沥青路面惰性弯沉点的选取及土基模量的反演

水泥混凝土路面存在弯沉几乎不随模量变化而变化的惰性弯沉点,并可用于反算水泥混凝土路面结构模量。为了使理论弯沉盆与实测弯沉盆相匹配,将刚性下卧层引入到理论弯沉盆的计算当中,经过大量的弯沉盆计算发现,沥青路面惰性弯沉点的选取较为困难,提出了一种基于均方根误差最小准则的惰性弯沉点选取方法,并将其应用于土基模量的反演中。在基于惰性弯沉点的土基模量反算中发现基层模量的大小对土基模量反演的精度有比较大的影响,并分别回归出针对柔性基层和半刚性基层的路面结构信息与惰性点参数的关系。选取不同的路面结构进行土基模量反演,理论上论证回归公式的精度,用实测弯沉盆进行模量反算,并与国内外其它反算程序比较,验证了基于惰性弯沉点的土基模量反演方法的精度和可靠性。     

基于沥青面层曲率指数反算沥青面层的弹性模量

基于层状弹性体系理论,由路面结构的路表变形响应反算沥青面层的弹性模量.根据落锤式弯沉仪数据采集传感器与荷载中心的距离,构建了结构层参数与其相应路表弯沉盆之间的数据库.通过分析此数据库提出了沥青面层的临界影响厚度,并基于此临界影响厚度建立了相应的回归模型.理论弯沉盆和实测弯沉盆反算的算例对比分析表明,该方法具有良好的精度和可靠性,是一种实用、有效而快速的评定路面承载能力的方法.     

运用惰性点方法反算沥青路面结构地基模量

在水泥混凝土路面中存在的路面弯沉盆惰性点,可以用于反算水泥混凝土路面结构模量.为此论证了惰性点在沥青路面弯沉盆中的存在性,并利用惰性点方法开发出一套反算沥青路面结构地基模量的程序.首先论证典型的沥青路面3层体系可以简化为2层体系,在此2层体系中存在惰性点.然后,通过回归分析方法得出了路面结构信息与惰性点参数的相关关系.最后通过此关系,可以在实测弯沉盆中找到惰性点,并求解地基模量.     

基于两点路表弯沉反算土基回弹模量的研究

基于层状弹性理论,利用远离承载板中心的两点路表变形响应反算土基回弹模量。根据半刚性基层沥青路面常用路面结构组合形式,构建土基回弹模量与两点路表弯沉值之间一一对应的数据库,建立回归模型。由理论弯沉盆和实测弯沉盆的预测结果表明,建立的土基回弹模量回归预测模型具有良好的精度和可靠性,为进一步快速、有效地评定土基的承载能力提供了依据。     

沥青路面三层结构模量反演最佳反演点的确定

进行沥青路面三层结构模量反演,利用惰性弯沉点反演出土基模量后,再利用荷载中心点和距离荷载中心点附近的一点进行面层和基层模量反演时发现可能存在反算面层和基层模量的最佳反演点,通过大量的模量反算证实了最佳反演点的存在,寻找到最佳反演点的位置,并从理论上解释了最佳反演点存在的必然性.通过与国内外模量反算方法的对比,说明利用最佳反演点反演沥青路面三层结构模量不仅精度高而且效率也很高,使大量的模量反算成为可能.     

沥青路面结构力学响应的分层检测与分析

依托室内试槽水稳碎石基层沥青路面结构,应用分层检测分析方法逐层检测了路面结构层的竖向压应力、应变和弯沉,并采用双层弹性体系理论反算并验证了路面结构层的回弹模量.结果表明:土基回弹模量的微小变化对路面结构力学响应的影响可以忽略;各级荷载作用下,基层顶面的竖向压应力和面层层底压应变均随着荷载增大近似线性增加;养生后的水泥稳定碎石层以及沥青面层回弹模量可以被视为常数;双层弹性体系回弹模量反算方法合理可行,具有较高的准确性.在分层检测分析中,应尽量利用压应力测试数据,以获得较高的精度.     

基于虚拟惰性点的土基模量反演方法

为了提高惰性点法土基模量反演精度,研究了基于有限点弯沉的完整弯沉盆的预测方法,提出了基于预测完整弯沉盆的虚拟惰性点计算方法,并与基于实际完整弯沉盆的实际惰性点的反演结果相对比,针对反演精度进行了理论分析和实例验证.结果表明,分别采用对数分段线性插值法和指数模型预测弯沉检测范围内、外的弯沉盆信息时,预测精度高,计算简便.实惰性点法和虚惰性点法的平均理论反演误差分别为1.70%和1.53%.惰性点位置对反演误差有较大影响,当惰性点位置超出弯沉盆检测范围时,实惰性点法和虚惰性点法的平均反演误差分别为2.63%和1.45%.实测弯沉盆分析结果与理论模拟分析结果相符.通过改进惰性点参数计算方法,虚惰性点法显著提高了土基模量反演精度.     

级配碎石基层沥青路面FWD反算模量换算系数

为了获取真实反映沥青路面结构力学特性和材料性状的结构模量参数,铺筑了4种结构级配碎石基层沥青路面足尺试验路,对其进行加速加载疲劳破坏试验和路面弯沉检测。基于FWD弯沉测试方案,应用分层检测分析方法逐层检测了路面结构层的弯沉,并根据足尺路面加载破坏的损坏程度,进行了路表FWD弯沉测试和弯沉迭代反演,分析了FWD反算模量受荷载水平、位置和路面温度的影响规律,建立了FWD反算模量与实验室动态模量的关系,提出了沥青混凝土、级配碎石和路基土实验室动态模量与FWD反算模量的换算系数K。研究结果表明：沥青混凝土模量受温度和轮载作用的影响最大,路面结构完好的沥青层反算模量换算系数K=0.7~1.0;路面出现Top-down开裂后,K=1.3~1.5;沥青层层底出现疲劳破坏时,K>1.5;级配碎石层反算模量换算系数为1.32~1.49;土基反算模量换算系数与其所受的应力水平及土质类型相关,随应力水平的降低,土基反算模量换算系数减小。     

路面结构参数同时反算人工神经网络法

利用传递矩阵方法,计算出柔性路面结构在轴对称荷载作用及层间完全接触情况下的路表弯沉值,以该结果为输入数据训练四层BP网络,得到较精确的网络权值和阈值;在此基础上实现了对柔性路面结构层的模量和厚度参数的同时反算。计算分析表明,该方法速度快且精度高;即可反算路面结构层的模量,又能反算其厚度,通过与实际值比较,其计算精度完全满足工程实际的要求。     

基于BP神经网络的土基回弹模量反算

基于三层BP神经网络和层状弹性理论，由路表变形反算土基回弹模量。利用层状弹性计算程序构建了土基回弹模量与路表弯沉数据库，并输入BP神经网络进行训练，建立了基于BP神经网络的土基回弹模量反算模型。理论和实测路表弯沉反算结果表明，该方法具有良好的识别能力和泛化能力，是一种实用而有效的方法，为进一步快速、有效地评定土基的承载能力提供了依据。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.