Depolarization Induced by Substance P on Rat Stellate Ganglion Neurons

应用细胞内生物电记录技术，观察神经肽Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）对大鼠星状神经节细胞的影响。ＳＰ在１μｍｏｌ～１０μｍｏｌ或更高的浓度范围内，供试３５个细胞，有２８个细胞发生膜除极反应。用低钙（０．２５ｍｍ）或用含河豚毒素（ＴＴＸ，１μｍｏｌ）克氏液灌流神经节，不影响ＳＰ引起的除极反应的幅度和时程。ＳＰ引起除极反应的同时常伴有膜电阻增大。当膜电位增大时，除极化反应幅度变小，反转电位为－８０ｍＶ至－１００ｍＶ。研究表明，ＳＰ对部分星状神经节细胞具有兴奋作用，使通过这些细胞的信息传递增强；ＳＰ对细胞膜的除极作用是由于其引起细胞膜钾导降低所致。     

P物质对大鼠星状神经节细胞的除极化

应用细胞内生物电记录技术,观察神经肽P物质(SP)对大鼠星状神经节细胞的影响.SP在1 μmol～10 μmol或更高的浓度范围内,供试35个细胞, 有28个细胞发生膜除极反应.用低钙(0.25 mm)或用含河豚毒素(TTX,1 μmol)克氏液灌流神经节,不影响SP引起的除极反应的幅度和时程.SP引起除极反应的同时常伴有膜电阻增大.当膜电位增大时,除极化反应幅度变小,反转电位为-80 mV至-100 mV.研究表明,SP对部分星状神经节细胞具有兴奋作用,使通过这些细胞的信息传递增强;SP对细胞膜的除极作用是由于其引起细胞膜钾导降低所致.     

副交感神经节细胞5─羟色胺去极化反应的离子基础

使用离体细胞内记录，研究了猫副交感性胰腺神经节细胞的５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）去极化反应及其离子基础。５－ＨＴ使大部份细胞（４７／５１）产生去极化反应。反应只有两种类型：快去极化（６／４７）及慢去极化（３５／４７），另有６个细胞出现先快、后慢的双相去极化反应；５－ＨＴ导致的快去极化伴有膜电阻减小，向细胞内通以超极化直流电形成条件性膜超极时其幅度增大，提示Ｎａ＋导增大是其离子基础；５－ＨＴ导致的不同细胞的慢去极化分别伴随膜电阻增大、减小或不变，条件性膜超极时其幅度分别增大或不变，提示不是单一离子、而是多种离子参与其形成。分别用低Ｎａ＋、高Ｋ＋溶液灌注神经节，５－ＨＴ慢去极化均明显减小，而低Ｃｌ－溶液则无明显效应，表明Ｎａ＋导增大和／或Ｋ＋导减少是５－ＨＴ慢去极化的离子基础。     

副交感神经节细胞5─羟色胺去极化反应的离子基础

使用离体细胞内记录，研究了猫副交感性胰腺神经节细胞的５－羟色胺（５－ＨＴ）去极化反应及其离子基础。５－ＨＴ使大部份细胞（４７／５１）产生去极化反应。反应只有两种类型：快去极化（６／４７）及慢去极化（３５／４７），另有６个细胞出现先快、后慢的双相去极化反应；５－ＨＴ导致的快去极化伴有膜电阻减小，向细胞内通以超极化直流电形成条件性膜超极时其幅度增大，提示Ｎａ＋导增大是其离子基础；５－ＨＴ导致的不同细胞的慢去极化分别伴随膜电阻增大、减小或不变，条件性膜超极时其幅度分别增大或不变，提示不是单一离子、而是多种离子参与其形成。分别用低Ｎａ＋、高Ｋ＋溶液灌注神经节，５－ＨＴ慢去极化均明显减小，而低Ｃｌ－溶液则无明显效应，表明Ｎａ＋导增大和／或Ｋ＋导减少是５－ＨＴ慢去极化的离子基础。     

用XPS研究Ti－15Mo合金在盐酸中钝化膜的组成

应用ＸＰＳ和电化学测量技术研究了Ｔｉ－１５Ｍｏ合金在７０℃４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液中，９００ｍＶ，２００ｍＶ和０ｍＶ恒电位阳极极化条件下形成的钝化膜。结果表明，Ｔｉ－１５Ｍｏ合金在７０℃４ｍｏｌ／ＬＨＣｌ溶液中钝化膜很稳定。在高阳极极化电位下（９００ｍＶ），钝化膜表层中贫Ｍｏ，而在低阳极极化电位下（２２ｍＶ，０ｍＶ），钝化膜表层有Ｍｏ的富集现象。钝化膜内含有较多的电解质阴离子Ｃｌ－，而旦分布很深，推测氯离子可能参加了膜的生成反应。     

