氢对Ti_3Al基合金组织和性能的影响

本文研究了６００℃气相充氢对Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金组织和性能的影响，实验结果表明：气相充氢过程受氢在合金中的扩散过程所控制，而且是可逆的．在充氢过程中形成的氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡｌＨ在充氢温度下极易分解．在弯曲实验中，充氢后的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金的最大抗弯强度和最大挠度值均随氢浓度增加而显著降低．断口形貌表明，氢在晶格中固溶和裂纹在氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡｌＨ（１１１）晶面上的缺陷处形成是导致合金机械性能降低的主要因素     

微量硼对形变TiAl合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

以形变Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ合金为对象,在７７～１３７３Ｋ和１０－５～１０－１ｓ－１应变速率范围内研究微量硼（ａ（Ｂ）＝１．０％）对ＴｉＡｌ合金显微组织和拉伸性能的影响．发现,１．０％Ｂ能有效地细化形变Ｔｉ－４７Ａｌ－２Ｍｎ－２Ｎｂ合金的近全片层组织,显著提高其中低温强度,改善中低温塑性,但不损害其高温强度,是提高ＴｉＡｌ合金综合性能的有效途径．还发现,除延脆转变温度附近外,１．０％Ｂ对形变ＴｉＡｌ合金断裂方式无明显影响．部分固溶于形变ＴｉＡｌ合金的硼原子可能与空位结合形成复合体,硼原子－空位复合体在一定温度下释放出空位,促进位错攀移,从而促进合金的延脆转变．     

锌铝共析合金的超塑性变形组织特征

用电镜等手段对室温下超塑性变形中的Ｚｎ－２２％Ａｌ共析合金的组织变化进行了观察，发现在该合金的α相（富Ａｌ相）＋β相（富Ｚｎ相）２相组织中，在三叉晶界存在亚微观破坏区（破坏了晶粒间的连续性）和显微孔洞，在α，β晶界的某些区域存在条纹带，某些晶粒内部存在大量位错及其缠结．据此，证实该合金超塑性变形的主要机制是新晶粒挤入及晶界滑动．孔洞和位错运动松弛晶界活动引起的应力集中，能协调晶界滑动的连续进行．条纹带是晶界迁移的结果．     

Cu－Zn－Al形状记忆合金的超塑性

对Ｃｕ－２６．６９％Ｚｎ－３．８２％Ａｌ形状记忆合金的超塑性的研究结果表明，该合金具有良好的超塑性．合金是空洞敏感材料、其超塑性断裂属于空洞断裂．经超塑性变形后，合金的记忆性能提高，并在较大的热处理工艺参数范围内具有良好的记忆性能．     

TiAl基合金双态组织试样室温断裂的研究

采用预制缺口试样，测试了Ｔｉ－３３％Ａｌ－３％Ｃｒ－０．５％Ｍｏ（质量分数）合金双态组织材料的室温ＫＩＣ值．使用扫描电子显微镜，研究了薄板状试样内裂纹扩展动态过程；并采用透射电子显微镜，进一步研究了薄膜试样内裂纹扩展动态过程，以及裂纹尖端附近区域上的变形亚结构．试验结果表明，ＴｉＡｌ基合金双态组织试样表现出低的室温断裂韧性，归因于γ相晶粒内容易形成剪切带，造成了γ相晶粒对裂纹扩展表现出低的阻力．     

氢对Ti3Al基合金组合和性能的影响

本文研究了６００℃气相充氢对Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金组织和性能的影响，实验结果表明：气相充氢过程受氢在合金中的扩散过程所控制，而且是可逆的，在充氢过程中形成的氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡｌＨ在充氢温度下极易分解，在弯曲实验中，充氢后的Ｔｉ３Ａｌ基合金的最大抗弯强度和最大挠度值均随浓度增加而显著降低，断口形貌表明，氢在晶格中固溶和裂纹在氢化物Ｔｉ３ＡＨ（１１１）晶面缺陷处形成是导致合金机械性能降低的主要因素。     

Ti－Al－Ga系双相γ－TiAl合金的组织及室温拉伸性能

通过对Ｔｉ－Ａｌ－Ｇａ系γ－ＴｉＡｌ基（α２＋γ）双相合金的铸态及热等静压状态组织和室温拉伸性能的试验研究，发现Ｇａ能明显地改变合金的组织，降低Ｔｉ－４５Ａｌ－３Ｇａ合金中γ相晶格的ｃ／ａ比值，是改善（α２＋γ）双相合金室温抗拉强度和室温塑性的有效合金元素．     

Fe3Al合金的高温变形行为

用载荷松弛法对Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－２Ｔｉ合金在较高温度下的变形行为进行了研究．测定了Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－２Ｔｉ合金在高温变形时的载荷松弛曲线、应力减小因子Ｙ及激活能值,并对试样进行了显微结构观察．结果表明,Ｆｅ－２８Ａｌ－２Ｔｉ合金的高温变形是一个亚晶界吸收位错,而且不断向大角晶界转变的过程．     

应变速度对8090Al—Li合金拉伸性能的影响

用动态拉伸的方法研究了应变速率对８０９０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金拉伸性能的影响,应变速率的范围为１０＾－３－１０＾３Ｓ＾－１。结果表明,合金的强度和塑性随应变率的增加而增加。试样的ＳＥＭ和ＴＥＭ分析发现：准静态下的断裂为沿晶断裂;随着应变率的增加,断裂从穿晶准解理断裂过渡到由显微空穴聚集而成的韧窝断裂。高应变率下８０９０Ａｌ－Ｌｉ合金强度和塑性的提高与其变形机制的晶界无沉淀区的变化有关。     

高温变形时Al67Mn8Ti25的动态回复和动态再结晶

采用透射电子显微术研究了Ａｌ６７Ｍｎ８Ｔｉ２５金属间化合物高温拉伸变形后的显微组织．结果表明,该合金在１１７３Ｋ和８．３５×１０－５ｓ－１条件下的塑性变形过程是以动态回复为主,变形后晶粒内存在较高密度的位错、位错墙和位错网络;而在１１７３Ｋ及３．３４×１０－５ｓ－１条件下合金则发生了动态再结晶,变形后的组织为动态再结晶形成的新晶粒,晶粒内包含有稳定的亚晶界．Ａｌ６７Ｍｎ８Ｔｉ２５合金高温塑性变形是一典型的速率控制过程．由于该合金中的位错运动及与原子扩散有关的过程进行较为困难,故只有在足够高的温度和低的应变速率条件下才发生动态回复和动态再结晶,同时合金获得较高的拉伸塑性．     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the