评价硬质涂层机械性能的技术

描述了测定硬质涂层与基体间的结合力、显微硬度、断裂强度、耐磨性以及涂层刀具切削寿命试验的方法和原理。涂层与基体间的结合力是一种界面特性、是涂层能否实用的关键因素之一。采用四点弯曲法、扭转法、划痕法和压痕技术对硬质涂层(TiN和TiC)的结合力进行测定和评价。硬质涂层的断裂强度、显微硬度和耐磨性也是它的重要机械性能指标,本文对这些性能的测试技术也进行了论述。同时还就硬质涂层刀具的切削寿命进行试验,对其实际的使用效果进行评价。     

用四点弯曲法测定硬质涂层的结合力

本文详细地介绍了四点弯曲试验法测定硬质涂层结合力的方法和原理。对由CVD法在钢基上沉积TiC涂层的试样,进行四点弯曲试验,测定试样初始破坏时的载荷,并建立起计算结合力的公式。计算结果:在钢基上由CVD法沉积的TiC涂层,结合力约为86～119 kgf/mm~2。对结果进行比较和分析,认为:四点弯曲试验法,是对相似基体、同类涂层的结合力进行定量研究的一种可靠的新方法。对试验后的试样,用SEM进行开裂情况分析,探讨其断裂机制,并讨论了影响结合力的因素。从而为开发新材料、制订新工艺提供了依据。     

划痕试验法表征薄膜涂层界面结合强度

薄膜—基体界面结合性能是直接关系到膜—基体系最终使用性能和可靠性的关键因素和首要指标．划痕试验法是唯一广泛应用于测量硬质薄膜—基体界面结合强度的实用的检验方法．文中给出划痕试验法表征薄膜涂层界面结合强度的原理、方法与过程，以及临界载荷Lc的确定方法，分析影响临界载荷Lc和压头与薄膜—基体组合体之间摩擦系数μ因素．最后，介绍了常用划痕试验检测的薄膜体系及其特点与划痕形貌．     

气相沉积TiC/TiN涂层的组织和性能的研究

本文对气相沉积法(CVD和PVD)获得的TiC/TiN涂层,通过金相显微镜和扫描电镜的观察,x射线相结构分析,以及硬度、结合力、开裂情况的测定与分析,弄清了涂层的显微组织和相结构,提出了涂层的形成机制。测定结果表明,涂层与基体间的结合力,在高速钢基体上由PVD法沉积的TiN涂层约为7.09kgf/mm~2,在T10钢基体上由CVD法沉积的TiC涂层约为93.82kgf/mm~2。还探讨了涂层的断裂机制,讨论了涂层组织与性能之间的关系。本文的上述研究,为稳定、高效制备优质TiC/TiN涂层提供了依据。     

用扭转法测定硬质涂层与金属基体间的结合力

本文用扭转法配合声发射技术,对由物理气相沉积(PVD)的TiN涂层进行结合力测定,并建立起计算结合力的公式,通过计算得到较为满意的结果。它为涂层与基体间的结合力进行定量研究提供了一种新方法。     

钛金属表面不同预处理沉积生物活性硅酸钙

利用酸蚀法和微弧氧化法分别对医用钛金属表面进行处理,再经聚多巴胺表面活化修饰后,利用水热沉积法制备硅酸钙生物活性涂层,并研究聚多巴胺对经不同表面处理的医用钛金属生物诱导沉积CaSiO3能力的影响;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及附带的能谱仪(EDS)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对经不同表面预处理及其生物诱导沉积硅酸钙涂层的表面形貌、元素组成和相结构进行表征分析,划痕法测试涂层与基体结合力;利用接触角研究表面润湿性。结果表明:酸蚀和微弧氧化处理后的钛金属表面分别形成了沟壑状和微米孔状结构;微弧氧化再经聚多巴胺活化修饰后水热沉积,可以显著提高硅酸钙涂层的生物诱导沉积能力,硅酸钙的排列更致密、均匀,涂层与基体间结合力、润湿性改善。     

界面结合强度对Al_2O_3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

通过对Ａｌ２ Ｏ３／ 耐热钢基复合材料界面结合强度的测试,分析了不同涂层对界面结合力的影响,对不同颗粒涂层的复合材料进行了９００ ℃下的高温磨料磨损试验,并分析了界面结合力对复合材料高温抗磨性的影响．结果表明：颗粒的不同涂层对复合材料界面结合强度的影响较大;颗粒经Ｎｉ 涂层处理后与基体的界面结合力增强,作为抗磨硬质相表现出良好的高温抗磨性能;颗粒有ＴｉＮ 涂层的复合材料由于界面结合强度较低,因而高温抗磨性较差．     

界面结合强度对Al2O3/钢基复合材料高温抗磨性的影响

通过对Ａｌ２Ｏ３／耐热钢基复合材料界面结合强度的测试,分析了不同涂层对界面结合力的影响,对不同颗粒涂层的复合材料进行了９００℃下的高温磨料磨损试验,并分析了界面结合力对复合材料高温抗磨性的影响,结果表明：颗粒的不同涂层对复合材料界面结合强度的影响较大;颗粒经Ｎｉ涂层处理的与基体的界面结合力增强,作为抗磨硬质相表现出良好的高温抗磨性能;颗粒有ＴｉＮ涂层的复合由于界面结合强度较低,因而高温抗磨性较差。     

N80钢/SiO2基涂层/油井水泥石的界面特征研究

为了提高固井一界面的胶结强度,采用热化学反应法在N80钢制套管钢基体上制备SiO2基陶瓷涂层作为套管和水泥石之间的过渡层。通过X射线衍射结构分析、扫描电子显微镜和体视显微镜形貌观察以及划痕仪涂层结合力测试,研究了N80钢/SiO2基涂层/油井水泥石的界面微观结构特征和结合行为。结果表明,陶瓷涂层内部和陶瓷涂层/水泥石界面分别产生了新相MgAl2O4和Ca54MgAl2Si16O90;陶瓷涂层与钢基体结合力的临界载荷在40 N左右,陶瓷涂层的制备起到了提高套管与水泥石结合强度的作用。     

具有不同插入层的CrNx涂层的结构和性能

采用直流反应磁控溅射技术,在AISI 304不锈钢基体上镀制了三种具有不同插入层结构的CrNx涂层.用X射线晶体衍射仪(XRD)表征了涂层的晶体结构,用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察了涂层的横断面组织形貌,用原子力显微镜(AFM)观察分析了涂层的表面形貌,并用划痕法测试涂层的结合力,纳米硬度计测试涂层硬度.所有涂层都呈B1 NaCl型面心立方结构,具有明显的(200)择优取向.但是,具有不同插入层结构的涂层的晶体衍射峰的位移角度及方向不同.并且在具有Cr/CrNx多层交替结构作为插入层的涂层的晶体结构中出现     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.