一种新型茄子雄性不育系的发现和鉴定及遗传分析

为了明确新发现的茄子雄性不育系05ms的育性转换机制和遗传机理,该研究对其进行了生态学、形态学和遗传学分析.结果表明:05ms的雄性育性主要受温度控制,表现为低温不育、高温可育,不育性受1对隐性核基因控制,属温敏核雄性不育系.此类型雄性不育系在低温条件下不育性稳定,可以作为"两系"法制种的基础材料,在生产上具有广阔的应用前景.     

大白菜细胞核雄性不育基因向小白菜中转育的研究

以大白菜核基因雄性不育材料为不育源,根据细胞核复等位基因遗传假说,采用有性杂交方法,将大白菜核不育复等位基因转入小白菜获得了成功,在国内外率先育成了不株率和不育度均为100％的小白菜核基因雄性不育系。提出了小白菜核基因雄性不育系转育遗传模式。     

大白菜细胞核雄性不育基因的等位性检测

利用七个大白菜雄性不育两用系，采用完全双列杂交方法，对各雄性不育两用系不育基因的位点进行了检测．结果表明；甲型两用系（AB02、AB03、AB04、AB900）、乙型两用系（AB01、AB05、AB100）内各不育基因位点不同；甲、乙型两用系之间AB01、AB04为非等位基因控制其不育性．     

水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S不育性遗传的初步观察

以水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S配组的HD9802S／湘早92和HD9802S／荆楚15的F1和F2代为材料,对这两个杂交早籼稻组合F2群体的花粉育性进行了观察分析．结果表明,F2群体中可育株数和不育株数经卡平方测验符合3：1的理论比例,初步确定温敏核不育系HD9802S的雄性不育性由一对主效隐性核基因控制;同时根据F2群体花粉育性表现出连续分布的特征,推测其雄性不育性还受其他微效基因的影响。     

水稻红莲型细胞质雄性不育性及其恢复性的遗传

以花粉可育率和自然结实率为指标择红莲型细胞质雄性不育系丛系４１Ａ与其恢复系配制的Ｆ１,Ｆ２,ＢＣ１和ＢＣ２等世代的育性表现进行了调查,结果表明,红莲型细胞质雄性不纱丛广４１Ａ属配子体不育,其不育性受一对隐性核主基因和不育细胞质共同控制,其核不育基因与珍汕９７Ａ不等位。     

水稻光敏与温敏核不育基因之间互作效应与利用研究

选育不育期败育彻底、不育性稳定的光、温敏不育系是目前两系法杂交稻制种安全可靠的重要保证.本研究利用光敏不育系7001S与安全型温敏不育系广博S,广培S杂交,将农垦58S光敏不育基因与安农S温敏不育基因重组在一起.进行了重组体的不育性和不育稳定性研究.安农S核不育基因使得重组型光敏不育系的不育性变得非常稳定,不同来源的重组型光敏不育系互交杂种F2代光敏不育株率达70%以上,容易从中筛选到不育起点温度低的重组型光敏不育系.将光敏不育基因回交转移到广博S和广培S中,得到与广博S或广培S相似的重组型光敏不育系光广博S,光广培S,其不育起点温度提高.用光广博S(或光广培S)为父本与广博S(或广培S)杂交产生了不育起点温度极低的温敏不育F1代;用广博S与其重组型温敏不育近等基因系光温广博S杂交,其F1代不育起点温度也很低.研究表明,光敏不育基因与温敏不育基因重组,能够解决光敏不育系难获得和败育不彻底的问题;短日高温下,光敏不育性对温敏不育性表现上位作用;控制农垦58S不育类型不育起点温度表达的遗传因子与安农S不育类型的很可能不同,建立安全型温敏不育系的带有光敏不育基因的近等基因系(重组型光敏不育系或者重组型光温敏不育系),用其作为父本与安全型温敏不育系杂交,其F1代可代替安全型温敏不育系用于生产.     

野栽远缘杂交来源的反向温敏核雄性不育系不育性遗传研究

利用3个来源于野生稻与栽培稻杂交后代的反向温敏不育系R6S、N13S、Tb7S为材料,开展了反向温敏不育系不育性遗传研究,结果表明反向温敏不育系N13S的育性是细胞核内1对隐性基因控制的;Tb7S的育性是受隐性核基因控制的,F2代的育性分离比为9∶7,不育性状表现为2对基因的独立遗传;R6S的F2代育性分离比为37∶27,受细胞核内的3个隐性基因位点分别位于不同染色体上而通过互补作用的独立遗传.为进一步分离、定位及克隆有关这些反向温敏不育基因及发展分子标记辅助选择选育反向温敏不育系奠定了良好的遗传学基础.     

水稻短光敏不育系生育特性和育性观察

通过周年分期播种、短日处理和人工气候箱试验,对水稻短光敏核不育系的生育特性和育性变化进行了系统的观察.结果表明,短光敏核不育系D38S具有一定的短日低温不育特性,它的育性主要受光照长短控制,受温度变化影响小,其育性对光温的反应表现为长日照诱导下可育;D38S在三亚从12月14日至3月27日有较长且稳定的不育期,适合进行杂交种子生产.     

