武汉市城市湖泊演化及开发利用初探

城市湖泊主要指位于建成区及其邻近正在非农化地区中的湖泊,也包括位于中心城市周围点状展布的卫星城镇区域范围内的湖泊．在分析武汉市湖泊现状特征的基础上,探讨了三国时期以来武汉市城市湖泊演化的过程与规律,提出了武汉市湖泊开发利用的基本思路．指出武汉市城市湖泊众多,可分为东沙湖水系、汤逊湖水系、北湖水系、墨水湖-龙阳湖-南太子湖（北太子湖）水系、东西湖水系等湖泊群．认为它们的形成演化、开发利用和保护同城市化过程关系极为密切,明代以来武汉市湖泊变化最为显著．提出了合理永续利用湖泊资源、发展湖泊经济、建设“湖城武汉”、加大湖泊保护力度等建议和对策．     

武汉市湖泊演变与合理开发利用

武汉市湖泊是江汉湖群的一部分，属于浅水型湖泊。近50年来，湖泊面积和生态环境在自然因素和人为活动影响下发生了深刻的变化。该通过分析，揭示了在自然条件下，湖泊环境变化主要受气候和河流水位的影响；在人为因素中，主要是受圈垦和城市化的影响，而主导因素是人类活动。在湖泊的开发利用方面，本考虑到武汉市所面临的环境问题，确定湖泊的主导功能应以生态服务为主，开发与保护相结合，以实现湖泊资源的可持续发展利用。     

近20年武汉城市化与湖泊演化的时空耦合研究

以1995、2000、2005、2010年武汉市Landsat遥感影像为主要数据来源,运用耦合度方法,研究近20年(1991—2010年)来武汉市城市化过程、湖泊演化过程以及二者的时空耦合关系。结果发现:(1)武汉市城市化在1991—2001年速度较慢,2001—2010年速度增快;(2)武汉市湖泊总面积1995—2000年减少,2000—2010年增大,其中主城区的湖泊面积一直在减小;(3)整体上城市化与湖泊从中心城区的颉颃关系逐步过渡到边缘城区和郊区的协调和不相关关系。     

如何保护湖泊的可持续发展

随着城市的快速发展，湖泊管理与保护面临着严峻的问题。本文就如何保护湖泊的可持续发展提出了各种手段和措施．     

北方地区淡水危机与湖泊生态恢复

把水资源危机严重的北方地区作为研究区域，分析了北方地区湖泊生物多样性的历史与现状，阐述了长期以来北方地区湖泊管理的误区，建立了湖泊生态安全评价指标体系，提出了北方地区湖泊恢复与可持续发展对策：以确定湖泊生态环境需水量为核心，为湖泊实施科学管理；加强湿地保护和恢复、重建；大力发展适合我国国情的生态环境工程。     

江汉湖群湖泊资源特点及其开发利用保护

在大量野外调查和遥感分析的基础上，讨论了湖北省江汉平原及鄂东沿江平原湖区湖泊资源的特点，湖泊环境变化及其发展趋势，针对湖区面临的生态环境压力，进而提出了湖区合理开发，利用和保护的思路和建议。     

我国城市湖泊富营养化状况与监测

水是生命之源,也是城市发展的基础,我国城市湖泊水质的日趋富营养化,导致水质进一步恶化,严重制约了城市的持续发展。现在全世界都十分重视湖泊的富营养化问题,在2009年11月份武汉召开的第十三界世界湖泊大会上分析了湖泊富营养化的严重形势,为了人类的可持续发展．提出了让湖泊修养生息。分析湖泊中水质参数,了解水环境中生物生存状态,可以更好地分析出城市湖泊水生态健康状况。浮游植物是水体的初级生产者．浮游植物对水质的变化有着特殊的敏感性,可通过对浮游植物情况结合水质理化参数进行分析,全面掌握水生态的健康状况．对水体营养状态进行客观的分析,为更好地保护水环境提供科学的数据支持,对城市湖泊的富营养化现状的治理进行有益的探索。     

巴州湖泊现状研究

湖泊相关数据的完整与准确是对湖泊进行研究的重要基础。新疆巴州的内陆湖泊在过去的近20年中发生了较大的变化．但其对应的数据却没有得到相应的更新。本文利用国内关于湖泊的最新研究成果以及相关的软件和论著，采用归纳总结的方法，分析了近20年巴州湖泊的变化，按湖泊类型总结了巴州湖泊变化的详细情况，得到了巴州湖泊动态变化的一些新结论。     

湖泊富营养化的防治对策研究

针对我国湖泊水体富营养化对湖泊水质的危害和影响．提出了防治湖泊水体富营养化的一系列措施，指出防治湖泊富营养化是一项复杂的系统工程，必须坚持从控制污染源出发．重点开展生态修复、完善管理，有计划分层次地逐步实施。     

湖泊型景区水体保护对策——以白龙湖国家级风景名胜区为例

文以白龙湖国家级风景名胜区规划为例，介绍了如何在湖泊型景区中保护好珍贵的水资源，实现景区可持续发展，研究湖泊型景区水体保护的对策。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.