Fenton-絮凝联合调理对污泥脱水性能影响

为改善污泥脱水性能并比较不同调理方法的优劣,采用絮凝、Fenton氧化及Fenton-絮凝联合对城市污水处理厂剩余污泥进行调理。研究以滤饼含水率、污泥比阻(SRF)、上清液浊度、胞外聚合物(EPS)作为评价指标,综合考察试剂投加量、反应时间、污泥pH等因素对污泥脱水性能的影响及其最佳条件。结果表明:在H_2O_2、Fe~(2+)的投加量分别为4 g/L、30 mg/L,Fenton反应时间为60 min时,Fenton氧化对污泥絮体的破解效果最佳。该最佳Fenton反应条件下进行污泥絮凝调理,投加CPAM 60 mg/L、调节初始pH为5,污泥调理效果最佳,使得滤饼含水率、上清液浊度、SRF分别降低了24.56%、42.12%、66.67%。Fenton-絮凝联合调理对于污泥脱水性能的改善显然优于单独絮凝调理。Fenton试剂可通过强氧化作用有效破解污泥絮体的EPS,进而有效降低污泥含水率;CPAM的絮凝作用使污泥比阻大大降低,提高了污泥脱水性能。     

Fenton试剂对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响

以剩余污泥为研究对象,通过考察p H值、H_2O_2浓度、Fe~(2+)浓度和反应时间等条件对污泥比阻(SRF)、污泥抽虑后泥饼含固率(DS)的影响,研究了Fenton试剂对污泥脱水性能的影响。结果表明:Fenton试剂能够破坏污泥的胶态结构,从而提高污泥的絮凝性,改善污泥的脱水性能。Fenton试剂改善污泥脱水性能的最适宜条件为:Fe~(2+)浓度为0.90 g/L、p H=4.00、H_2O_2浓度为5.00 g/L、反应时间为30 min。当p H=4时,SRF达到最小值6.49×1012m/kg,DS达到最大值27.14%,此时污泥脱水性能最好。当H_2O_2投加量为5.00 g/L时,SRF为5.16×1012m/kg,泥饼DS相对较高,此时污泥相对较容易脱水、脱水程度较高。当Fe~(2+)浓度为0.90 g/L时,SRF值最小为7.24×1012m/kg,污泥相对比较容易脱水。反应时间达到30 min之后SRF基本趋于稳定。     

微波耦合Fe~0/H_2O_2对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响

以污泥比阻(SRF)、泥饼含水率和毛细吸水时间(CST)作为参考指标,系统探讨了微波耦合Fe~0/H_2O_2(MW-Fe~0/H_2O_2)类芬顿反应中初始pH值、微波功率、反应时间、H_2O_2投加量与Fe~0投加量等因素对剩余污泥脱水性能的影响,并通过类比实验阐述了MW-Fe~0/H_2O_2改善污泥脱水性能的作用机理。结果表明:当初始pH值为3、微波功率为400 W、反应时间为150 s、H_2O_2投加量为90 mg/g、Fe~0投加量为60 mg/g时,污泥的脱水性能达到最佳,此时,SRF、泥饼含水率和CST分别降低了90.5%,15.5%和63.3%。污泥胞外聚合物(EPS)组分分析结果表明,紧密型胞外聚合物(TB-EPS)中蛋白质和糖类的减少与污泥脱水性能提高正相关。三维荧光光谱(3D-EEM)显示,TB-EPS中溶解性微生物副产物和色氨酸类蛋白被氧化降解,有利于改善污泥的脱水性能。     

九龙江流域水厂污泥脱水性能的实验研究

根据九龙江流域净水厂污泥的颗粒性质,进行絮凝实验、污泥比阻和过滤实验,研究污泥的脱水性能.根据试验结果,适当投加聚丙烯酰胺可以降低污泥比阻,改善脱水性能.其中阴离子型聚丙烯酰胺对该地区水厂污泥的调制效果较好,并确定PAM投加范围以低于0.5‰为佳,不仅可以降低运行成本,而且在改善污泥的脱水性能及上清液水质的回用效果上,均可以达到最佳的状态.     

生物表面活性剂对污泥脱水性能的影响

通过对污泥离心过滤脱水后含水率及毛细吸水时间(CST)的测定,考察了生物表面活性剂鼠李糖脂及其与阳离子化学表面活性剂溴化十六烷基三甲铵(CTAB)复配对活性污泥脱水性能的影响.当鼠李糖脂投加量为0.10g·g-1时,相比于原污泥,离心脱水污泥含水率下降了2.4%,过滤滤饼含水率下降了10.8%;CST值却由27.3s升至48.8s.研究结果说明:鼠李糖脂的投加能显著降低污泥脱水后污泥的含水率,但却会使污泥脱水速率变慢.相比于单独使用鼠李糖脂或CTAB,鼠李糖脂与CTAB以1∶1,1∶2或1∶3复配时不仅使脱水后污泥含水率更低,而且对污泥脱水速率也有改善作用.     

