郯庐断裂带早白垩世岩浆活动与断裂带的活动关系

文章通过收集晚中生代时期郯庐断裂带中南段出露的糜棱岩、火山岩和侵入岩样品的同位素年代学数据,结合区域构造应力场、断陷盆地和伸展活动时间等多方面的证据,显示了早白垩世初郯庐断裂带再次发生左行平移,之后迅速转为伸展运动,并伴随发生了大规模的岩浆岩喷发事件.与华北克拉通内部相比,断裂带内具有相对较长的演化历史和减薄程度,暗示了郯庐断裂带有着比克拉通内部更加强烈的伸展运动,为岩石圈的强烈减薄及大规模岩浆活动的发生提供了有利的条件.     

山西交城狐偃山地区郭家梁碱性岩带的岩石学特征研究

通过对岩体的野外地质特征、晶体光学与矿物学特征的研究,推断出郭家梁岩带的碱性偏碱性岩属于二长岩—正长岩组合,且其岩浆侵入具有同源性,指出郭家梁碱性岩体地处华北板内吕梁隆起中段,对深入了解华北地块中西部晚中生代的克拉通破坏具有十分重要的意义。     

河南泌阳地区变质花岗岩体锆石铀-铅年龄及其地质意义

华北克拉通为中国最古老的克拉通,基底形成时经历了多期岩浆-构造热事件,前寒武纪基底上发育有大量的不同时代的花岗岩体。为了厘定分布在华北克拉通南缘的河南泌阳地区的前寒武纪变质花岗岩体的形成年龄,采用高精度的激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)锆石铀-铅(U-Pb)同位素测年方法对其进行精确定年。实验结果表明,变质花岗岩中锆石具有典型的岩浆结晶成因特征,但可能受到后期构造热事件的扰动影响发生同位素的丢失。该变质岩体四个锆石样品的~(206)Pb/~(207)Pb上交点年龄在误差范围内基本一致,给出了2 510～2 556 Ma的年龄,代表了岩体形成年龄。工作表明该地区变质花岗岩形成于新太古代晚期,而不是前人在区调工作中认为的中-新元古代,为华北克拉通南缘的早期岩浆-构造演化研究提供了年代学依据。     

河南泌阳地区变质花岗岩体的锆石铀-铅年龄及其地质意义

华北克拉通为中国最古老的克拉通,基底形成时经历了多期岩浆-构造热事件,前寒武纪基底上发育有大量的不同时代的花岗岩体。为了厘定分布在华北克拉通南缘的河南泌阳地区的前寒武纪变质花岗岩体的形成年龄,采用高精度的激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)锆石铀-铅(U-Pb)同位素测年方法对其进行精确定年。实验结果表明,变质花岗岩中锆石具有典型的岩浆结晶成因特征,但可能受到后期构造热事件的扰动影响发生同位素的丢失。该变质岩体四个锆石样品的~(206)Pb/~(207)Pb上交点年龄在误差范围内基本一致,给出了2 510～2 556 Ma的年龄,代表了岩体形成年龄。工作表明该地区变质花岗岩形成于新太古代晚期,而不是前人在区调工作中认为的中-新元古代,为华北克拉通南缘的早期岩浆-构造演化研究提供了年代学依据。     

苏鲁造山带岩浆岩的锆石U Pb定年及构造意义

锆石U-Pb定年和地球化学分析结果显示,苏鲁造山带南缘连云港锦屏山片麻状花岗岩形成于(806.0±14.0)Ma,海州群云台组变质火山岩形成于(800.8±7.8)Ma,张八岭隆起的张八岭群西冷组变质火山岩形成于(751.6±7.1)Ma和(767.0±15.0)Ma.这些岩浆岩总体上具有高钾钙碱性系列、右倾型REE(Rare Earth Elements)模式、Nb、Ta、Sr、P和Ti强烈亏损、中等负铕异常、重稀土弱到中等亏损、低Sr、高Yb等特点,与浙闽型岩浆岩反映的区域伸展环境和下地壳部分熔融是一致的.这次构造岩浆活动820～740Ma,是晋宁期主碰撞造山后Rodinia超大陆裂解和岩石圈减薄演化的记录.     

