N-二异丙氧磷酰化壳寡糖的合成与表征

通过壳寡糖和二异丙基亚磷酸酯在一种温和条件下发生Atherton-Todd反应,成功制备出了一种新型的壳寡糖含磷衍生物N-二异丙氧磷酰化壳寡糖.探讨了水与无水乙醇的体积比、壳寡糖与三乙胺的摩尔比、壳寡糖与二异丙基亚磷酸酯的摩尔比以及反应时间等因素对产品含磷量的影响.最后,对最优条件下合成的产品进行IR、1H-NMR、13C-NMR以及31P-NMR的表征,证明二异丙氧磷酰基已经成功嫁接到了壳寡糖的氨基上.这种简单而有效的方法为N-磷酰化壳聚糖衍生物的制备提供了一条新的途径.     

取代基上官能团位置对苄基壳聚糖衍生物液晶性的影响

合成了4种N-苄基化壳聚糖衍生物,即N-(2-羟基苄基)壳聚糖、N-(3-羟基苄基)壳聚糖、N-(4-羟基苄基)壳聚糖和N-(3-甲氧基-4-羟基苄基)壳聚糖(分别简写为NOCS、NMCS、NPCS和NMPCS),它们的取代基上官能团的数目和位置不同.N-取代度相近,分别为0.72,0.62,0.71和0.68.衍生物溶解在甲酸溶液中均呈现胆甾型溶致液晶相.用偏光显微镜法和折射率法测得各衍生物的液晶临界浓度w分别为28%,37%,24%和27%,均比纯壳聚糖的12%有很大提高,因为取代基的引入破坏了壳聚糖分子内与分子间非常强烈的氢键作用.通过分子模拟,对4种壳聚糖衍生物分别从分子内氢键作用与分子间氢键作用两个方面进行了比较.在分子内氢键方面,NOCS较强,NMCS、NPCS和NMPCS均较弱.在分子间氢键方面,NOCS较弱,NMCS居中,NPCS与NMPCS较强.将分子内或分子间氢键作用与临界浓度相联系,可见分子内氢键强(如NOCS)或者分子间氢键强(如NPCS,NMPCS),都显著地提高了分子链的刚性,分子链的排列与取向更加规整,因而降低了壳聚糖衍生物的液晶临界浓度,这两个因素只要具备一个即可.若两者都不强(如NMCS),则分子链的刚性较小,临界浓度明显较高(37%).对于该体系,氢键的强弱对液晶临界浓度有着决定性的影响.     

壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物抗菌机理的初步研究

以硝酸铈铵作催化剂,用甲基丙烯酰氧乙基-苄基-二甲基氯化铵和壳聚糖(Chitosan)反应得到一种含季铵离子的壳聚糖接枝共聚物(Chitosan-g-DMAE-BC ),对其抗菌活性进行了测试和抗菌机理进行了初步的研究.用悬液定量杀菌实验对大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)的抗菌特性 ;采用细菌活性实验TTC法和细菌细胞膜完整性的测定,探索了壳聚糖季铵盐型衍生物的抗菌机理.结果表明:壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌作用15 min,其杀灭率分别为99.70%和87.40%.壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物有较强的灭菌作用且抗菌机制是首先吸附.壳聚糖季铵盐衍生物吸附细菌后,破坏细菌的细胞膜,致使细胞质内的DNA和RNA流出,从而达到杀灭细菌的效果.     

N-取代吡啶酰胺与DNA作用的研究

合成了由N-芳环、氮杂环和脂肪烃取代的5种吡啶酰胺类化合物:N-苯基-吡啶-2-甲酰胺(L1),N-2-氯苯基-吡啶-2-甲酰胺(L2),N-2-硝基苯基-吡啶-2-甲酰胺(L3),N-2-吡啶基-吡啶-2-甲酰胺(L4)和N,N'-双(2-吡啶甲酰胺)-1,4-二乙烯三胺(L5),应用紫外光谱法、荧光光谱法、黏度法、表面增强拉曼光谱法及琼脂糖凝胶电泳法研究了5种化合物与DNA的相互作用.紫外光谱研究发现,随着DNA的加入,5种化合物的吸收带均出现减色效应,且伴随着微弱的红移现象.5种化合物对DNA与溴化乙锭(EB)复合体系的荧光有猝灭作用,测得线性Stern-Volmer常数Ksq分别为1.73(L1),0.92(L2),2.21(L3),1.32(L4)和0.77(L5),表明与DNA作用的增强顺序为:L5,L2,L4,L1,L3.这5种化合物对DNA黏度的影响呈现了不同的变化趋势.研究结果表明,L1,L2,L3和L4与DNA的作用为插入模式,而L5与DNA的作用可能为沟面结合或者静电作用模式.琼脂糖凝胶电泳实验显示,5种化合物能对pBR322 DNA进行一定程度的切割,随着化合物浓度的增加,开环构型DNA逐渐增多,超螺旋构型DNA逐渐减少;并且L3还能将切口环型DNA进一步切割成线型DNA.     

