固定化WAS吸附剂净化Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)污染水体影响因素研究

采用固定化WAS吸附剂,净化Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)污染水体影响,结果表明:该吸附剂吸附2种重金属离子时呈现出不同的规律,吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的最佳条件为在25℃,200 mL,质量浓度为99.23 mg/L,pH值为5,WAS与固化剂的包埋比例(质量比)为1∶5,振荡吸附1 h,最大吸附率为71.00%,吸附量为14.20 mg/g;吸附Hg(Ⅱ)的最佳条件为在25℃,质量浓度为99.87 mg/L,pH值为4,WAS与固化剂的包埋比例(质量比)为1∶5,振荡吸附1 h后,最大吸附率为60.60%,吸附量为12.12 mg/g。在所实验的质量浓度范围内,基本符合经典Langmuir等温吸附模型,固定化WAS吸附Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)的表观最大吸附量分别为88.50 mg/g和66.67 mg/g,为固定化WAS吸附剂净化Pb(Ⅱ)和Hg(Ⅱ)污染水体应用研究提供可靠依据。     

白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附特性

采用间歇试验研究白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性,考虑了吸附剂用量、初始溶液pH、离子强度、反应时间、温度及铅初始浓度等因素的影响.间歇试验结果表明,吸附剂用量、pH、离子强度等因素对铅去除影响显著,温度对白陶土吸附能力影响相对较小.在20℃、pH0=5.5、初始浓度200 mg/L、吸附剂用量1g/L下,白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附量可达136.33mg/g.动力学试验结果表明,白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附为快速反应,10min时的吸附量为最大吸附量的80%,180min内即达到吸附平衡,伪二级动力学模型对白陶土吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的过程拟合较好.Langmuir模型可较好地预测白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)的等温吸附.热力学试验结果表明,白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附为自发与吸热反应,升温有利于吸附反应的进行.白陶土对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附机制为离子交换、静电吸附与络合反应.     

ESA/AMPS共聚物的合成及阻垢性能分析

以MA和AMPS为原料,以过硫酸铵为引发剂合成了ESA/AMPS共聚物.通过静态阻垢实验,考察了各实验条件对ESA/AMPS共聚物阻碳酸钙垢、磷酸钙垢的阻垢率的影响.得出最佳合成工艺条件为单体配比m(MA)∶m(AMPS)=3∶1,引发剂用量质量分数4%,聚合时间3h,聚合反应温度85~90℃.阻垢剂投药量约5mg/L时,阻垢效果最好.     

纳米TiO_2对痕量Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附研究

利用TiO2纳米颗粒的表面吸附活性,应用火焰原子吸收光谱检测方法,高效分离了水中痕量的Pb(Ⅱ).系统研究了纳米TiO2的晶体结构、溶液的pH值、吸附时间、Pb(Ⅱ)的起始质量浓度对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附率的影响,得到纳米TiO2对Pb(Ⅱ)的最佳吸附条件为:pH=6.5,m(TiO2)=20 mg,ρ0(Pb(Ⅱ))=18 mg.L-1,t=90 min.测定了纳米TiO2对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附等温线,应用Freundlich公式得到了吸附等温方程.     

活性炭纤维负载钙的制备及其对铅的吸附性能

研究活性炭纤维负载Ca(Ⅱ)盐(Ca-ACF)吸附剂的制备及其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能.文中考察了ACF的比表面积、溶液pH值、吸附剂用量、负载Ca(Ⅱ)盐的种类与浓度等因素对Pb(Ⅱ)吸附性能的影响.结果表明,比表面积为1 500 m2/g的活性炭纤维负载0.25 mol/L CaCl2时,活性炭纤维对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附效果最好,其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温模型.当pH值为6、吸附剂加入量为0.2 mg/mL,静态饱和吸附容量达到201.25 mg/g,重复使用时性能稳定,具有处理含Pb(Ⅱ)废水的应用前景.     

