碳纳米管在碳纤维纸上的生长研究

采用酞菁铁(FePc)作为碳源和催化剂源,利用化学气相沉积(CVD)法在碳纤维纸(CFP)上生长碳纳米管(CNTs),从而制备了碳纳米管/碳纤维纸复合材料,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)测试、X射线衍射(XRD)测试、接触角测试、电导率测试和孔隙率测试等方法对其结构和性能进行了表征.结果表明,碳纳米管能在碳纤维纸表面生长;表面生长碳纳米管后,碳纤维纸的疏水性、孔隙率和电导率均有所提高.     

选择性湿法刻蚀制备内嵌碳纳米管的沟槽结构

提出一种“自下而上”的纳米结构的制备方法。在生长有碳纳米管的氧化硅表面沉积数纳米的钯金属膜后, 用氢氟酸刻蚀, 得到完全由碳纳米管引导的沟槽结构, 并且碳纳米管沿沟槽分布在其底部。通过导电原子力显微镜对沟槽内的碳纳米管的表征, 发现其仍然具有良好的导电性。在碳纳米管和钯金属膜之间增加一层磁控溅射沉积的氧化硅, 可以增加沟槽的深宽比。通过降低钯金属膜的致密程度, 沟槽的开口宽度可降至100 nm左右。该方法制备的结构可以进一步用来构建基于碳纳米管的纳电子器件。     

Electrocatalytic dechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl using an aligned carbon nanotubes electrode deposited with palladium nanoparticles

Palladium loaded carbon nanotubes cathode with well-aligned nanotubes array was successfully fabricated on a titanium foil (Pd/CNTs/Ti) using a chemical vapor deposition technique and subsequent electrochemical deposition method. Pd particles were well dispersed on CNTs wall surfaces with average sizes no more than 20 nm, in most cases around 10 nm. Experiments for dechlorination of 2,4,5-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 29) in methanol/water solution were carried out for the first time using Pd/CNTs/Ti cathode for investigation of its performance in electrocatalytic dechlorination of PCBs. Results show that Pd/CNTs/Ti presented better dechlorination efficiency (up to 90% in 6 h) than Pd/Ti and Pd/graphite cathodes owing to unique properties owned by CNTs, which benefited enhanced dechlorination of PCB 29. Complete dechlorination for PCB 29 was observed and biphenyl was identified to be final dechlorination product. The amount of Pd loading, cathode potential, and electrolytes were found to be key factors influencing dechlorination performance.     

化学镀CuNiP-碳纳米管复合材料的制备与表征

用化学镀的方法在多壁碳纳米管表面沉积Cu—Ni—P合金,制备碳纳米管复合材料．并对制备出来的复合材料进行透射电子显微镜（TEM）和X-射线衍射（XRD）表征．通过XRD对已制备的化学镀合金分析．得出沉积铜为立方面心结构而镍是非晶态．TEM观察复合碳纳米管,发现在其表面沉积有分散均匀纳米级的金属颗粒,Cu-Ni-P合金呈球形．     

Effects of Temperature and Catalyst Concentration on the Growth of Aligned Carbon Nanotubes

The effects of preheating and pyrolysis temperatures and catalyst concentration on the synthesis of aligned carbon nanotubes （CNTs） using ferrocene as the catalyst and xylene as the carbon source in chemical vapor deposition were experimentally studied. The as-grown aligned CNTs were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy, transmission electronic microscopy, high-resolution transmission electronic microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. The growth rate, the diameters, and the degree of crystal structure of the aligned CNTs were all found to depend on the preheating and pyrolysis temperatures and the catalyst concentration. The optimized conditions for the growth of aligned CNTs resulted in a rapid growth rate of 20.4 um/min, with the CNTs having a good, uniform crystal structure, and clean surfaces with little amorphous carbon. The results also show that higher preheating temperatures and lower ferrocene concentrations favor the growth of single-walled CNTs.     

三维互通CNTs/Cu复合材料的制备及力学性能研究

对CuCr合金粉末固溶时效处理之后进行预烧结,得到CuCr预压块。以此预压块为基底,采用化学气相沉积（chemical vapor deposition, CVD）工艺和放电等离子烧结（sparking plasma sintering, SPS）工艺成功制备了三维互通的碳纳米管/铜（carbon nanotubes/Cu, CNTs/Cu）复合材料。采用扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscope, SEM）,拉曼光谱仪等表征碳纳米管的微观组织结构,利用微拉伸试验机测试复合材料的力学性能。研究结果表明,Cr作为催化剂,对碳纳米管的形貌影响很大,碳纳米管的质量也会对复合材料的力学性能产生影响。当Cr的质量分数为0.6%时,碳纳米管在铜基体表面均匀分布,CNTs/Cu复合材料的力学性能最佳。经SPS烧结和轧制之后,复合材料的导电率和屈服强度分别达到了82.4% IACS和349 MPa,断裂伸长率高达6.4%,这是由于CNTs的加入,起到了第二相强化的作用,提高了复合材料的力学性能。     

Decoration of activated carbon nanotubes by assembling nano-silver

A facile solution processed strategy of synthesizing nano silver assembled on carbon nanotubes (CNTs) at room temperature was put forward. Activated carbon nanotubes were used as precursors for preparing silver-decorated nanotubes. The nature of the decorated nanotubes was studied using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The inert surfaces of carbon nanotubes were activated by introducing catalytic nuclei via an oxidation-sensitization-activation approach. Activated carbon nanotubes catalyzed the metal deposition specifically onto their surfaces upon immersion in electroless plating baths. The method produced nanotubes decorated with silver. The extent of silver decoration was found to be dependent on fabrication conditions. Dense nano silver assembled on nanotube surfaces could be obtained by keeping a low reaction rate in the solution phase. The results here show that this method is an efficient and simple means of achieving carbon nanotubes being assembled by nano metal.     