演化模式中的“聚合期残留海盆”

地质矿产部地科院汤耀庆通过对新疆北部地质构造、岩浆活动、变质作用、成矿作用的分析研究,特别是对蛇绿岩的详细研究和分类,认为新疆北部显生宇岩石圈板块构造演化历程中,主要是岩石圈的“有限拉张”形成的“有限洋盆”与不同规模的地块相间的构造格局,不存在深遂浩瀚的大洋。将新疆北部显生宙以来地壳演化阶段概括为:古克拉通地幔上隆,地壳减薄     

中国东部中新生代火山作用的pTtc模型与岩石圈演化

中国东北和华北地区中新生代火山岩的岩石化学研究表明,中新生代火山作用的深部过程均为产时针的ｐＴｔ轨迹,表现为岩浆源区从逐渐上升到下降的过程,中新生代火山作用的深部过程揭示的岩石圈演化历史为：早侏罗世至早白垩世早期,岩石圈深化主要表现为逐渐减薄的过程,直至出现软流圈与地壳直接接触。从早白垩世晚期至中生代末,岩石圈演化为一增生过程。第三纪岩石圈演化为减薄过程,而到第四纪岩石圈增生过程。中国东部现代岩石     

西秦岭地区晚中生代OIB型玄武岩的发现及其意义

在西秦岭地区发现一套晚中生代玄武岩,其地球化学成分类似O IB的特征,暗示该地区晚中生代岩浆源区来源于软流圈,其起源可能与岩石圈拆沉作用、软流圈地幔上涌和岩石圈伸展减薄有关,这为全面秦岭大别造山带中生代岩石圈演化提供了有利的直接证据。     

东北地区白垩纪断陷盆地群形成模式及其油气地质意义

东北地区白垩系断陷盆地群是在古生代褶皱造山带的基础上发展起来的早白垩世宽范围火山断陷盆地群,经历了一个完整的拉张断陷到挤压回返的构造旋回,伸展作用强烈,坳陷广泛发育,具有构造样式复杂、垒堑相间、断超结构的特点。郯庐断裂带北段在早白垩世发生的左旋走滑运动控制了断裂带两侧盆地的发育。中生代断陷盆地群是在较新的地壳上发展起来的,中酸性火山活动强烈,在松辽盆地和海拉尔盆地存在两个岩石圈减薄区。断陷盆地群具有相似的构造特点,火山断陷作用强烈。在前人研究的基础上,证实了松辽盆地存在裂前隆起。本文从裂谷成盆模式模式入手,认为断陷盆地群东部是窄裂谷成盆模式,西部及中部是宽裂谷成盆模式,认为东北断陷盆地群是在幔隆过程中形成。     

中国东部中生代岩浆作用与岩石圈减薄

对中国东部新生代玄武岩及其包体的Ｓｒ－Ｎｄ同位素资料的总结表明,中国东部现今岩石圈地幔具有强烈亏损性质,现今岩石圈地幔是新生的,岩石圈减薄主要发生在中生代晚期,并与中国东疗大面积,强烈的中生代岩浆活动在时间上相对应,且具有自西向东岩石圈减薄逐渐增强的趋势,分析表明,中４生代期间印度洋型软流圈地幔的侵入与中国东部的岩石圈减薄密切相关。     

郯庐断裂带中生代火山活动与深部过程

郯庐断裂带中生代火山活动主要发生在早白垩世 ,形成了一套以橄榄安粗岩系为主的火山岩。火山岩岩石化学特征、地球化学特征与断裂带外明显不同 ,以富碱富钾、富轻稀土元素为特征 ,具有较高的 ISr值和明显偏低的εNd值 ,表明火山活动不仅与地壳混染有关 ,而且与深部地幔以及断裂带的演化有密切的关系。研究显示该区岩浆起源于地幔底侵、壳幔相互作用下的壳幔过渡带 ,也反映此时的断裂带切入到壳幔边界。     