哌嗪及其N-取代衍生物的合成与生产

重点介绍了哌嗪及其N-取代衍生物的合成路线和国内生产现状.哌嗪可采用N-β-羟乙基乙二胺、二乙烯三胺、乙二胺、乙醇胺等原料合成,其中以N-β-羟乙基乙二胺为原料的路线是目前哌嗪最高效的合成路线.哌嗪N-取代衍生物可以通过哌嗪和N-烷基化试剂反应或相应的伯胺与环氧乙烷、氨气等环合来合成.因哌嗪及其N-取代衍生物的应用范围广且用量大,进行该类化合物的合成与生产具有很好的发展前景.     

α-氨基酸 α-氨基保护试剂亚磷酸二乙酯的研究

研究了亚磷酸二乙酯作为α-氨基酸的α-氨基保护试剂用于肽合成的可行性。合成了几种N-(O,O＇-二乙基磷酰基)-氨基酸及其甲酯和酰肼,以叠氮法制取了两种二肽。对N-(O,O＇-二乙基磷酰基)-氨基酸衍生物在2mol/L氢氧化钠,10％柠檬酸及85％水合肼中的稳定性作了考察,还探讨了用4mol/L HCl和三氟乙酸(TFA)脱除保护基的条件。     

N-磷酰化多巴胺与牛胰岛素弱相互作用的ESI-MS研究

用ESI-MS研究了一系列结构具有可比性的N-磷酰化多巴胺与牛胰岛素的非共价相互作用,比较了磷上不同烷氧取代基对相互作用影响.结果表明烷氧取代基上烷基碳原子个数和其排列顺序对二者相互作用有较大影响.取代基上碳链越长溶液中胰岛素的构象越趋于收缩,易于形成高计量比复合物;而支链或直链取代对胰岛素构象的影响程度差别不大.磷酰化多巴胺与胰岛素形成复合物的稳定性随着取代基的增长而增强;直链取代的磷酰化多巴胺与胰岛素形成的复合物比支链取代的磷酰化多巴胺与其形成的复合物稳定.这一结论对设计合成新型多巴胺类化合物有一定的指导意义.     

光谱法研究PBBHAMF与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用

以小牛胸腺DNA为研究对象,探讨了4’-苯基-3-溴-8-[N,N-二(2-羟基乙基)氨基甲基]黄酮(PB-BHAMF)与小牛胸腺DNA之间的相互作用模式.在以吖啶橙(AO)为荧光探针的实验中,DNA-AO复合物的荧光被PBBHAMF猝灭,其猝灭过程主要为静态猝灭;DNA的存在使PBBHAMF的紫外光谱发生了减色效应,DNA的粘度增大,CD光谱274 nm处信号发生变化,这些都能判断PBBHAMF与DNA发生了嵌插结合.此外,红外光谱结果表明PBBHAMF与DNA还存在静电结合.     

N-烷基壳聚糖的羽毛状结晶

将N-甲基壳聚糖或N-乙基壳聚糖的甲酸溶液在高真空中浇铸成膜.然后将浇铸膜在25 ℃和65％相对湿度的环境中结晶化得到羽毛状结晶.这种羽毛状结晶不同于低真空处理的浇铸膜内生长的球晶.除了形态不同外，双折射符号也完全不同，前者是负的，而后者是正的.羽毛状结晶应是树枝状结晶的一种，但前者的晶带是弯曲的，而后者的晶带基本上是直的.     

刚果红与β-环糊精及其衍生物的包合物与DNA的作用研究

用荧光光谱法、紫外-可见分光光度法在生理条件下（pH-7．41）研究了β-环糊精（β-CD）、6-去氧-（N-胺乙基）环糊精（CR—β—CDen）分别与刚果红（CR）的包合作用;研究了CR,（CR—β—CD）和（CR—p—CDen）超分子体系与小牛胸腺DNA的相互作用。紫外滴定实验结果表明：（1）β-环糊精和6-去氧-（N-胺乙基）环糊精都与客体分子刚果红发生超分子作用;（2）CR,CR—pCD,CR-β-CDen与小牛胸腺DNA作用的结合常数Kb值分别为4．1×10^4L／mol,1．36×10^5L／mol,2．33×10^5L／mol,表明超分子体系CR-β-CDen与DNA的相互作用最强。荧光实验结果表明三种化合物CR,CR—β—CD,CR-β-CDen的荧光强度随着CT—DNA的增加而增大,其中环糊精衍生物CR—β—CDen荧光增强效果是最好的。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with