风向角对高速列车驶出隧道过程中气动效应的影响

为研究风向角对驶出隧道过程中高速列车气动效应的影响,以某型高速动车组列车为研究对象,采用数值模拟方法对隧道内气动压力、列车风风速、流场分布及列车气动荷载进行分析。通过与动模型试验结果进出对比,验证数值模拟方法的准确性。研究结果表明：隧道壁面气动压力峰值及变化幅值最大值出现在隧道内部,且出现位置到隧道出口距离与风向角有关;背风侧气动压力受风向角影响更大,气动压力变化幅值随风向角增大呈现先减小后增大再减小的趋势;出口处列车风风速随风向角增大基本呈现先增大后减小的趋势,30°风向角时列车风风速最大,但迎、背风侧列车风风速峰值出现时刻不同;随着风向角增大,流场分布不对称性增强,列车绕流特性由流线型绕流逐渐过渡到钝体绕流,流动分离点到头车鼻尖的距离呈现先增大后减小最后再增大的变化规律,隧道内流动结构愈加复杂;气动横向力、升力变化幅值随风向角增加呈现先增后减趋势,头车横向力系数最大变化幅值分别是中车、尾车的2.4倍和2.6倍,升力系数最大变化幅值分别是中车、尾车的1.1倍和1.5倍,故保证头车安全是控制整车运行安全的关键;侧风下高速列车驶出隧道情形下的最不利风向角为30°,此时头车发生列车事故风险...     

环境风与列车交会耦合作用下磁浮列车横向气动性能

采用三维、可压、非定常N-S方程,用动网格技术实现列车与地面、环境风与列车之间的相对运动,对不同风速、风向环境风作用下,磁浮列车以430 km/h速度等速交会时列车横向气动性能进行数值分析。研究结果表明：当风向角为135°时,磁浮列车受到的交会压力波幅值最大;头车和尾车横向力在风向角分别为270°和225°时最大,分别为-172.5 kN和77.4 kN;头、尾车侧滚力矩均在风向角为90°时最大,分别为-226.7 kN·m和-203.7 kN·m;在90°风向角下,风速增大,列车受到的横向力和侧滚力矩增大,横向力近似与风速的0.8次方成正比,而侧滚力矩约与风速的1.3-1.5次方成正比。     

桥梁对高速列车气动特性影响的风洞试验研究

为考虑侧风作用下桥梁对高速列车气动特性的影响,以高速列车与双线简支箱梁桥为原型,自主研制缩尺比为1:20的车-桥模型风洞试验模型装置,该装置可改变风偏角、测试对象以及列车与桥梁的相对位置等。测试高速列车的头车、中车及尾车各自的气动力,建立天平坐标系下测试数据转换到整体坐标系的转换关系,讨论雷诺数、车辆在桥面横向相对位置、风偏角对高速列车气动系数的影响。研究结果表明:基于自主研制车-桥模型的风洞试验测试是可行的;雷诺数对车-桥系统的气动性能影响有限;列车位于迎风侧线路时气动影响显著;随风偏角的增大,高速列车的侧力系数、升力系数、侧倾力矩系数存在减小的趋势。测试所得的高速列车气动参数可用于进一步开展风-车-桥耦合振动分析。     

强侧风作用下带制动风翼板高速列车周围流场结构分析

基于三维定常不可压的黏性流场N-S及k-ε双方程模型,采用计算流体动力学方法对不同风向角强侧风作用下带制动风翼板高速列车及风翼板表面时均压力分布规律、周围时均流动结构及瞬态流动结构等气动效应进行了数值模拟.初步研究结果表明：强侧风影响下,列车外围流场结构复杂多变,随着风向角在0°～180°内逐渐增大,头车首排制动风翼板前后形成的高压区和低压区、头车司机室上方形成的低压区、尾车司机室与车身连接处形成的低压区及车顶形成的低压区影响范围呈先扩大后逐渐缩小的变化趋势;同时随着风向角的逐渐增大,列车头车和尾车鼻尖处形成的高压区域影响范围逐渐变小、减弱.     

受电弓设备对列车气动特性影响的风洞试验

为了充分了解和掌握在强侧风作用下受电弓设备(受电弓和导流罩)对高速列车气动性能的影响,通过风洞试验对强侧风下高速列车运行时的气动性能进行测量和分析.实验结果表明:当侧滑角小于15°时,列车模型阻力系数随着侧滑角的增大而增加,当侧滑角为15°时,阻力系数出现拐点,拐点后阻力系数开始下降,其侧向力系数的绝对值和升力系数随着侧滑角的增大而增加;受电弓设备对头车的影响较小,但可使中车侧向力系数的绝对值及阻力系数明显增加,使尾车的阻力系数明显减小,而侧向力系数明显增加;受电弓设备中“浴盆”式导流罩对高速列车阻力系数的影响强于“挡板”式导流罩的影响,但对升力系数及侧向力系数的影响弱于“挡板”式导流罩的影响.     