Post-collisional lithosphere delamination of the Dabie-Sulu orogen

The consistence between the first rapid cooling time (226-219 Ma) of the untrahigh pressure metamorphic (UHPM) rocks in the Dabie Mountains and the formation time (205-220 Ma) of the syncollisional granites in the Qinling and Sulu areas suggests that the first rapid cooling and uplift of the UHPM rocks may be related to breakoff of subducted plate. Therefore the second rapid cooling and uplift (180-170 Ma) of the UHPM racks needs a post-collisional lithosphere delamination which resulted in the granitic magmatism with an age of about 170 Ma. In addition, the rapid rising of the Dabie dome in the early Cretaceous (130-110 Ma) and the corresponding large-scale magmatism in the Dabie Mountains need another lithosphere delamination. The geochronology of the post-collis- ional mafic-ultramafic intrusions and geological relationship between the mafic-ultramafic intrusions and granites suggest that partial melting was initiated in the mantle, and then progressively developed in the crust, suggesting a mantle upwelling underneath the Dabie Mountains. The unusual fractional trend of the gabbros characterized by lower SiO2 content (46.24%) corresponding to lower MgO content (4.53%) and their typical geochemistry features of the lower crust suggest underplating of the mantle derived magma and interaction between the magma and lower crust before their intrusion. Lithosphere delamination could be the dynamic cause of the mantle upwelling and underplating. The seismic tomography results of the Dabie Mountains and adjacent areas clearly show lithosphere thinning below the north and south sides of the Dabie Mountains. Because there is no Cenozoic magma event in the Dabie Mountains, the lithosphere thinning may result from delamination of thickened lithosphere mantle after collision. In addition, both the lower velocity zone in the 40 km depth and the basin + dome + basin coupling relationship in the Dabie Mountains also suggest the lithosphere delamination and underplating on the two sides of the orogen.     

Process and mechanism of mountain-root removal of the Dabie Orogen—Constraints from geochronology and geochemistry of post-collisional igneous rocks

Systematical studies of post-collisional igneous rocks in the Dabie orogen suggest that the thickened mafic lower crust of the oro- gen was partially melted to form low-Mg# adakitic rocks at 143-131 Ma. Delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust occurred at 130 Ma, which caused the mantle upwelling and following mafic and granitic magmatic intrusions. Mig- matite in the North Dabie zone, coeval with the formation of low-Mg# adakitic intrusions in the Dabie orogen, was formed by partial melting of exhumed ultrahigh-pressure metamorphic rocks at middle crustal level. This paper argues that the partial melting of thickened lower and middle crust before mountain-root collapse needs lithospheric thinning. Based on the geothermal gradient of 6.6~C/km for lithospheric mantle and initial partial melting temperature of ~1000~C for the lower mafic crust, it can be estimated that the thickness of lithospheric mantle beneath thickened lower crust has been thinned to 〈45 km when the thickened lower crust was melting. Thus, a two-stage model for mountain-root removal is proposed. First, the lithospheric mantle keel was partially removal by mantle convection at 145 Ma. Loss of the lower lithosphere would increase heat flow into the base of the crust and would cause middle-lower crustal melting. Second, partial melting of the thickened lower crust has weakened the lower crust and increased its gravity instability, thus triggering delamination and foundering of the thickened mafic lower crust or mountain-root collapse. Therefore, convective removal and delamination of the thickened lower crust as two mechanisms of lithospheric thin- ning are related to causality.     

安徽肥东西韦地区郯庐断裂带的构造特征与变形规律

郯庐断裂带南段安徽肥东西韦地区糜棱岩广泛发育,地表出露良好。通过对该地区进行细致的宏观和微观分析研究发现,韧性剪切带具有典型的左行平移特征;断裂带的持续走滑使糜棱岩带抬升并在浅层形成正花状构造;新生代以来由于太平洋板块近EW向的强烈挤压,左行平移逆断层形成,并叠加于早期构造之上,从而形成当今地表所见的构造特征。     

垦东凸起“陀螺式”演化与油气成藏

垦东凸起位于郯庐断裂带西缘,具有构造样式多样、油气分布各异的特点.分析其区域应力场,认为郯庐断裂带在新生代右旋走滑及其产生的拉分作用影响下,垦东凸起"陀螺式"的演化过程形成了垦东北部斜坡带、西部主体带和东部斜坡带3个次级构造单元和不同的构造样式及不同的油气输导方式和油气藏类型.北部斜坡带油气呈"立体式"输导,形成构造-岩性油气藏;西部主体带油气呈"网毯式"输导,形成古背景上的岩性油气藏;东部斜坡带油气呈"阶梯式"输导,形成断层-岩性油气藏.     