碱-电法对污泥脱水性能作用的试验

目的探究污泥脱水性质变化的原因,改善污泥的脱水性能.方法实验采用碱-电法作为污泥脱水的预处理手段,考察Na OH和Ca(OH)2这两种碱与电化学联用后污泥的脱水效果.并通过显微镜照片对照分析污泥絮体状态与污泥脱水性能的关系.结果处理60 min后,Ca(OH)2-电化学氧化组污泥脱水时间对比Na OH-电化学氧化组和未加碱电化学组污泥脱水时间明显缩短.污泥含水率相较另两组的84.5%、74.3%,Ca(OH)2-电化学氧化组为72.2%,含水率明显降低.实验发现Ca(OH)2-电化学氧化法促进污泥脱水的最适条件为:Ca(OH)2投加量15 mmol/L,电解时间60 min,电压梯度5 V/cm.结论采用碱-电法污泥脱水性能得到提升,污泥的脱水性质与污泥内部蛋白质和多糖的含量有很大关系.蛋白质和多糖等大分子物质的浓度过高或过低,都会对污泥脱水产生不利影响.     

高温厌氧下腐殖土对改善活性污泥性质的影响

以提高活性污泥脱水性能、减量化、稳定化为目标,通过考察毛细吸水时间、有机元素组成、有机物分子量分布、傅立叶红外光谱等指标,探讨在55°C高温厌氧条件下腐殖土的投加量、反应时间对活性污泥脱水性能、元素组成及结构特征的影响.研究结果表明,污泥脱水性能随腐殖土投加量的增加而提高,且脱水时间减少9.5%～38.4%;在腐殖土的作用下污泥中富里酸(FA)相对分子量分布指数Mw/Mn随投加量递减,小分子量有机物数量的比值由50%提升至70%;污泥中腐殖酸(HA)的傅立叶红外光谱图中腐殖土投加前后在1 654,1 540,2 925cm-1峰处有明显的降低,表明腐殖土投加增强HA芳构化程度,提高处理后污泥的稳定性和成熟度;有机元素、总有机碳分析亦得到类似的结论.     

微波辐射Fenton试剂-活性炭催化氧化体系降解水中苯酚

以1．0g苯酚溶于1000InL无酚水中作为模拟水样组成反应模型，利用微波辐射以Fenton试剂与活性炭组成的催化氧化体系来降解水中苯酚，并研究了各种因素对微波辐射该体系催化氧化降解苯酚反应的影响．研究表明，微波辐射．Fenton试剂一活性炭催化氧化体系能高效快速降解水中苯酚，较彻底地矿化水中有机物，使处理后的模拟水有机物含量达到饮用水的标准．其优化条件为：微波输出功率650w，微波辐射时间为15min，活性炭用量1．0g，Fenton试剂H2O2与FeSO4，7H2O物质量比为50：1。     

过硫酸钾-UMCT-叶蜡石改善污泥脱水性能

以毛细吸水时间(CST)和离心沉降比(SV)为污泥脱水性能指标,考察过硫酸钾、超声波微波组合技术(UMCT)、叶蜡石单因素以及三因素耦合改善污泥脱水性能的效果。根据单因素实验结果最佳值范围,用响应曲面方法(RSM)和方差分析获取三因素耦合的最佳值。结果表明,在污泥脱水最佳条件下,过硫酸钾投加量为0.15g/g、UMCT处理时间为12s、叶蜡石投加量为0.35g/g,SV和CST分别是32.5%和38.4s,与预测值基本吻合。此外,采用扫描电镜(SEM)、粒径分析和热重分析(TG-DTG)等手段进一步验证,提高了结论的可信度。     

含油污泥复合调理方案研究简

对石化企业污水处理厂含油污泥脱水性能进行研究,首先使用石油醚对其进行油水分离处理,真空抽滤后,测试滤饼的含水率,以含水率作为判别指标.探究生物质、臭氧和超声调理3种方式,单一及复合调理对污泥脱水性能的影响.结果表明:3种方式单一调理最佳参数,先进行臭氧化,臭氧的最佳投加量为0.1g/g,滤饼含水率为82.45%;再进行超声处理,28kHz时间超声波作用最佳为2min,滤饼含水率为74.61%;生物质与污泥干物质量比为2.5%时,滤饼含水率为62.7%;复合调理参数为臭氧投加量0.1g/g,超声波时间2min,生物质与污泥干质比为2%时,滤饼的含水率达到59.76%.复合调理效果优于单一调理,调理后污泥能够自持燃烧.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.