PECVD法低温制备富氮的SiOxNy栅介质膜及其特性

在ＰＥＣＶＤ法低温制备优质薄膜技术中，改变衬底温度、反应室气压、混合气体组份，过以用退火致密工艺，制备富氮的ＳｉＯｘＮｙ栅介质膜样品，采用准静态Ｃ－Ｖ和高频Ｃ－Ｖ特性测试，俄歇电子能谱分析、椭偏谱仪检测，Ｉ－Ｖ特性测试，研究了该薄膜的电学、光学特性；探讨多种工艺制备条件对膜特性的影响，同时给出了制备该膜最优化工艺条件。经测定，用这种工艺条件制成膜的特性参数已中接近热生长ＳｉＯ２栅介质膜的水平。     

人胎颈交感节肽能神经元的免疫细胞化学的研究

取１６例２４～３２周龄的死亡人胎作材料，用免疫细胞化学方法，于光镜下观察到颈上神经节（简称颈上节）和星状神经节（简称星状节）中存在含血管活性肠肽（ＶＩＰ）神经元和纤维，含生长抑素（ＳＯＭ）神经元和纤雏以及含Ｐ物质（ＳＰ）纤维，但未发现含ＳＰ神经元。二节中的含ＶＩＰ神经元和含ＳＯＭ神经元形状多种，免疫反应染色深浅不等，颈上节以大、中型细胞为主，而星状节以中、小型细胞居多。上述神经元类型和分布未有明显的胎龄变化。结果揭示颈交感神经节中，含ＶＩＰ和含ＳＯＭ神经元在出生前已经发育。ＶＩＰ、ＳＯＭ和ＳＰ３种神经肽在胎儿期已作为神经传导物或神经调节物而发挥功能。     

用XPS研究Ti—15Mo合金在盐酸中钝化膜的组成

应用ＸＰＳ和电化学测量技术研究了Ｔｉ－１５Ｍｏ合金在７０℃４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ溶液中，９００ｍＶ，２００ｍＶ和０ｍＶ恒电位阳极极化条件下形成的钝化膜。结果表明，Ｔｉ－１５Ｍｏ合金在７０℃４ｍｏｌ／Ｌ ＨＣｌ溶液中钝化膜很稳定。     

脉冲式XeCl激光辐照a－Si∶H膜诱导晶化的研究

当脉冲辐照ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ膜的ＸｅＣｌ激光能量密度在２４０ｍＪ／ｃｍ￣２以上时，可引起被辐照膜发生明显的固相晶化；通过拉曼（Ｒａｍａｎ）散射谱、扫描电子显微照象（ＳＥＭ）和紫外（ＵＶ）分光光度吸收谱的实验，研究了不同辐照条件、不同膜厚及各种膜结构试样的晶化效果；还研究了使用ＣＯ＿２激光退火对被辐照膜的影响。结果表明，晶化膜的晶粒大小在０．１～１．０μｍ时，Ｒａｍａｎ位移为５１０ｃｍ￣（－１）～５１７ｃｍ￣（－１）、半峰高宽度为１０ｃｍ￣（－１）～１５ｃｍ￣（－１）；ａ－Ｓｉ∶Ｈ膜经ＸｅＣｌ激光辐照或ＣＯ＿２激光退火后，都会增强晶化膜的吸收效率。     

PVC膜铜（Ⅱ）离子选择性电极的研制及应用

用Ａｇ＿２Ｓ和ＣｕＳ以８∶１（或１４∶３）的比混合物做为活性物质，用邻苯二甲酸二辛酯（ＤＯＰ）为增塑剂。首次研制了非均相ＰＶＣ膜铜离子选择性电极，电极的能斯特响应范围为５．０×１０￣（－６）～１．０×１０￣（－２）ｍｏｌ·Ｌ￣（－１），平均斜率为３０ｍＶ／ＰＣＵ（２５℃），电极的重现性和稳定性都比较好，电极的寿命可达三个月。用试制的ＰＶＣ膜铜离子选择性电极测定了铜合金中铜的含量与经典法碘量法所得结果相吻合，还用试制的电极测定了标准精镁试样中微量铜的含量与标准值一致。     

星状神经节阻滞治疗支气管哮喘临床观察

目的：探讨星状神经节阻滞治疗支气管哮喘的疗效．方法：对近5年来接诊的23例支气管哮喘慢性持续期或急性发作的患者,用星状神经节阻滞的方法治疗．结果：23例支气管哮喘慢性持续期或急性发作的患者,用星状神经节阻滞的方法治疗,能迅速终止支气管哮喘的慢性持续期或急生发作,而经常发作的患者发作频率减小而症状也减轻,甚至不发作．结论：支气管哮喘的慢性持续期或急生发作的患者用星状神经节阻滞的方法治疗效果好．     

Effects of nitrogen ion implantation on Ca2+ concentration and membrane potential of pollen cell

The effects of low energy nitrogen ion implantation on Ca²⁺ concentration and membrane potential of lily (lilium davidii Duch) pollen cell have been studied. The results showed that the Ca²⁺ concentration was increased when pollen grain was implanted by nitrogen ion with energy 100 keV and dose 10¹³ ions/cm². However, the increase of Ca²⁺ concentration was partly inhibited by the addition of Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor depending on dose. And nitrogen ion implantation caused depolarization of pollen cell membrane potential. In other words, membrane potential was increased, but the effect decreased by adding Ca²⁺ channel inhibitor. However, it was still significantly higher than the membrane potential of control cells. It was indicated that the depolarization of cell membrane potential opened the calcium channel on the membrane that caused the increasing of intracellular calcium concentration. This might be an earlier step of the effect of low energy nitrogen ion implantation on pollen germination.     