Linking mantle plumes, large igneous provinces and environmental catastrophes

Large igneous provinces (LIPs) are known for their rapid production of enormous volumes of magma (up to several million cubic kilometres in less than a million years), for marked thinning of the lithosphere, often ending with a continental break-up, and for their links to global environmental catastrophes. Despite the importance of LIPs, controversy surrounds even the basic idea that they form through melting in the heads of thermal mantle plumes. The Permo-Triassic Siberian Traps--the type example and the largest continental LIP--is located on thick cratonic lithosphere and was synchronous with the largest known mass-extinction event. However, there is no evidence of pre-magmatic uplift or of a large lithospheric stretching, as predicted above a plume head. Moreover, estimates of magmatic CO(2) degassing from the Siberian Traps are considered insufficient to trigger climatic crises, leading to the hypothesis that the release of thermogenic gases from the sediment pile caused the mass extinction. Here we present petrological evidence for a large amount (15?wt%) of dense recycled oceanic crust in the head of the plume and develop a thermomechanical model that predicts no pre-magmatic uplift and requires no lithospheric extension. The model implies extensive plume melting and heterogeneous erosion of the thick cratonic lithosphere over the course of a few hundred thousand years. The model suggests that massive degassing of CO(2) and HCl, mostly from the recycled crust in the plume head, could alone trigger a mass extinction and predicts it happening before the main volcanic phase, in agreement with stratigraphic and geochronological data for the Siberian Traps and other LIPs.     

Comparison of mantle-derived matierals from different spatiotemporal settings: Implications for destructive and accretional processes of the North China Craton

Cratonic destruction or lithospheric thinning beneath North China makes it as one of the most ideal areas for the studying on the formation and evolution of continent. However, the mechanism, time, range and dynamic setting of the destruction, even the lithospheric status before the destruction, are contentious. The comparison among mantle xenoliths in the volcanic rocks from different captured times （e.g. Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic） and locations （e.g. intra-plate or its rim, the translithospheric Tanlu fault or the North-South Gravity Line）, and peridotitic massifs within the Sulu-Dabie ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism belt along the southern margin of the North China Craton, indicates that （1） the cratonic lithosphere is heterogeneous in structure and composition, and contains mantle weak zones; and （2） the Mesozoic-Cenozoic lithospheric thinning process is complex, including lateral spreading of lithosphere, interaction between melt and peridotite, non-even asthenospheric erosion （huge lithospheric thinning）, and the limited lithospheric accretion and thus thickening, which resulted in the final replacement of the refractory cratonic lithosphere by juvenile fertile mantle. In early Mesozoic, the integrity of the North China Craton was interrupted, even destroyed by subduction and collision of the Yangtze block. The mantle wedge of the North China Craton was also metasomatized and modified by melt/fluids revealed from the subducted Yangtze continent. Lithospheric mantle extension and tectonic intrusion of the North China Craton also occurred, accompanied by the asthenospheric upwelling that due to the detachement of the subducted Yangtze continent （orogenic root）. During early Cretaceous-early Tertiary, the huge thinning of lithosphere was triggered by the upwelling asthenosphere due to the subduction of the Pacific plate. Since late Tertiary, the cooling of the upwelling asthenosphere resulted in the replacement of the mantle in existence by the newly accreted lithosphere, accompanied with a little thickness in lithosphere and thus finally achieved the lithospheric thinning as a whole. The translithospheric faults, such as the Tanlu fault, play excellent channels for asthenospheric upwelling. Meanwhile, the channels in lithosphere are usually irregular, which resulted in different eruption times of magma. Peridotite xenolith in the basalts erupted at 100 Ma is mainly fertile, indicating such a fact, that is, the mantle replacement occurred before the eruption （e.g. 125--100 Ma） beneath the eastern part of the North China Craton.     

郯庐断裂带渤海段的深部构造与动力学意义

郯庐断裂带渤海段的3条大地电磁测深剖面,揭示了断裂带丰富的深部结构信息。这些剖面显示,郯庐断裂带已切穿了整个地壳,并且向下延入上地幔;该段断裂带在深部显示为陡立的走滑构造,浅部为伸展断层及断陷盆地所叠加,最后又发生过一期明显的逆冲活动;该断裂带的走滑构造在渤海湾内继续存在,指示其早期的走滑活动中向北延入了渤海内;该断裂带内部及其旁侧,浅部的断陷盆地发育与深部的高导层(带)紧密伴生,反映断陷盆地发生时在地壳深部都出现了软弱拆离带,也指示了岩石圈减薄中地壳内所发生的深部过程。