二粒子体系自旋最大纠缠态的类型分析

针对曾谨言等[1]由二体算符ó1αó2β构成自旋力学量完全集的3种基本形式,文章由局域酉变换不变量出发,给出自旋1/2的二粒子体系纯态纠缠态的分类,结果表明有四种基本形式,进一步发现由同一纠缠形式叠加态的纠缠度不变.     

量子隐形传送两体任意态的真实四体纠缠通道方案

提出了一种用真实的四体最大纠缠态实现两体任意量子态的隐形传送方案,构建了16个正交完备基矢,这些基矢都是真实的四体纠缠态,即不能写成直积的形式.该方案揭示了一种四体纠缠态的某种特殊纠缠属性,并表明从某种意义上来讲,还可以从这样的一个四体纠缠态中提取出2个Bell态的纠缠.     

两粒子非最大纠缠态的量子非局域性

利用Bell—CHSH(Clauser—Horne—Shimony—Holt)不等式研究两个自旋为1／2的原子所构成的量子态的量子非局域性，计算表明两个自旋为1／2的原子所构成的非最大纠缠态，它的量子非局域性与量子态之间的纠缠度和极角有关；而所构成的最大纠缠态的非局域性只与极角有关。     

利用光子纠缠混合态实现Bell不等式检验

Bell不等式的违背是量子非局域关联存在的重要证据之一.利用各种纠缠源,人们已经在多个实验中实现了这种违背的验证.然而,最优的违背（即Cirel’son极限）仍未能在实验上达到.针对其中的两种可能的原因：所使用纠缠源的纠缠度难以达到最大纠缠或者所选取的测量基并非是最优测量基;本文利用商用光子纠缠源在实验上探索这一问题的可能解决方案.我们首先在实验上验证了,基于通常两体光子纠缠纯态假定所选取的测量基并不能得到Bell不等式的最佳违背.利用量子态层析技术,我们重构了该商用纠缠光子态的密度矩阵,并证实了实验中所用的纠缠光源是一个混合纠缠态.据此,我们对测量基进行了优化,明显地提高了Bell不等式的违背程度.     

双模减单光子压缩真空态的量子退相干和非局域性动力学

本文研究了双模减单光子压缩真空态的量子退相干和非局域性动力学．数值计算了相对熵纠缠度和计算分析了线性熵纠缠度．并进一步计算了基于膺自旋算符的Bell不等式，发现Bell不等式总是违背的．因此，可以确定退相干只能减少双模减单光子压缩真空态的纠缠量，不能完全消除纠缠．     

非最大纠缠GHZ态的受控量子隐形传态

提出2种方案来完成非最大纠缠GHZ态的受控量子隐形传态,2种方案的信道分别为非最大纠缠EPR对和GHZ态的复合以及非最大纠缠EPR对和W态的复合.为提高隐形传态的安全性和可控性,2种方案中发送者和接收者之间都没有直接的量子纠缠信道,发送者需要向控制者提出申请,控制者同意后进行Bell基测量,从而使发送者和接收者之间建立量子纠缠信道.随后,发送者进行Bell基测量和von-Neumann测量.接收者根据控制者和发送者的测量结果进行幺正变换,完成隐形传态.     

量子态的非局域关联性

在普遍的两个自旋1/2粒子量子态下证明了局域实在论与量子力学是不相容的,推广了Hardy在两个粒子非最大纠缠态下关于Bell 定理的证明.通过纠缠态下广义量子不可克隆定理中的正交条件的转移证明了量子力学非局域关联性.     

Ising模型的腔QED模拟和最大纠缠态的存储以及四体纠缠态的产生

提出了在腔中模拟Ising模型、存储最大纠缠态和产生的四体量子纠缠态的简单方案．单模腔中的两个二能级原子受到强经典驱动场的作用,在大失谐条件下,系统的有效哈密顿量和标准的Ising模型相同．这一系统可使初始处于Bell基的两原子始终处于最大纠缠态,其中两个Bell基是系统的本征态;另外两个Bell基仅需要对其中一个原子作局域操作,仍然保持最大纠缠态．这个系统与腔模和环境没有相互作用,可长时间存储原子纠缠态而不会发生退相干．此外,利用该模型可以提出制备四体纠缠态的方案,即由现存的两Bell态可以一步得到四体真正纠缠态;存在两个GHZ态的条件下,可以很容易得到四粒子的标准Cluster态,在该机制下制备四粒子标准Cluster态的成功几率为1．     

基于2体三维最大纠缠态的 双向量子密集编码

研究了1种基于2体三维最大纠缠态的双向密集编码,给出了2体三维最大纠缠态的具体形式,并构造了针对该最大纠缠态组的完备局域幺正变换集,给出了双向密集编码的解码公式,并进行了安全性分析.     

四粒子纠缠W态的概率隐形传输

提出利用2个二粒子部分纠缠态作为量子信道,实现四粒子纠缠W态的概率隐形传输方案.发送者做3次幺正变换和2次Bell基测量,然后接收者通过引入辅助粒子并做适当的幺正变换,就能以一定的概率完成四粒子纠缠W态的隐形传输.     

Generation of three-qubit entangled states using superconducting phase qubits

Entanglement is one of the key resources required for quantum computation, so the experimental creation and measurement of entangled states is of crucial importance for various physical implementations of quantum computers. In superconducting devices, two-qubit entangled states have been demonstrated and used to show violations of Bell's inequality and to implement simple quantum algorithms. Unlike the two-qubit case, where all maximally entangled two-qubit states are equivalent up to local changes of basis, three qubits can be entangled in two fundamentally different ways. These are typified by the states |GHZ>= (|000+?|111>)/ sqrt [2] and |W>= (|001>?+?|010>?+?|100>)/ sqrt [3]. Here we demonstrate the operation of three coupled superconducting phase qubits and use them to create and measure |GHZ> and |W>states. The states are fully characterized using quantum state tomography and are shown to satisfy entanglement witnesses, confirming that they are indeed examples of three-qubit entanglement and are not separable into mixtures of two-qubit entanglement.     

