具有明满交替流动的三峡右岸地下电站的动态仿真

以三峡电站为背景对大型水电站动态仿真的主要问题进行了研究。对几种用于明满交替流动计算的方法进行了比较分析,提出了特征隐式格式法求解明满交替流动,具有良好的稳定性;提出了管流和明流联合计算的变时步模型,在保证计算精度的前提下减少了计算量,使大型水电工程的动态仿真得以在微机上实现;提出了一种新方法（对数曲线投影法）描述转轮特性,与Ｓｕｔｅｒ法比较,新方法完全解决了转轮特性曲线描述中小开度与零开度以及多值的问题,小开度区计算结果没有异常的压力脉动,转化过程简单,运算速度快,精度高。应用上述方法编制了过渡过程仿真程序,对三峡电站的各种工况进行了动态仿真计算,得到了满意的计算结果     

不同开度下水泵水轮机飞逸工况压力脉动特性分析

为研究不同开度下混流式水泵水轮机流道内的压力脉动,采用Realizable k-ε湍流模型,进行了某模型水泵水轮机飞逸工况7个不同开度下的全流道三维非定常数值计算,并与实验结果进行对比,分析了其各区域压力脉动幅值和频率.结果表明:随着开度的增大,转速上升,水泵水轮机流道内的压力脉动幅值有所升高,增大到一定程度后会引起蜗壳内流动特性的改变;中间开度21 mm时活动导叶转轮区域及尾水管内压力脉动主频较其余两开度高而幅值有所降低;尾水管中压力脉动主频具有传递性且幅值随流动方向增大.     

水泵水轮机全特性的新表达方式及复合工况计算

给出了一种新的水泵水轮机全特性的表达方式，在这种表达方式中单位参数（如单位力矩，单位转速及单位流量）是全特性曲线图中等开度线长度的函数。算例表明，该方法克服了原有特性曲线存在的多值性，使小开度区特性得到很好的表达，使有限开度特性与另开度特性之间有良好的衔接。应用该模型进行了为获得调压井涌浪极值的复合工况计算     

带分流叶片水泵水轮机特殊工况内部流场特性

基于国内某抽水蓄能电站建立的水力模型并结合该模型试验报告,采用SSTk-ω模型计算带分流叶片水泵水轮机7.5°导叶开度下零流量工况附近的制动工况和反水泵工况,进行定常和非定常数值模拟,研究其内部流场压力分布、速度流线分布及径向力分布规律.结果表明:计算流体动力学数值计算可以很好地模拟分析带分流叶片水泵水轮机的内部流场特性;制动工况下的流态很差,涡结构充满整个流道引起水流拥堵且成不对称分布;反水泵工况导叶和转轮出现了严重的流动分离,水流在叶片中上游发生冲击;分流叶片的存在减小了负压区域,降低了汽蚀现象发生的可能性,有助于水轮机内部水流流动更加平稳;带分流叶片水泵水轮机的径向力在一个周期内的变化规律与转轮叶片数强关联,峰谷值个数与叶片数相对应.     

基于改进粒子群算法的水泵水轮机多目标优化

为了提高带有长短叶片结构的水泵水轮机机组在运行中泵工况的运行效率,先对粒子群优化(PSO)算法进行线性变化的惯性权重及变化学习因子的改进,然后用改进PSO算法对水泵水轮机转轮结构进行优化.采取试验和数值模拟相结合的方式,以提高水泵水轮机泵工况的效率与扬程为目标,用近似模型和改进PSO算法结合的方法对转轮9个结构参数进行全局寻优.研究发现:在导叶开度9.8°下各工况的效率与扬程均有一定改善,额定工况点效率值提高0.56%,扬程提高2.10%;17.5°开度的额定工况点效率提高0.55%,扬程则提高0.018%,并且高效区得到一定拓宽;24.8°开度除小流量外其余工况点效率值与扬程均有明显提高;优化方案水泵水轮机泵工况内部流动特性得到改善.     

