气升式反应器气液混合及传质特性的CFD模拟

气液混合时间和体积传质系数是气升式反应器设计和放大的重要参数。采用实验与流体动力学CFD数值模拟技术相结合的方法对气升式内环流反应器的气液两相混合和溶氧过程开展研究。以欧拉-欧拉模型为基础,利用标准k-ε及多尺度气泡(MUSIG)模型耦合Higbie渗透理论进行计算,对反应器内气液两相流的混合和氧传质进行CFD数值模拟。考察示踪剂进样位置和表观气速对混合时间的影响,并研究表观气速对体积传质系数的作用规律。结果表明:示踪剂注射位置越靠近曝气区,气液混合时间越小,在一定表观气速下,混合时间随着表观气速的增大而减小,体积传质系数则随着表观气速的提高而增大,CFD数值模拟结果与实验结果较好吻合,进一步验证了CFD数值模拟技术在气升式反应器设计和放大中的可行性。     

自吸式反应器的数值模拟及在酵母发酵中的应用

采用计算流体力学(CFD)模拟和酵母发酵实验相结合的方法,研究自吸式反应器内的气液两相流动及传质。基于对自吸式反应器内流体流动、气液相际传质的研究,采用加置气体分布器的方法强化自吸式反应器内流体力学传递性能,并将数值模拟结果应用于酵母发酵。结果表明:在相同的培养条件下,加装气体分布器的自吸式反应器培养酵母比无气体分布器的自吸式反应器产率平均提高23.64%。     

操作参数对催化裂解旋流反应器流动梯度场的影响

为揭示旋流反应器内生物质热解气与催化剂的混合流动状态,加速生物质热解气的催化裂解,利用本实验室自制的生物质催化裂解旋流反应器,采用k-ε模型与Eulerian双流体模型进行模拟分析,研究了入口气速和催化剂粒径对反应器内的固相体积分数、压力、速度的影响规律,并进行了实验验证。结果表明:速度变量下,轴向气相速度的改变对于反应器内的体积分数分布影响较小,而切向气相速度的影响较大。接触主反应区内,催化剂粒径为10μm左右时,混合程度最优;在反应分离耦合区内,颗粒粒径改变对分离效果无显著影响。4种催化剂粒径工况下,粒径10μm状态更有利于气固两相的分离;入口速度改变时,较大的切向入口速度可导致气体流量增大,有利于反应器内的气固流动,提升气固分离效果。     

自吸式涡轮搅拌桨的性能研究

系统地测定了自吸式双圆盘六叶涡轮桨应用于气-液-固三相浆态搅拌反应器的性能。研究了吸入气体的临界转速、表征搅拌桨对气体抽吸能力的吸气压力、气体自吸的吸入流量、搅拌功率、气含率、气液分散性能和气液传质规律,以及固体催化剂颗粒的悬浮问题。采用磁钢密封结合自吸式涡轮搅拌桨的三相浆态搅拌反应器,比较适宜于精细化学品合成的工艺研究及本征动力学测定,并对中小规模三相浆态反应工艺的连续化生产提供了可行性研究。     

高气液比气液两相流管内相分隔特性

管内相分隔技术是一种先进的多相流处理技术,为多相流分离和测量提供了新的思路。但是目前对多相流管内相分隔特性及流动机理的研究较少,一定程度上限制了该技术的应用。利用数值模拟的方法,对高气液比气液两相流管内相分隔特性进行了研究,并通过实验方法加以验证。高气液比气液两相流在旋流器的作用下被调整为气核-液环流型,即形成管内相分隔状态。研究结果表明,旋流器叶片角度为45°时相分隔效果最好;在气液两相流管内相分隔状态下,液环维持距离约为160 mm;气液两相进口流速和液相粒径对相分隔效果有较大影响,当进口速度大于5 m/s,液相粒径大于0.05 mm时,能够取得较好的相分隔效果。研究结论为基于管内相分隔技术的高气液比气液两相流分离和测量提供了理论支持。     