The voltage dependence of NADPH oxidase reveals why phagocytes need proton channels

The enzyme NADPH oxidase in phagocytes is important in the body's defence against microbes: it produces superoxide anions (O2-, precursors to bactericidal reactive oxygen species). Electrons move from intracellular NADPH, across a chain comprising FAD (flavin adenine dinucleotide) and two haems, to reduce extracellular O2 to O2-. NADPH oxidase is electrogenic, generating electron current (I(e)) that is measurable under voltage-clamp conditions. Here we report the complete current-voltage relationship of NADPH oxidase, the first such measurement of a plasma membrane electron transporter. We find that I(e) is voltage-independent from -100 mV to >0 mV, but is steeply inhibited by further depolarization, and is abolished at about +190 mV. It was proposed that H+ efflux mediated by voltage-gated proton channels compensates I(e), because Zn2+ and Cd2+ inhibit both H+ currents and O2- production. Here we show that COS-7 cells transfected with four NADPH oxidase components, but lacking H+ channels, produce O2- in the presence of Zn2+ concentrations that inhibit O2- production in neutrophils and eosinophils. Zn2+ does not inhibit NADPH oxidase directly, but through effects on H+ channels. H+ channels optimize NADPH oxidase function by preventing membrane depolarization to inhibitory voltages.     

威廉环毛蚓Pheretima guillelmi(Michaelsen)神经内分泌系统的研究

以威廉环毛蚓为实验材料,对其神经内分泌系统的显微、亚显微结构及其对体表水交换的影响作了初步研究.通过大量的实验,说明在威廉环毛蚓的中枢神经系统中存在三种不同类型的细胞,即A、B和C三种细胞.A细胞数量最多,位于脑神经节、咽下神经节和腹神经索中.B细胞主要位于咽下神经节.C细胞主要位于咽下神经节和腹神经索中.神经内分泌活动与季节有关,A细胞和C细胞的分泌活动随季节变化而不同,B细胞的内分泌活动受季节的影响不大.蚯蚓体表的水交换受神经内分泌调控,这种因子仅存在于脑神经节内.     

Bimetal nickel–cobalt phosphide directly grown on commercial graphite substrate by the one-step electrodeposition as efficient electrocatalytic electrode

It is challenging to find a method to obtain a catalyst with low cost and efficient multifunctional performances. Herein, in order to obtain the electrode with high-performance water splitting and non-enzymatic glucose detection, the commercial graphite sheet (GS) with excellent durability and electroconductivity was used as substrate material, and the non-noble ternary component Ni–Co–P catalyst with hierarchical architecture was fabricated on GS via a co-electrodeposition. The catalyst only required low overpotentials of 44.6, 76.5 and 49 mV to drive the current density of 10 mA cm⁻² alongside with the smaller Tafel slopes of 39.2, 44.8 and 112 mV dec⁻¹ for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in 1.0 M KOH, 0.5 M H₂SO₄ and 1.0 M PBS solution, respectively. For oxygen evolution reaction (OER), the catalyst demonstrated a low overpotential of 304 mV to achieve the current density of 20 mA cm⁻² with excellent Tafel slope of 89.8 mV dec⁻¹ in alkaline solution. Furthermore, the Ni–Co–P/GS electrode serving as non-enzymatic glucose sensor exhibited the superior electrocatalytic activity with an ultrahigh sensitivity of 7400 μA mM⁻¹ cm⁻², low detection limit of 0.425 μM (S/N = 3), and wide linear range (1–1200 μM).     

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate affects the growth of LNCaP cells via membrane fluidity and distribution of cellular zinc

Objective: To evaluate effects of epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) on the viability, membrane properties, and zinc distribution, with and without the presence of Zn²⁺, in human prostate carcinoma LNCaP cells. Methods: We examined changes in cellular morphology and membrane fluidity of LNCaP cells, distribution of cellular zinc, and the incorporated portion of EGCG after treatments with EGCG, Zn²⁺, and EGCG+Zn²⁺. Results: We observed an alteration in cellular morphology and a decrease in membrane fluidity of LNCaP cells after treatment with EGCG or Zn²⁺. The proportion of EGCG incorporated into liposomes treated with the mixture of EGCG and Zn²⁺ at the ratio of 1:1 was 90.57%, which was significantly higher than that treated with EGCG alone (30.33%). Electron spin resonance (ESR) studies and determination of fatty acids showed that the effects of EGCG on the membrane fluidity of LNCaP were decreased by Zn²⁺. EGCG accelerated the accumulation of zinc in the mitochondria and cytosol as observed by atomic absorption spectrometer. Conclusion: These results show that EGCG interacted with cell membrane, decreased the membrane fluidity of LNCaP cells, and accelerated zinc accumulation in the mitochondria and cytosol, which could be the mechanism by which EGCG inhibits proliferation of LNCaP cells. In addition, high concentrations of Zn²⁺ could attenuate the actions elicited by EGCG.