改性木薯淀粉的制备及其对焦化废水絮凝效果研究

目的 合成可生物降解的炼焦废水絮凝剂-羧甲基淀粉(CMS),并对其絮凝效果进行研究.方法 用ClCH2COOH对木薯淀粉(St)进行改性,采用乙醇作为溶剂,分两步合成CMS.结果 实验结果表明,改性木薯淀粉较佳制备条件:nSt(M=162)∶nClCH2COOH=1∶1,n NaOH∶n(ClCH2COOH)=2.5∶1,碱化温度35 ℃,醚化温度50 ℃.获得改性木薯淀粉处理焦化废水工艺条件,在淀粉取代度为0.37,投入量为50 g/L废水,反应温度为40 ℃,搅拌时间为10 min,静置时间为30 min时,处理效果最好,对焦化废水浊度去除率高达79.5 %以上.结论 改性木薯淀粉对焦化废水浊度有明显降低效果,但用量大(50 kg/m3废水)和对于废水中的CODCr去除率低依然需要深入研究.     

用柠檬酸法改性锰矿及其对重金属离子的吸附性能

以Cu2+为模拟污染物,研究了柠檬酸法改性锰矿制备重金属离子吸附剂的实验条件及其吸附性能.结果表明:m(柠檬酸)∶m(TR)为1∶20时,H2SO4浓度为0～3 mol/L,随H2SO4浓度的增大吸附率-pH曲线向左移动,pH50由5.2降低到2.6;H2SO4浓度为3 mol/L,m(柠檬酸)∶m(TR)分别为0,1∶100,1∶50,1∶20时,pH50分别为3.8,3.0,2.5,2.6;pH=5.5条件下,m(柠檬酸)∶m(TR)=1∶50的柠檬酸改性锰矿对Cu2+的饱和吸附量增大到35.97 mg/g.     

桔绿木霉产木聚糖酶固体发酵条件研究

对桔绿木霉(Trichoderma citrinoviride)XE-13产木聚糖酶发酵条件进行优化.采用单因素法,研究固体发酵条件下最适培养基组成、料水比以及培养温度、培养基初始p H、培养时间、接种量等条件对产酶的影响.确定培养基组成为:碳源(m(麸皮)∶m(玉米芯)=4 g∶6 g);氮源(NH_4)_2SO_4;碳∶氮=(m(C)∶m(N)=1 g∶0.05 g);料∶水=1 g∶1.5 mL.最适合的培养条件为:培养温度30℃、培养基初始pH值6.0、培养时间72 h、接种量1.0×10~7个/mL孢子悬液/培养基干料=0.3 mL/10 g.在此条件下,木聚糖酶活力可达391.5 U/g.     

赤泥-海藻酸钠水凝胶对水中Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附性能

以赤泥和海藻酸钠为原料，采用交联反应的方法制备赤泥-海藻酸钠水凝胶(RMSA)。通过批量实验考察溶液初始pH、吸附温度、吸附时间、初始浓度以及多元重金属体系对RMSA吸附Pb(Ⅱ)效果的影响，并结合XRD、FTIR和SEM-EDS表征分析，研究其对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附特性。实验结果表明，拟二级动力学吸附模型和Langmuir吸附等温模型能够更好地描述RMSA对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附过程，该吸附过程属于单分子层化学吸附。在pH=6,温度为25℃,吸附时间为900 min, Pb(Ⅱ)初始浓度为30～900 mg/L的最佳条件下，RMSA对Pb(Ⅱ)的最大理论吸附量为454.54 mg/g。RMSA在多元重金属体系吸附实验中对Pb(Ⅱ)的吸附更具选择性。分析表明，离子交换是RMSA吸附Pb(Ⅱ)的主要机理。此外，RMSA经过5次循环实验仍能保持较高的吸附性能，在经济适用性方面具有较好的应用前景。     

Removal of Cd (Ⅱ) by Synthetic Nanocryptomelane from Sewage

利用合成纳米锰钾矿去除模拟废水中Cd (Ⅱ),研究不同去除反应条件对废水中镉离子去除率的影响.结果表明:合成纳米锰钾矿对水溶液中Cd2+的去除平衡时间约为2 h;在Cd2+质量浓度为50 mg · L-1、溶液初始pH=6.50、反应温度25℃、处理剂粒径96～120μm、每升模拟废水中投加2g合成纳米锰钾矿时,平衡后Cd2+去除率为90.6％.当Cd2+质量浓度不高于300 mg·L-1时,吸附等温线近似符合Langmuir模型,合成纳米锰钾矿最大理论吸附量为120.5mg·g-1.纳米锰钾矿对于Cd2+的去除是表面配位吸附、静电吸附、离子交换三种模式共同作用的结果.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.