催化剂、基底对ECR-CVD法制备碳纳米管的影响

采用电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术(ECR CVD),CH4和H2为气源,分别以Fe3O4,Co纳米粒子及Fe(NO)3溶胶为催化剂在多孔硅基底上制备了碳纳米管;在Si(111)和石英基底上以Fe3O4纳米粒子为催化剂实现了碳纳米管的生长·使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的形貌、尺寸及结构进行表征·讨论了催化剂和基底对碳纳米管形貌、密度和取向性的影响·结果表明:催化剂影响碳纳米管的成核密度和生长速度,基底通过影响催化剂的特性和分布均匀性,对碳纳米管的形貌和生长模式产生重要影响,以Fe3O4为催化剂在多孔硅上实现了碳纳米管的最优定向生长·     

气流控制的碳纳米管的定向生长研究

通过严格控制气流的方向和催化剂颗粒的密度,加以利用材料自身的重力作用,用热化学气相沉积（T-CVD）的方法在硅衬底上制备了长度可控且与衬底平行的碳纳米管（CNTs）。并研究了催化剂的厚度,生长时间和重力等因素对碳纳米管定向生长的影响。利用扫描电镜对制备的碳纳米管进行了表征。     

Growth of graphite film over the tops of vertical carbon nanotubes using Ni/Ti/Si substrate

A substrate with Ni/Ti/Si structure was used to grow vertical carbon nanotubes (CNTs) with a graphite fihn over CNT tops by thermal chemical vapor deposition with CH₄ gas as carbon source. The carbon nanotubes and the substrate were characterized by a field emission scanning electron microscope for the morphologies, a transmission electron microscope for the microstructures, a Raman spectrograph for the ctystallinity, and an Auger electron spectrometer for the depth distribution of elements. The result shows that when the thickness ratio of Ni layer to Ti layer in substrate is about 1, a graphite film with relatively good quality can be formed on the CNT tops.     

Microst ructure andflexural properties of carbon/ca rbon composite with in-situ grown carbon nanotube as secondary reinforcement

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were in-situ grown in carbon felts using ferric chloride as catalyst and natural gas as carbon precursor via thermal gradient chemical vapor infiltration (TGCVI). Subsequently, the carbon felts were densified to obtain CNT reinforced carbon/carbon (C/C) composites in the same furnace. Effects of CNTs on the microstructure and flexural property of C/C composites were investigated by polarized light microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and universal mechanical testing machine. The results of PLM observation and Raman analysis showed that CNTs have two-sided effects on the microstructure of pyrocarbon: the pyrocarbons in the region without CNTs show medium texture; while, in the region full of CNTs, the microstructure was low-textured or even isotropic though the TGCVD conditions would lead to the deposition of pure low texture pyrocarbons. Analysis based on stress-strain curves demonstrated that the flexural strength increased first and then decreased with the CNT content increasing. When the CNT content was 5.23 wt%, the flexural strength was maximum and had a nearly 35% improvement compared with pure C/C composite. Besides, after adding CNTs, the flexural modulus of the composites decreased and the ductility increased obviously, indicating CNTs can toughen C/C composites.     

硼掺杂对碳纳米管形貌和结构的影响

以Fe3O4纳米粒子为催化剂,CH4,B2H6和H2为气源,采用电子回旋共振微波等离子体化学气相沉积技术(ECR CVD)在多孔硅基底上制备出了掺硼碳纳米管薄膜·使用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、能量色散X射线谱(EDX)和X射线光电子谱(XPS)对样品的形貌、结构及组分进行表征·结果表明:通入B2H6后,纳米管的形貌和结构均发生了变化·生长气氛中硼的存在使得高取向性密集碳纳米管转变为较为分散且取向性很差的纳米管·从中空结构转变为类竹节结构,同时多壁管外径增大,管壁增厚,表面变得粗糙,并导致纳米管的生长速度降低,长度减小·     

新型明胶基碳纳米管骨架活性炭的制备

催化裂解法制备的碳纳米管(CNTs)经混酸纯化后,均匀分散到明胶的溶液中,用乙醇析出得到明胶/碳纳米管海绵前驱体,再通过炭化、氢氧化钾活化处理制备出明胶基碳纳米管骨架活性炭.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和透射电子显微镜(TEM)对样品的表面形貌进行表征,结果显示:碳纳米管能够很好地被明胶包覆,并均匀分散在整个基体中.比表面和孔结构测试结果表明:随着碳纳米管含量的增大,活性炭样品比表面积和总孔容先增大后减小.此外,还对明胶基碳纳米管骨架活性炭孔结构的形成机理进行了分析讨论.     

