患小瓜虫病圆口铜鱼的组织病理学观察

多子小瓜虫（Ichthyophthirius multi filiis Fouquet，1876）主要寄生在圆口铜鱼的皮肤、鳍、颌须和鳃上．小瓜虫破坏鳃的程度分为3个层次：轻度，小瓜虫寄生在鳃上皮，鳃丝未发生粘连；中度，鳃丝发生粘连，鳃丝的基本形态仍可辨；重度，虫体大量寄生，鳃结构受到严重破坏，鳃丝基本形态以难以辨别．感染部位均有不同程度的上皮增生，形成白色囊泡；皮肤和鳃上的一些寄生部位糜烂，部分上皮缺失；鳍条被挤压变形，严重者鳍缺失．     

长吻Wei常见鱼病的防治

本文对我国特有经济鱼长吻Wei在人工繁殖和鱼苗培养过程中的常见鱼病的发生规律和防治进行了报导，并在试验的基础上提出也最佳药物及浓度，使鱼体常见的五种病原体，即寄生水霉，粗棘杜氏车轮虫，多子小瓜虫，粗钩似盘钩虫和鲤锚头蚤等得到基本控制。     

长吻鮠的寄生虫调查及其资源保护

我们对长江黄州江段的长吻鮠进行了初步调查,结果显示:长吻鮠只占鮠科鱼渔获量的1/18,且95%是二龄及以下的幼体.长吻鮠体内有三种蠕虫寄生,长江丽棘虫是优势种,鳔等睾吸虫和黄颡异钩棘头虫是首次在长吻鮠体内发现,鳔等睾吸虫对宿主的伤害十分明显.为此提出,加强科研,发展水产养殖是积极保护鱼类资源的有效方法.     

小鞘指环虫个体行为的观察研究

对小鞘指环虫寄生鲢鱼的个体行为进行了观察研究，结果发现该虫在寄生状态和自由状态活跃性有较大差异。其纤毛幼虫自孵出后，即开始活跃运动，并表现出对水流的敏感，同时对宿主鱼的鳃，鳞，鳍等有相似的趋向反应。     

寄生于鲮鱼(Cirrhinus nolitorella)粘孢子虫的一新种

1973—1983年间,作者在广东省珠江三角洲进行鱼病研究工作时,在鲮鱼的皮下结缔组织中发现一种粘孢子虫,经鉴定,应属于单极虫属(Thelohanellus)中的一新种。兹报导如下: 广东单极虫,Γhelohanellus guangdongensis sp. nov. 寄主:鲮鱼(Cirrhinus molitorella) 寄生部位:全体及鳍部真皮下的结缔组织及眼角膜等部位。     

侏罗纪的水中“吸血鬼”

最近,研究人员在我国著名的侏罗纪道虎沟生物群中发现了目前已知最古老的水生外寄生性昆虫——侏罗奇异虫.侏罗奇异虫很可能寄生于蝾螈鳃后部的皮肤或其他隐蔽部位吸食血液,是名副其实的侏罗纪水中“吸血鬼”. 寄生行为是指动物终生或生活史的某一时期附着在寄主的体内或体表,依靠摄取寄主的营养物来维持生存.寄生行为在现生的昆虫中很常见,相关研究也比较广泛,但其起源和早期演化及其与寄主的生态关系等问题长期以来鲜为人知.寄生昆虫一般分为体外寄生(外寄生)和体内寄生(内寄生)两类.由于其独特的习性,寄生昆虫很少能保存为化石.一些“寄生昆虫化石”也因缺少明确的寄生形态特征而备受争议.长期以来,化石证据的缺失严重阻碍了科学家探究地质历史中昆虫的寄生行为.     

牙鲆体表溃烂综合症病理组织观察

报道了牙鲆养殖过程中发生的体表溃烂综合症的病理组织变化，该的病原有盾纤类纤毛虫指状拟舟虫和致病菌兔莫拉氏菌，指状拟舟虫不仅寄生于牙鲆体表皮肤，鳍，亦可侵入腹腔，肾脏，肌肉，心脏甚至脑，兔莫拉氏菌大量寄生于心脏血液中，随血液循环至各组织器官，引起牙鲆肝脏，肾脏及脾脏组织病变，指状拟舟虫和兔莫拉氏菌共同导致牙鲆死亡。     

长吻(鱼危)幼鱼的生态效率初探

长吻鮠幼鱼的总平均生态效率为11.44%,饵料系数7.41;在适宜的温度范围内,随水温上升,幼鱼体重增加.生态效率增大.在24.9℃以上的适温范围内,幼鱼生长快;密度对幼鱼的生长有明显影响,适宜的放养密度,幼鱼生长快,在本试验条件下.最适密度是12尾/m~2.     

我国脊椎动物寄生棘头虫五新种

棘头虫是种类较少的一类动物,已知仅有950余种,在我国,Van Cleave(1918)最先报告了秉氏中吻棘头虫Centrorhynchus pinguis。Maxwell(1921)记载了寄生于猪的蛭形巨吻棘头虫。以后Van Cleave(1928,1936)又报告了我国鱼类、两栖类和爬行类动物寄生的钩头属种类;Harada(1935,1936)报告了我国台湾鱼类寄生的小钩吻属的种类;Morisita(1937)报告了山东青岛麻哈鱼寄生的长吻属的种类;Achmerov et al.,(1941,     

云南鱼类单殖吸虫六新种的记述

本文记述采自云南省鱼类的单殖吸虫指环虫科六新种.全模标本保存于华南师范学院生物系.文中量度以毫米计.1.戟形叉指环虫,新种(图1)寄主和寄生部位:湖四须鲃,鳃此虫后吸器几丁质结构近于Dicrodactylogyrus campoformis和Dic-rod.campaniformis,但差别在于雄性交接器、阴道、联结片等的结构不同.2.似恐龙指环虫,新种(图2)寄主和寄生部位:云南倒刺鲃,鳃本虫之后吸器几丁质结构和雄性交接器结构相似于D.spinibarbichthis,但支持器之结构、后吸器几丁质结构之量度不同.3.强壮指环虫,新种(图3)寄主和寄生部位:裂腹鱼,鳃本种中央大钩和联结片近于D.magnihamatus, 但大钩长度和交接器不同.又和已知寄生于裂腹鱼之种类均有别,故应为一新种.4.大口鱼指环虫,新种(图4)寄主和寄生部位:大口鱼,鳃本种之雄性交接器和阴道结构近于D.pseudoflagellicirrus,但支持器结构不同,中央大钩和联结片量度不同.5.潘指环虫,新种(图5)寄主和寄生部位:鲸 (鱼良)白鱼、未定种白鱼,鳃本种之中央大钩近于D.lamellatus,但雄性交接器之结构和长度不同.6. 清水海指环虫,新种(图6)寄主和寄生部位:未定种白鱼,鳃本种之中央大钩及雄性交接器近于D.squaliobarbi,但阴道结构和几丁质结构量度不同.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with