燃烧型焊条焊接A3钢的研究

基于燃烧合成技术的燃烧机理和焊接母材的成分配制焊药．并成形可用于手工操作的燃烧型焊条．对A3钢进行焊接实验。通过对焊接试件的力学性能测试和金相分析,结果表明,焊接试件的结合方式为冶金结合．且焊缝合金凝固时析出第二相,提高焊缝合金的性能,使得试件的抗拉强度（σb）达到370MPa,抗弯强度（σf）达到1100MPa,成功实现燃烧型焊条对A3钢的焊接。     

铸态和沉积态Al-25Si-5Fe-3Cu合金的显微组织与相形成

采用常规铸造和喷射成形工艺制备了含硅达25%(质量分数)的过共晶Al-Si合金,利用SEM(EDS)、XRD和DSC等分析方法对合金的显微组织和相熔解析出进行了分析研究.结果表明,铸态合金含有粗大块状初晶Si相和粗大针片状含铁相,而喷射成形工艺能够使二者的尺寸、形貌发生改变而有利于合金性能的提高.同时,铸态和沉积态合金中均含有基体Al、初晶Si和Al2Cu相,不同的是铸态合金中含铁相主要为δ-Al4FeSi2相,而沉积态合金中以β-Al5FeSi相为主.分析其原因主要是糊状层的存在引起沉积坯冷却速度降低而导致沉积坯中发生δ-Al4FeSi2相的转变及共晶组织增加,致使沉积态合金中β-Al5FeSi相为主要含铁相.采用DSC实验对沉积态合金在熔化和凝固过程中发生的反应进行了讨论.     

时效处理对Cu-Cr-Ti合金组织与性能的影响

由于高强、高导Cu-Cr-Zr合金在工业化生产熔炼时不易控制Zr的收得率,通过采用Ti替代Zr,以期获得易熔炼以及性能与Cu-Cr-Zr合金相当的时效强化型Cu-Cr-Ti合金。采用真空感应熔炼技术,经过热锻、固溶、冷轧、时效共4道工序,制备了Cu-Cr-Ti合金板材;对时效后的Cu-Cr-Ti合金的组织状态、析出相形态、析出相与基体的界面关系进行了分析;对合金的抗拉强度和导电率进行了测试。结果表明：450 ℃时效60 min后,Cu-0.45Cr-0.14Ti合金的综合性能最佳,抗拉强度和导电率分别达到620 MPa和64.9 %IACS;Cu-0.45Cr-0.14Ti合金中纳米尺寸的Cr强化相呈现椭圆形和双花瓣形,2种形状的析出相粒子均为面心立方结构,且均与基体保持完全共格关系。     

拉应力对6N01铝合金蠕变时效组织与性能的影响

采用单轴蠕变拉伸试验研究6N01铝合金蠕变时效后组织与性能的变化规律,并结合金相(OM)、扫描电镜(SEM)和透射电镜(TEM)的组织分析与维氏硬度、室温拉伸的力学性能分析,研究蠕变过程中加载的拉应力对6N01铝合金组织与性能的影响。研究结果表明:在180℃/6 h的蠕变时效条件下,加载60 MPa拉应力的试样室温拉伸抗拉强度最大,为341.6 MPa;蠕变时效处理时,加载应力小于60 MPa的试样抗拉强度略比加载应力为60 MPa的试样抗拉强度低;当加载拉应力大于60 MPa时,合金抗拉强度明显下降;当加载拉应力超过60 MPa时,会引起铝基体中析出相粗化,甚至析出相的分布出现应力位向效应,导致合金性能各向异性严重,综合性能变差。     

工艺参数和时效处理对选区激光熔化AlSi8Mg3合金组织和力学性能的影响

选区激光熔化（SLM）技术可实现复杂金属零部件的直接近净成形，在航空航天等领域具有广阔的应用空间，然而目前SLM成形Al–Si–Mg合金主要基于传统铸造合金成分，强度较低，缺乏针对SLM技术熔体急冷特点的专用Al–Si–Mg合金新成分的设计。基于此，本研究针对SLM的技术特点，通过增加合金中镁元素的含量，设计了SLM专用高镁含量AlSi8Mg3合金新成分，并系统研究了工艺参数和时效处理对选区激光熔化AlSi8Mg3合金组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明，AlSi8Mg3样品具有良好的SLM加工性能，合金的最低孔隙率为0.07%。在高激光功率（190 W）下制备的样品中，由于在SLM加工过程中高强度本征热处理导致Mg₂Si纳米粒子从α-Al基体中析出，使得样品具有较高的Vickers硬度。样品的最大显微硬度和压缩屈服强度分别达到HV（211 ± 4）和（526 ± 12）MPa。经150°C时效处理后，由于纳米析出相数量的增多，样品的最大显微硬度和压缩屈服强度分别提高到HV（221 ± 4）和（577 ± 5）MPa，远高于目前已知大多数SLM成形的铝合金。本研究为优化SLM成形Al–Si–Mg合金的力学性能提供了新的思路。     

Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金力学性能与组织演变

为了提高合金的力学性能，通过微合金化的方法设计了一种新型超轻Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金，通过熔铸、均匀化、多向锻造和异步轧制工艺获得了细晶镁合金板材。采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、扫描电子显微镜、能谱仪等表征手段研究了合金微观组织的演变，利用拉伸试验机测试了合金变形前后的室温拉伸性能，研究了不同状态下合金的力学性能，讨论了合金力学性能与微观组织转变的影响因素。结果表明，在铸态Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金中存在着α-Mg基体和Mg₂Sn、AlLi、Al₂Y和Al₂Er等第二相颗粒，多向锻造和异步轧制组合工艺有效地细化了Mg-3.0Li-2.0Al-2.0Sn-1.0Y-0.5Er合金的晶粒，使合金的平均晶粒尺寸减小到7.15 μm，室温下的抗拉强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别提高至255 MPa、220 MPa 和24.9%。     

微量Yb对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr超高强铝合金的强韧化作用

通过拉伸性能和断裂韧性测试、扫描电镜断口分析、金相和透射电镜观察,研究添加微量Yb对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu-Zr超高强铝合金(7A60合金)的显微组织和力学性能的影响;根据合金的显微组织特征,分析添加微量Yb对合金强韧化的作用机理.研究结果表明:在7A60合金中添加0.3%Yb后,形成的含Yb共格弥散相,基体保持形变回复组织,基体晶内未形成明显的亚晶组织,抑制了基体再结晶;与7A60合金相比,添加0.3%Yb的合金拉伸断裂时沿晶界和亚晶界分布的二次裂纹明显减少,沿晶界断裂抗力提高;抗拉强度%从710 MPa提高至747 MPa,屈服强度σ0.2从684 MPa提高至726 MPa,断裂韧性KIC从21.6 MN/m3/2提高至29.3 MN/m3/2.     

Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金微合金化的研究进展

就单一合金元素及复合多种合金元素对Al-Zn-Mg-Cu系铝合金的铸态组织、析出相、力学性能及腐蚀性能的影响进行综述。单独加入稀土元素Er,Ce,Ho,Sc等,可以净化基体,使合金熔铸缺陷明显减少,细化晶粒,促进合金元素在基体中的固溶,使晶界减少偏析;单独加入微量的Zr,可以提高合金的再结晶温度,抗拉强度,应力腐蚀能力;复合添加稀土及其他微量合金元素,对提高铝合金的综合性能更为有效。     

Zr_(42)Co_(58)合金的微观组织和力学性能

利用X射线衍射仪、金相显微镜、万能试验机和扫描电镜等仪器研究在不同热处理温度下的Zr_(42)Co_(58)合金的微观组织、力学性能和断裂机制。结果表明,在723 K和773 K热处理合金的相组成和铸态合金的相组成相同,基体为塑性相B2相,在基体上析出大量的B33相,且B33相相对含量随着热处理温度的增加而减少。铸态合金和热处理合金的组织形貌中,B33相的形状呈等轴状、条状和枝状,其中,等轴状颗粒和条状组织尺寸范围分别为5~15μm和20~100μm。在773 K进行热处理,合金屈服强度为1287 MPa,而断裂强度为1443 MPa,塑性应变为2.27%,维氏硬度为597 HV。再对断口进行分析,铸态合金和在723 K下热处理合金断裂机制均为延性断裂,而在773 K下热处理合金断裂机制为解理断裂。     

Mg-Sn合金化与固溶-时效行为的研究现状

作为具备良好发展前景的可时效强化镁合金，Mg-Sn合金通过Mg₂Sn相析出强化、固溶强化与细晶强化获得了优异的性能。与Mg-Zn、Mg-Al主要镁合金相比，Sn在Mg中的固溶度较好，析出强化效果优异；另外，Mg₂Sn相的熔点高达771.5 ℃，使Mg-Sn合金成为非稀土系列的低成本耐热镁合金。从合金化、固溶-时效处理工艺分析总结了可时效强化Mg-Sn合金的研究进展，分析Mg-Sn合金时效行为的重要参数及其影响因素，主要目的为细化Mg₂Sn析出相或增加Mg₂Sn析出相数量；同时，对添加到Mg-Sn合金中的合金元素的固溶效果、细晶效果与形成三元强化相效果进行系统总结与分析，为Mg-Sn合金成分的设计和性能改善提供重要参考。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.