碳纳米管改性的蜡基复合粘结剂

通过熔融共混将功能化的碳纳米管引入到蜡基粘结剂中,得到碳纳米管改性的复合粘结剂.扫描电镜(SEM)显微照片显示,功能化的碳纳米管能均匀分散在粘结剂基体中.偏光显微照片和热性能分析结果表明,碳纳米管的加入能有效地提高粘结剂的结晶度和热稳定性,进而改善生坯在脱脂时的保形性.碳纳米管与粘结剂的非共价键结合有助于碳纳米管的均匀分散,更可能有利于复合材料成型后的脱脂.     

Advanced technology for functionalization of carbon nanotubes

Functionalization of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) has attracted considerable interest in the fields of physics, chemistry, material science and biology. The functionalized CNTs exhibit improved properties enabling facile fabrication of novel nanomaterials and nanodevices. Most of the functionalization approaches developed at present could be categorized into the covalent attachment of functional groups and the non-covalent adsorption of various functional molecules onto the surface of CNTs. This review highlights recent development and our work in functionalization of carbon nanotubes, leading to bio-compatible CNTs, fluorescent CNTs and transition metal functionalized CNTs. These novel methods possess advantages such as simplified technical procedures and reduced cost of novel nanomaterials and nanodevices fabrication.     

多壁碳纳米管表面修饰化学官能团的定量分析

碳纳米管因其独特的结构及物理化学性质,已迅速成为化学、物理学、生物学及材料科学的研究热点。尽管在碳纳米管的定性表征方面发展了 许多成熟的技术,对其表面功能化化学基团的定量分析却相对滞后,目前已公开报道的文献较少且大多局限于单壁碳纳米管的分析,对多壁碳纳米管这方面的系统研究还未见报道。本文首先合成了羧基化、 氨基化两种多壁碳纳米管及三取代的羧基化C60,对多壁碳纳米管表面修饰的羧基和氨基进行了定量分析。结果发现酸碱滴定法是较为准确的测定多壁碳纳米管表面羧基含量的方法,脱Fmoc基团方法则能够 简单准确地定量功能化碳纳米管表面氨基的含量。     

悬臂碳纳米管纯弯问题的非局部弹性解

基于Eringen非局部弹性理论和圆柱壳半无矩理论,研究了悬臂碳纳米管的纯弯曲问题。计及小尺度效应的影响,给出了单臂碳纳米管的应力-应变关系,得到了内力场和位移场的理论解。研究结果表明,对半径较小的碳纳米管,尺度效应较为明显。随着碳纳米管的半径增大,尺度效应逐渐减小。当碳纳米管的半径大于或等于8 nm时,可以忽略尺度效应的影响。     

碳纳米管／废胶粉复合材料的实验研究

通过机械混合方法将碳纳米管与废胶粉制备复合材料。结果表明：随着搅拌时间的变化,阻尼性能在搅拌10min时,出现一个最大值;复合材料内部出现了碳纳米管的富集区域和碳纳米管较少的区域,搅拌10min时界面结合相对较好;随着碳纳米管质量的增加,废胶粉复合材料的阻尼性能逐渐减小,拉伸强度则呈现和阻尼性能相抵触的规律。     

碳纳米管增强硬质合金的制备及性能研究

为改善硬质合金中增强体碳纳米管（carbon nanotubes,CNTs）的团聚问题,采用化学镀Ni方法对CNTs进行表面改性,利用气压烧结工艺制备了WC-10Co-CNTs硬质合金和WC-10Co-CNTs/Ni硬质合金。对镀Ni前后CNTs的表面形貌、结构及成分进行了分析表征,并研究了CNTs和CNTs/Ni对硬质合金组织及性能的影响。结果表明,CNTs经化学镀改性处理后,表面包覆了致密的纳米Ni颗粒,团聚现象明显改善;在WC-10Co中添加CNTs或CNTs/Ni后可以有效地细化硬质合金的晶粒,降低孔隙率;和未添加的比较,添加质量分数0.1%的CNTs的硬质合金和添加质量分数0.1%的CNTs/Ni的硬质合金抗弯强度分别提高了17.5%和28.2%,热扩散系数分别提高了23.5%和42.8%。     

碳纳米管/天然橡胶复合材料的物理性能

为拓展碳纳米管应用领域,开发新型橡胶纳米复合材料,在碳纳米管预处理基础上,通过机械混炼方法将碳纳米管与天然橡胶复合。研究表明,与传统炭黑增强样品相比,碳纳米管在橡胶中的混入速度快,温升幅度小,混炼胶的硫化返原现象减轻。经过分散粘合体系处理,碳纳米管在橡胶中的分散性及界面粘合状况改善,热处理后复合材料的整体力学性能提高,对比炭黑增强样品,碳纳米管复合材料的弹性模量和玻璃化转变温度高,回弹及动态压缩性能好,并且热稳定性较高。