水泵水轮机内部压力脉动特性研究

为了研究水泵水轮机内部不同部位处的压力脉动特性,采用计算流体动力学软件对设计工况点下水泵水轮机三维全流道内部流动进行了非定常数值计算,同时监测了蜗壳隔舌附近、顶盖处、转轮与活动导叶之间以及尾水管锥管处的压力脉动。通过分析计算所得的压力脉动结果表明:机组顶盖区域压力脉动相对较为明显,水轮机工况下的脉动频率以2倍叶倍频为主,水泵工况时脉动频率以1倍的叶倍频为主;对于转轮与导叶间的无叶区域,水泵工况和水轮机工况脉动频率均为1倍叶倍频,且该处的监测点的压力脉动频率主要由于转轮与活动导叶之间的动静干涉产生;在转轮内水轮机工况时的压力脉动频率呈现多样性,水泵工况时则都以转频的倍数为主;尾水管直锥段的主频率在最优工况下等于1倍叶倍频,振动幅值较小。     

水泵水轮机转轮全特性与蓄能电站过渡过程的相关性分析

为研究水泵水轮机转轮全特性曲线对抽水蓄能电站过渡过程的影响,根据两者之间的相关性调整和优化可逆机转轮设计,该文结合工程算例,采用不同的水泵水轮机转轮全特性曲线,分别对抽水蓄能电站机组可控和不可控等不同状态下的过渡过程进行了模拟计算。计算表明,转轮全特性曲线是影响过渡过程的重要因素之一。根据转轮全特性曲线与过渡过程的相关性分析结果,使用全三维方法进行可逆机转轮设计。在设计过程中适当调整导叶相对高度等参数,改变特性曲线形状,减缓开度线变化斜率,可优化过渡过程。     

异常低水头下水泵水轮机压力脉动特性分析

为了研究水泵水轮机在异常低水头下内部流动的压力脉动特性,以某抽水蓄能电站模型水泵水轮机为研究对象,基于大涡模拟方法,对模型机组进行全流道非定常数值计算.结合试验数据,分析异常低水头下流道内不同位置处压力脉动特征和流态特征,讨论流量变化对机组压力脉动特性的影响.结果表明:异常低水头下,压力脉动主要由"导叶-转轮-尾水管"之间的两级动静干涉以及肘管段结构弯曲引起水流撞击等因素共同引起;流量变化对导叶后转轮前压力脉动的频率和幅值影响不大,仅在小流量区有所区别;尾水管内压力脉动的低频值和幅值受流量变化的影响较大,而高频值则在各种流量状况下均未出现.与正常运行工况相比,水泵水轮机在异常低水头工况下的压力脉动特性明显增强,对机组的稳定性和安全性造成了十分不利的影响.     

叶型逼近求解水泵水轮机双向流动的方法

为了求解水泵水轮机转轮内部的双向流动,提出了基于全三维转轮叶片设计模型的叶型渐近方法.该方法从水轮机方向设计目标叶型,并得到水轮机方向流场.再利用设计程序,从水泵流动方向设计叶型,用单纯形加速法控制速度矩分布变量,使得该叶型逐步逼近目标叶型,并得到水泵方向的流场,即得到同一叶型的双向流场.根据计算出的流场可以预估转轮的双向能量性能与气蚀性能.对一高水头水泵水轮机进行了设计计算,结果表明,该方法是可行的.     

基于VOF模型的抽水蓄能电站全过流系统水轮机工况数值模拟

为了更加全面地分析抽水蓄能电站水轮机工况的流动特性,建立包括引水隧洞、调压井、高压管道、水泵水轮机以及尾水隧洞的全过流系统几何模型,采用两相流VOF模型对不同导叶开度的水轮机工况进行三维湍流数值模拟,计算各过流部件的水力损失,并详细分析了机组段流场。结果表明:抽水蓄能电站的水力损失主要发生在机组段,而输水系统的水力损失相对较小,约占总水力损失的18.6％;导叶开度不同从而引起叶片压力面与吸力面的压力差不同,这是导致转轮水力损失不同的主要原因;尾水管内的流态与导叶开度有关,开度越小,在尾水管进口处越容易形成回流,水力损失越大。      

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

正~~     

An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.