青藏线上集装箱平车在强横风下的稳定性

采用数值模拟计算的方法,对青藏线上10 m高桥梁上集装箱本身和集装箱车整车在强横风下的气动性能进行研究,得到气动力系数与侧滑角之间的关系:在此基础上,根据静力矩平衡原理建立车辆在轨道上倾覆及集装箱在车体上倾覆的数学模型,得到车辆和集装箱在直线和曲线上运行时车速和临界倾覆风速的关系.研究结果表明:桥梁卜集装箱车整车和集装箱自身的横向力系数以及倾覆力矩系数均随着侧滑角的增大而增大;当侧滑角为75°时达到最大值,之后稍微降低;在低速时,车辆向曲线内侧倾覆的临界风速较低;在高速时,车辆向曲线外侧倾覆的临界风速较低;总体上,集装箱整车和集装箱自身的临界倾覆风速均随着车速的提高而降低,但集装箱在车体上倾覆的临界风速小于车辆整体在轨道上倾覆的临界风速,车辆的限速应当是以集装箱在车体上的倾覆为标准;对于集装箱车整车,当车速分别为0,40,60,80和100 km/h时,整车的临界倾覆风速分别为23.1,20.6,18.5,16.3和14.7 m/s.     

不同头部外形高速列车气动性能风洞试验研究

通过对包括CRH2在内的4种不同纵向长细比比例尺为1∶8的高速列车模型进行风洞试验,分析雷诺数对车辆气动力系数的影响;比较4种高速列车模型的气动力特性;对不同流线型外形列车进行大侧偏角试验,研究高速列车在侧风作用下的安全性.研究结果表明:列车流线型头部越长,鼻形更加突出尖锐,头部流线型更加光滑,更有利于降低空气阻力;当模型列车流线型长度相差不大时,纵向长细比系数越大即车头外形越细长,对减阻越有利;4种动车组头车、中车和尾车的侧向力及升力系数均随侧滑角的增大而迅速增大;当侧滑角大于10°时,头部最大纵剖面轮廓线曲率较大的模型,横风作用下的侧向力系数比其他3种模型车的侧向力系数显著增大,升力系数较小.     

桥隧段风屏障对高速列车气动荷载及行车安全的影响

高铁线路隧道-桥梁-隧道路段常伴随强烈的横风,列车行驶至隧道与桥梁连接段时常常受到横风的突然冲击,严重影响了列车的行车安全性。基于计算流体力学RNG湍流模型和多孔介质理论,建立列车-隧道-桥梁-风屏障三维CFD数值模型和风-车-轨-桥动力耦合分析模型,研究了高速列车通过隧道-桥梁-隧道路段过程中列车的气动荷载和行车安全指标的变化特性。结果表明:桥隧相连段设置风屏障后,各节车厢的气动荷载突变幅值显著降低,降幅达50%以上,其中横向力和倾覆力矩受风屏障的影响最为显著,降幅高达88%以上;设置风屏障后列车行车安全指标显著降低,迎风侧和背风侧各轮对(除了头车1、3号轮对外)的安全指标波动幅度相同;头车的安全指标对整个列车行车安全性起控制作用,尤其是头车转向架前轮(即1、3号轮对)的;列车由隧道驶入桥梁过程中的行车安全性较由桥梁驶入隧道过程的小。     

青藏线棚车在强横风下的倾覆稳定性

采用缩比棚车模型风洞实验的方法研究棚车在5 m高路堤和15 m高桥梁上的气动性能,得到气动力系数与侧滑角之间的关系,在此基础上,根据静力矩平衡原理建立棚车整车在轨道上倾覆及车体在转向架上倾覆的数学模型,得到车辆在直线和曲线上运行时车辆运行车速和临界倾覆风速关系.研究结果表明:路堤或桥梁上棚车的气动力系数均随着侧滑角的增大而增大,在桥梁上侧滑角为75°时达到最大值,之后稍微降低;车体在转向架上倾覆时的临界风速小于车辆整车在轨道上倾覆的临界风速,车辆的安全速度限值应当以车体在转向架上倾覆为基础进行研究;车辆在曲线上静止时,其在路堤和桥梁上的临界倾覆风速分别为37.0和39.5 m/s,当车速为100km/h时,其临界倾覆风接近30 m/s;若车辆在直线上静止时,其在路堤和桥梁上的临界倾覆风速分别为45.0和49.0 m/s,当车速为120 km/h时,在路堤或桥梁上棚车的临界倾覆风速接近33 m/s.     

不同风向角对高架运行磁浮列车气动特性影响分析

为了研究横风对高速磁浮列车运行安全的影响，本文基于三维、定常、可压N-S方程，对不同风向角作用下高速磁浮列车在复线高架桥运行的气动特性进行数值计算，并对列车表面压力、周围流场及气动力进行分析.结果表明：1）风向角越大，列车车体两侧的压差越大. 2）当风向角为0°时，尾涡具有明显的对称性，且强度及尺度都较小；当风向角为90°时，尾涡呈现明显的非对称性，且强度和尺度较大. 3）当车速一定时，列车气动载荷基本随风向角增大而增大，头车侧向力最大，尾车升力最大.气动力的最不利风向角范围集中在60°～90°.本文研究结果可为提高磁浮列车大风环境下安全运行提供理论指导和技术支撑.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.