铁基载氧体化学链燃烧还原过程的数学模型

为了研究铁基载氧体的反应特性,基于未反应缩核模型建立了移动床内铁基载氧体颗粒还原过程的一维数学模型.模型中考虑了铁基载氧体与H2、CO的多级还原反应,气体组分体积分数模拟值与实验值的平均误差为6.9％,总还原度的平均误差为11.2％.研究表明:铁基载氧体在移动床反应器内最终还原度约为23％,主要进行的反应是第一级和第二级还原反应,第一级和第二级还原度分别为95％和40％;提高反应器内温度、选择合适的载氧体粒径及气固比有助于增加反应的深度,提高合成气及铁基载氧体的利用率,载氧体粒径建议取1 ～2mm.     

沸腾态气-液-固搅拌槽内宏观混合时间的研究

在直径为0.476m的椭圆底搅拌槽内,采用电导率法研究了沸腾态气-液-固三相体系内混合时间特性。主要考察分散相(气体、颗粒)和功耗对混合时间的影响。实验结果表明：沸腾态搅拌槽内,同转速条件下,颗粒体积分数对单位质量功大小影响较小;仅转速高于480r/min范围内,表观气速增加,体系单位质量功略有下降。颗粒临界悬浮转速随颗粒体积分数的增加而增加,但不随表观气速的变化而发生变化。沸腾态气-液-固三相体系内,混合时间随表观气速或颗粒体积分数的升高而延长。     

离心泵气蚀性能的数值计算与分析

为了对离心式叶片泵发生气蚀时的内部气-液两相流动进行深入分析,应用计算流体力学(CFD)技术对一台比转速为191的离心泵的气蚀性能进行了定常数值计算,得到了气蚀发生时泵内部气-液两相分布规律和温度分布规律,并对临界气蚀余量(NPSHc)时叶轮内部的气泡分布规律进行了探讨,得到了泵在临界气蚀余量时外特性下降的原因;对该实型泵进行了实验研究,实验结果验证了数值计算的准确度.     

结构参数对内联式脱液器分离性能的影响

内联式脱液器是一种基于离心力作用并利用气液两相之间密度差进行气液相间分离的紧凑、高效型气液分离设备,因其可以减小自重及节省空间,且可在平台及海底应用而受到越来越多的关注。建立了一组内联式脱液器的数值结构模型,采用计算流体力学(CFD)方法对其进行数值模拟研究。通过分析内联式脱液器内部的速度场及压力场分布情况,总结出影响内联式脱液器分离效率及压力损失的关键结构参数,包括叶片结构参数、分离腔长径比、气体出口管管径及深入长度、排液管管径等。同时,针对叶片结构参数(叶片数目及导向出口角)对内联式脱液器分离性能的影响,进行了数值模拟研究,推选出涡流发生器内最优的叶片结构参数(叶片数目为8,叶片出口角度为45°),从而可为后续内联式脱液器的结构优化、分离性能提升以及降低能耗提供一定的参考。     

泥沙颗粒直径及体积分数对高比转速离心泵的影响

基于小粒径固液两相流在高比转速离心泵内运动比较复杂的情况,以黄河含沙水为工作介质,采用改变颗粒直径和含沙水颗粒体积分数的方法,借助Mixture多相流模型扩展的标准k-ε湍流方程与simple算法,应用CFD软件对小粒径颗粒在高比转速离心泵内的流动进行数值模拟.通过内流场的速度、压力与颗粒分布,分析粒径大小对泵内固体颗粒运动的影响和进口固相初始体积分数对泵内压力和固相分布的影响,给出离心式泵叶轮的磨损特性.计算结果表明,相同的泥沙体积分数条件下,水泵的扬程随着颗粒直径的增大而下降,相同的泥沙颗粒直径条件下,水泵的扬程随着含沙水流中泥沙体积分数的增大而下降.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.