汉语数码语音识别中一种新的抗噪声特征参数

为了提高中小词汇量语音识别系统在噪声环境下的识别性能,以10个汉语数码语音为对象,利用汉语数码语音信号区别于噪声信号的准周期特性,提出了一种汉语数码语音频谱包络峰值特性的提取方法,首先用基频对语音频谱采样得到由谐波值构成的包络以提高信噪比,然后再对所得包络进行峰值提取得到汉语数码语音的峰值特征。实验结果表明,在信噪比大于5dB时,用该方法得到的峰值特征具有一定的抗噪性。     

用于周期分解语音活动检测的基频提取方法研究

介绍了基于语音信号周期分解的语音活动检测算法.传统语音活动检测算法在动态低信噪比背景噪声环境下的效果很不理想,这主要是因为传统方法中提取的能量与过零率等检测特征针对的是平稳噪声,对信噪比的变化很敏感.而本文介绍的周期分解语音活动检测方法能较好地解决这个问题,因为语音信号中浊音段的周期性是区别一般噪声信号的重要特征,并且该特征受背景噪声类型和信噪比变化的影响小.在周期分解语音活动检测方法中,基频提取的准确性对最终检测性能有很大影响.针对此情况,提出了自相关、循环均值幅度差分和YIN三种基频提取算法相融合的方法.实验结果表明,在背景噪声为白噪声、汽车噪声、嘈杂人声以及信噪比0dB,5dB,10dB的情况下,该方法相对单一基频提取算法,可以有效提升基频提取与周期分解语音活动检测的准确性.     

病变语音信号的谐波噪声比分析

文章介绍了用噪音中谐波分量一噪声分量的比值来客观定量地评估桑音嘶哑程度的方法，并对提取谐波噪声比（ＨＮＲ）的具体算法做了分析讨论，实验和临床使用表明，这个声学参数能够很好地反映了病变语音的特性，具有重要的应用价值。     

柔性喉振传感器及其在语音识别中的潜在应用

随着物联网技术的飞速发展，语音数据的价值越来越为人们所看重.近二十年来，语音识别技术取得显著进步，开始从实验室走向汽车工业、通信产业、智慧医疗、智能家电和家庭服务等消费电子的各个领域.作为语音识别系统的语音采集手段之一，喉振式麦克风(喉振传感器)与传统空气传导麦克风不同，直接采集喉部振动信息转换成电信号使得喉振传感器具备优异的抗噪声性能，在复杂环境以及无声通信、残障关怀等领域有广阔的应用前景.本文从柔性喉振传感器的工作原理出发，详细阐述了其在喉振式语音识别技术中的应用和发展趋势，并讨论了喉振传感器在发展中所面临的挑战.     

融合语音增强与后续补偿的抗噪声语音识别方法

为了提高基于隐含Markov模型的语音识别系统在噪声环境中的稳健性,研究了一种融合语音增强与后续补偿的抗噪声语音识别方法.在前端,语音增强有效地抑制背景噪声,从而提高了输入信号的信噪比.语音增强后的剩余噪声以及语音失真是对语音识别不利的因素,其影响将通过识别阶段的并行模型合并或特征提取阶段的倒谱均值归一化得到补偿.实验结果表明,此方法能够显著地提高语音识别系统在噪声环境中,特别是低信噪比条件下的识别精度,如对-5 dB的自噪声,该方法可将识别精度从11.7%提高至71.0%.     

基于能量和鉴别信息的语音端点检测算法

为提高实时通信中语音端点检测系统的性能,提出了一种基于能量和鉴别信息的端点检测算法。该算法利用帧信号的能量、子带信号的能量等参数,计算该帧信号与噪声帧基于子带能量分布概率的鉴别信息。算法通过利用鉴别信息,能够在包括语音帧在内的所有帧中更新噪声的能量,从而更准确地跟踪噪声能量的变化。实验结果表明:与基于能量的端点检测算法相比,该方法在信噪比变化比较剧烈的情况下仍然能够较准确地进行端点检测,在0~10 dB范围内变化的坦克噪声环境中,准确率比后者提高约24%。     

基于谱减的语音增强算法的改进

为降低噪声对语音通信的干扰,提出了一种基于谱减的语音增强算法的改进方法。根据噪声频谱的G auss统计模型修正语音增强过程中噪声频谱的估计方法,利用帧内、帧间约束估计每一个频点的先验信噪比,提出了一种简便的估计语音在每一个频点出现的概率的方法,得出了修正的语音增强算法。在白噪声以及坦克噪声环境中分别对算法的性能进行测试。实验结果表明:在几乎不损伤语音清晰度的前提下,该算法使“音乐噪声”得到了更好的抑制,同时信噪比提高了约8 dB以上。     

混合蛙跳算法神经网络及其在语音情感识别中的应用

该文将混合蛙跳算法(SELA)优化方法应用于人工神经网络训练中,对6种语音情感进行了语音情感特征的分析与识别。研究了谐波噪声比特征随情感类别的变化特性。利用混合蛙跳算法训练随机产生的初始数据优化神经网络的连接权值,快速实现了网络收敛。实验比较了BP神经网络、RBF神经网络和SFLA神经网络的语音情感识别性能。结果表明,SFLA神经网络的平均识别率分别高于BP神经网络和RBF神经网络4.7%和4.3%。     

不同直径下声门腔内准稳态流场分布及其与发声参量的关系

以嗓音康复工程为背景,以病理语音为重点,采用研制的具有嵌入式可活动声门结构的喉部物理模型,研究了声门直径从0.1～4.0mm变化过程中,不同发声周期内声门腔内压力速度场与声门阻抗、声门气流、跨声门压等各参量的变化及其相互关系,以及与由此引起的发声效率等语音参数之间的关系.同时,运用三维有限元方法对各种情况下各类参量的变化进行了仿真,计算结果有力地支持了实验数据.结果表明,声门直径过小时,气流分离点变化过强,分离区域减小及由过高的声门阻抗所引起的气流流量减小是导致发声失常的根本原因,而声门直径过大时,Coanda效应减弱及其所导致的气流分离点变化不灵敏、分离区域过大及压力速度场变化程度减弱等因素和由此带来的能量损耗,是引起发声效率降低,声门上共振峰畸变,信噪比下降的直接原因.     

一种基于小波变换的语音增强新方法

根据随机噪声的小波变换系数在不同尺度上的传递特性和噪声信号奇异性与小波模极大值的关系，提出用一个随尺度变化的软阈值来抑制带噪语音信号在不同尺度上的噪声小波系数的语音增强方法．实验结果表明：该方法既能减小语音畸变，又能有效地去除噪声，具有较好的语音增强效果．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…