一个新质源大麦核质互作雄性不育系96f7A的选育及其遗传研究

报道了大麦核质互作型雄性不育系96f7A的选育过程及其形态特征和主要农艺性状,并研究了其雄性不育性状的遗传。结果表明,96f7A为二棱皮大麦,开颖开花,花药瘦小,不开裂,不散粉,不育彻底,农艺性状较好,其不育性状受1对隐性基因控制。该不育系的不育细胞质来自四川大麦地方品种,核不育基因由核品种的核可育基因天然隐性突变产生。     

基因转化创造植物杂种优势利用新方式的途径分析

普通核雄性不育性遗传方式能够满足对植物最佳雄性不育系选育的要求,如果能解决其不育系繁殖问题,将优于现有的其他杂种优势利用方式。借助基因工程技术,通过质体转化、位点特异性重组技术和特殊启动子的利用,操控可育基因和不育基因的表达,可能繁殖出100%不育株率的普通核雄性不育系,创造出普通核雄性不育性利用新途径。     

水稻光温敏雄性不育基因连锁标记的分离与鉴定

两系法杂交稻是一种利用水稻杂种优势的重要途径，主要依据水稻光温敏雄性不育系在不同条件下的育性转换用于配制杂交种．以培矮64S(PTGMS)与明恢63杂种自交的F2代为供试材料，采用随机放大多态性DNA(RAPD)技术分离与培矮64S的PTGMS基因连锁的分子标记．在F2代2个分别代表可育和不育的群体以及亲本株系中，采用100个RAPD引物扩放基因组DNA筛选多态性DNA片段．RAPD引物S8产生的DNA片段中，除重复顺序外，有一个长度为0．85kb片段为单拷贝．分子杂交表明，这一单拷贝标记与培矮64S的PTGMS基因连锁．     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice by in vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R1 plants were obtained. All of the 465 R1 plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R1 plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F1 of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F1 from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R1 plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F1 from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R1 plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

分子标记鉴定红莲型细胞质雄性不育杂交水稻组合及其亲本

利用RAPD分子标记对红莲型细胞质雄性不育(HL—CMS)杂交水稻组合及其亲本进行了DNA多态性分析。从124个随机引物中筛选出具有非常明显的多态性，且只能扩增出1～5个片段的4个引物能有效地区分和鉴定红莲型(HL)2个杂交水稻组合(粤泰系列，从广系列)的杂种及其亲本。     

Restorable variation of cytoplasmic type of male sterile line in rice byin vitro culture

Rice male sterile (MS) lines, IR66707A and IR69700A, which possess the cytoplasm of Oryza perennis and O. glumaepatula respectively, belong to the cytoplasmic type. Their sterility could be maintained but not be restored. By somatic cell culture of these two MS lines, 47 somaclones with 465 R₁ plants were obtained. All of the 465 R₁ plants were sterile in the spring season in Guangzhou. According to the expression of the R₁ plants and the level of similarity to their donor parents, they could be divided into three types. The plants of type Ⅰ were male sterile. The sterility of some somaclones of this type could be restored by the test crossing varieties or alternated to fertile by changes of some environmental conditions. The hybrid F₁ of test cross from the MS somaclones in type Ⅰ was fertile while the hybrid F₁ from the donor MS lines was still sterile. The R₁ plants of type Ⅱ were similar to the donor parents and also male sterile. The hybrid F₁ from all of the plants of type Ⅱ crossed to test variety were still sterile, so they did not possess restorability. For the somaclone of type Ⅲ, all of R₁ plants were sterile in both male and female organs. No seed was set in both conditions of self and cross pollination. The fact that the restorable variants obtained in the cytoplasmic type of MS lines of rice by in vitro culture reported here should be the first sample in somaclonal variation in plant kingdom.     

水稻光温敏核不育系4112S和YW-2S的开花习性观察

通过对水稻光温敏核不育系4112S和YW-2S的开花习性的观察,发现这两个不育系具有开花集中,颖花开颖时间长,张颖角度大,柱头外露率高,柱头生命力不太长且下降快等特点．并就其高产稳产的制种技术措施进行了讨论．     

Gene expression profiling under different photoperiod/temperature conditions in a photoperiod-/thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line of rice （Oryza sativa L.）

A photoperiod-sensitive genic male-sterile (PSGMS) line was found in 1973 as a spontaneous mutant of the rice variety Nongken 58 (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) in Hubei Province, China[1]. The fertility of this line was determined by day length and temperat…     

应用Bulked-DNA寻找白菜型油菜核雄性不育基因的RAPD标记

采用随机扩增多态ＤＮＡ（ＲＡＰＤ）标记方法从白菜型油菜核不育两用系中筛选出了一个与白菜型 油菜育性基因连锁的ＲＡＰＤ标记。该ＤＮＡ片段大小约０．７２ｋｂ,与育性基因之间的遗传连锁距离为６．０８ｃＭ,ＬＯＤ值为９．１０。     

小粒野生稻型细胞质雄性不育系的创建及其恢保关系鉴定

小野1A是由小粒野生稻(Oryza minuta Presl.)中天然不育株与Y58S/内香B杂种后代优秀单株经多代回交转育而成。由于该雄性不育细胞质来自小粒野生稻,称为XY型雄性不育细胞质。恢保关系鉴定结果表明,XY型细胞质雄性不育系与野败型(WA)、印尼水田谷型(ID)、K型和红莲型(HL)细胞质雄性不育系的恢保关系不同,WA型、ID型、K型和HL型的保持系和恢复系中部分可以作为XY型雄性不育细胞质的保持系,部分可以作为XY型雄性不育细胞质的恢复系。XY型雄性不育细胞质突破了WA型、ID型、K型和HL型等雄性不育细胞质的恢保关系,扩大了保持系育种范围,可以用品质优良的栽培品种培育出高标准优质米不育系。由此可见,XY型雄性不育细胞质的发掘,不仅丰富了杂交稻细胞质遗传多样性,而且为培育高标准优质米不育系、进而实质性提高杂交稻稻米品质开辟了一条崭新的育种途径。