PT对称Bell态的经典纠缠与CPT纠缠

研究4个宇称\|时间(PT)对称Bell态在经典Hermite条件下的纠缠问题. 结果表明: 在4个PT对称Bell态中, |Φ_-〉和|Ψ_-〉仍为经典量子态, 且在经典量子Hermite内积下仍为最大纠缠态; |Φ₊〉和|Ψ₊〉不再总是经典量子态, 将其在Hermite内积下进行规范化后的经典量子态也不再总是Hermite内积下的最大纠缠态.     

C~2C~3中Bell基型不可拓展的最大纠缠基和互不偏基

先在C2C3中得到一组Bell基型完备的不可拓展的最大纠缠基,再通过构造C3的一个标准正交基给出另一组Bell基型完备的不可拓展的最大纠缠基,同时保证这两组基是互不偏的,并给出两类Bell基型互不偏的不可拓展的最大纠缠基.     

利用两能级原子与相干态腔场相互作用实现纠缠浓缩

根据大失谐条件下原子–腔场相互作用的特点,讨论了一个制备纠缠相干态的方法,提出了一个利用两能级原子与腔场相干态相互作用实现纠缠浓缩的方案。在这个方案中,2个具有相同振幅但有着π相位差的相干光|α〉和|-α〉构成的纠缠态光场被用来作为量子信道,通过利用两能级原子与腔场的相互作用以及两模正交态测量实现了这个纠缠浓缩的过程。结果表明:对于纠缠相干态,无论其初始的纠缠是多么微弱,利用这种方法总有一定的几率可以从部分纠缠态中提取出最大纠缠态。     

Scalable multiparticle entanglement of trapped ions

The generation, manipulation and fundamental understanding of entanglement lies at the very heart of quantum mechanics. Entangled particles are non-interacting but are described by a common wavefunction; consequently, individual particles are not independent of each other and their quantum properties are inextricably interwoven. The intriguing features of entanglement become particularly evident if the particles can be individually controlled and physically separated. However, both the experimental realization and characterization of entanglement become exceedingly difficult for systems with many particles. The main difficulty is to manipulate and detect the quantum state of individual particles as well as to control the interaction between them. So far, entanglement of four ions or five photons has been demonstrated experimentally. The creation of scalable multiparticle entanglement demands a non-exponential scaling of resources with particle number. Among the various kinds of entangled states, the 'W state' plays an important role as its entanglement is maximally persistent and robust even under particle loss. Such states are central as a resource in quantum information processing and multiparty quantum communication. Here we report the scalable and deterministic generation of four-, five-, six-, seven- and eight-particle entangled states of the W type with trapped ions. We obtain the maximum possible information on these states by performing full characterization via state tomography, using individual control and detection of the ions. A detailed analysis proves that the entanglement is genuine. The availability of such multiparticle entangled states, together with full information in the form of their density matrices, creates a test-bed for theoretical studies of multiparticle entanglement. Independently, 'Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger' entangled states with up to six ions have been created and analysed in Boulder.     

Bell inequality,separability and entanglement distillation

In this review,we introduce well-known Bell inequalities,the relations between the Bell inequality and quantum separability,and the entanglement distillation of quantum states.It is shown that any pure entangled quantum state violates one of Bell-like inequalities.Moreover,quantum states that violate any one of these Bell-like inequalities are shown to be distillable.New Bell inequalities that detect more entangled mixed states are also introduced.     

运用扩展的Bell测量实现三粒子任意态的量子隐形传态

提出一种运用扩展的Bell测量实现三粒子任意态的量子隐形传态方案,构建了64种正交的扩展Bell态,运用一个最大纠缠的六粒子量子态作为量子通道,在相互的经典通信和一些相应的单粒子幺正变换的协助下,信息的接受者Bob成功恢复了初始量子态,成功传态的总概率为1．     

Experimental entanglement distillation and 'hidden' non-locality

Entangled states are central to quantum information processing, including quantum teleportation, efficient quantum computation and quantum cryptography. In general, these applications work best with pure, maximally entangled quantum states. However, owing to dissipation and decoherence, practically available states are likely to be non-maximally entangled, partially mixed (that is, not pure), or both. To counter this problem, various schemes of entanglement distillation, state purification and concentration have been proposed. Here we demonstrate experimentally the distillation of maximally entangled states from non-maximally entangled inputs. Using partial polarizers, we perform a filtering process to maximize the entanglement of pure polarization-entangled photon pairs generated by spontaneous parametric down-conversion. We have also applied our methods to initial states that are partially mixed. After filtering, the distilled states demonstrate certain non-local correlations, as evidenced by their violation of a form of Bell's inequality. Because the initial states do not have this property, they can be said to possess 'hidden' non-locality.     

通过纠缠交换来实现两个三态纠缠态粒子的量子几率隐形传态

提出了一种利用纠缠交换的方法来实现一未知的两个三态纠缠态粒子的量子几率隐形传态的方案.在此方案中发送者A lice只要进行两次B e ll态测量,并将测量结果通过经典信道告诉Bob,Bob根据接收到的信息即可通过相应的幺正变换来重建A lice要传输的量子态.