ｎ ×ｋ、ｐ ×ｑ 的设计矩阵; Ｖｉ ≥０, ｉ＝１,２,…,ｍ ; Σ≥０已知; Ｂ、θｉ ≥０（或＞ ０）, ｉ＝ １,２,…,ｍ 都是参数。在损失函数（ｄ － Ｋ Ｂ Ｌ）（ｄ － Ｋ Ｂ Ｌ）′下我们给出了可估函数 Ｋ Ｂ Ｌ的线性估计的泛（Φ） 容许性定义, 得到了 Ｍ Ｙ Ｎ（ Ｍ Ｙ Ｎ ＋ Ｃ） Ｋ Ｂ Ｌ的泛容许性估计的充要和充分条件     

枯草杆菌强基因启动子DNA片段的序列分析

对利用基因启动子探针型载体ｐＳＵＰＶ２,从枯草杆菌ＡＳ１．３９８中克隆３个稳定的具有强启动功能的ＤＮＡ片段,进行限制酶切分析发现,ｐＢＳＵ２２和ｐＢＳＵ４３中的插入片段小于０．２ｋｂ,ｐＢＳＵ４４中的插入片段为３ｋｂ。测定结果表明,３个插入片段中都有较为典型的原核生物基因启动子序列,其中ｐＢＳＵ２２和ｐＢＳＵ４３的插入序列几乎完全相同。２     

一个含有玉米器官专一性启动子的表达质粒的构建

报道了玉米醇溶蛋白基因启动子的亚克隆以及利用该启动子和ＧＵＳ基因来构建表达质粒ｐＨＺＰ－ＧＵＳ。经过部分降解和亚克隆,得到玉米醇溶蛋白基因启动子,将该启动子与含ＧＵＳ基因编码序列和ＮＯＳ终止子的ＢａｍＨ Ｉ片段连接,构成融合基因。将该融合基因克隆到含有ＨＰＴ筛选标记基因的质粒ｐＧＬ２中,得到表达质粒ｐＨＺＰ－ＧＵＳ。     

Disease-tolerance of transgenic tobacco plants expressing Ah-AMP gene of Amaranthus hypochondriacus

An antimicrobial peptide gene from Amaranthus hypochondriacus, Ah-AMP, was amplified by PCR and cloned. Sequence analysis results revealed that this gene is 261 bp in length encoding a precursor polypeptide of 87 amino acid residues. Ah-AMP gene was inserted in the binary vector pBin438 to construct a plant expression vector pBinAH916. Leave explants of Nicotiana tabacum var. SR1 were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring the above expression vector. Results from PCR, Southern and Northern blot analyses confirmed that the Ah-AMP gene had been integrated into the tobacco genome and was transcribed at mRNA level. Two bacterial-resistant transgenic plants were selected by inoculating the plants with Pseudomonas solanacearum and statistic analysis of two T1 lines showed that the resistance increased by 2.24 and 1.62 grade and the disease index decreased by 49.6% and 37.3% respectively when compared with the non-transformed control plants SR1. The results from challenging the plants with inoculums of Phytophthora parasitica showed that the symptom development was delayed and disease index was significantly reduced. These results suggest that Ah-AMP gene may be a potentially valuable gene for genetic engineering of plant for disease-resistance.     

Coat protein gene and 3′ non-coding region of tobacco mosaic virus and tomato mosaic virus are associated with viral pathogenesis in Nicotiana tabacum

The camellia isolate of tomato mosaic virus (ToMV-TL) can induce local necrotic lesions on the inoculated leaves in Nicotiana tabacum, whereas the broad bean isolate of tobacco mosaic virus (TMV-B) produces the mosaic symptom on systemic leaves. To examine viral determinant for differential infection phenotype in N. tabacum, the coat protein gene and the 3′ non-coding region of TMV was replaced with that of ToMV, the chimeric virus induced similar local necrotic lesions to that induced by ToMV. The results indicate that the coat protein gene and the 3′ non-coding region of TMV and ToMV influence the virus-induced pathogenesis in N. tabacum.     

一个烟草PR-1a启动子的克隆及序列分析

通过PCR扩增，从烟草Nicotiana tabacum cv Samsun中克隆了水杨酸诱导表达的病程相关蛋白PR-la基因的启动子TP12，以期用于构建诱导表达基因敲除系统，并用于无性繁殖植物的无标记基因转化。启动子的克隆产物经正反两向测序后，拼接分析结果表明，扩增得到的PR-1α基因启动子长1313个碱基，序列富含AT，其中A T占71．67％，与已报道的序列比较，核苷酸的相似性为98．6％。     

烟草内源细胞分裂素变化与植株形态发育的初步研究

农杆菌介导将异戊烯基转移酶基因(isopentenyl transferase,ipt)导入烟草SD株系的叶肉细胞,经过抗性筛选和鉴定,获得转基因植株.酶联免疫吸附(ELISA)测定叶片内源玉米素核苷(ZR)、异戊烯基腺苷(iPA)和吲哚乙酸(IAA)的质量分数.结果表明:转基因株系的ZR和iPA的质量分数w不同程度地升高,IAA水平随之升高.高水平细胞分裂素导致叶片的气孔密度增加、气孔长度和花型大小减小,以及花粉萌发率降低.当w(iPA+ZR)与w(IAA)的比值大于2时,成年植株上部侧枝茎端生长发育异常,出现丛生状小叶.本文讨论了细胞分裂素水平和细胞分裂素与生长素的比值对转基因烟草生长发育的影响.     

草莓多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因RNAi植物表达载体的构建及表达鉴定

从草莓叶片中克隆到多聚半乳糖醛酸酶基因的1个281bp片断,构建含该正、反向互补重复序列DNA片段的中间载体,经测序证实连接正确后,克隆到植物表达载体p2300121中的GUS基因位置并经双酶切证实,得到RNAi表达载体。采用直接转化法将PG2300121导入根癌农杆菌菌株EHA105,并用新构建的工程菌对普通烟草进行了遗传转化研究。在Kanamycin选择压力下获得的烟草转化不定芽和完整植株,经PCR方法鉴定,证实了该基因已导入烟草基因组中。     

Light-inducible and chloroplast-associated expression of a chimaeric gene introduced into Nicotiana tabacum using a Ti plasmid vector

A chimaeric gene, consisting of the 5'-flanking region of a member of the Pisum sativum gene family encoding ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase linked to the coding region of a bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene, has been introduced into the genome of the plant Nicotiana tabacum using a Ti plasmid of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. The expression of the chimaeric gene is light-inducible in chloroplast-containing transformed tissue.     

Plant polar growth in tobacco disturbed by y-tubulin gene silencing

To further understand the functions of y-tubulin in plant cells, we conducted a study in which the y-tubulin gene was down-regulated in tobacco plants (obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method). This involved transforming the target fragments, in which the sense and antisense partial y-tubulin cDNA fragments were ligated together, into Nicotiana tabacum var. Samsun NN. The y-tubulin down-regulated transformants developed multiple meristems or branches with trumpet-shaped leaves; their root generation also appeared abnormal, with the taproots undeveloped, whereas lateral roots were developed. In addition, the content of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and expression of polarity transportation vector PGPI were aberrant. These results suggest that y-tubulin gene silencing disturbed the polar growth of tobacco plants, and that this phenomenon was probably correlated with the IAA content and the polar transpor-tation process.     

Direct measurement of the transfer rate of chloroplast DNA into the nucleus

Gene transfer from the chloroplast to the nucleus has occurred over evolutionary time. Functional gene establishment in the nucleus is rare, but DNA transfer without functionality is presumably more frequent. Here, we measured directly the transfer rate of chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) into the nucleus of tobacco plants (Nicotiana tabacum). To visualize this process, a nucleus-specific neomycin phosphotransferase gene (neoSTLS2) was integrated into the chloroplast genome, and the transfer of cpDNA to the nucleus was detected by screening for kanamycin-resistant seedlings in progeny. A screen for kanamycin-resistant seedlings was conducted with about 250,000 progeny produced by fertilization of wild-type females with pollen from plants containing cp-neoSTLS2. Sixteen plants of independent origin were identified and their progenies showed stable inheritance of neoSTLS2, characteristic of nuclear genes. Thus, we provide a quantitative estimate of one transposition event in about 16,000 pollen grains for the frequency of transfer of cpDNA to the nucleus. In addition to its evident role in organellar evolution, transposition of cpDNA to the nucleus in tobacco occurs at a rate that must have significant consequences for existing nuclear genes.