珍珠鸟和家鸡甲状旁腺激素3型受体(PTH3R)的结构与表达图谱分析

甲状旁腺激素(PTH)与动物钙稳态调控和骨代谢平衡相关,其生理作用是通过甲状旁腺激素受体(PTHR)介导。甲状旁腺激素受体家族包括三个不同的亚型,其中甲状旁腺激素3型受体(PTH3R)在非哺乳类脊椎动物生长发育过程中起着重要作用,然而PTH3R在鸟类中的研究则相对较少。 本研究采用RT-PCR方法,首先克隆了珍珠鸟和家鸡的PTH3R基因全长cDNA序列。结果显示,家鸡PTH3R (cPTH3R) cDNA全长1632 bp,编码543个氨基酸,珍珠鸟PTH3R(zPTH3R-w) cDNA序列全长1563 bp,编码520个氨基酸,其蛋白均含有信号肽序列、七次跨膜区等特征性结构。此外,在珍珠鸟中还发现一个新剪接变体zPTH3R-v1,其cDNA序列全长1468 bp,编码488个氨基酸,其缺失了第3外显子进而导致第1跨膜结构域缺失。利用生物信息学方法,我们还对珍珠鸟和家鸡PTH3R蛋白序列进行三维建模。 采用RT-PCR方法,本研究也对珍珠鸟PTH3R基因进行组织表达分析。结果显示,zPTH3R及其剪切变体zPTH3R-v1在珍珠鸟脑及外周组织中广泛表达。珍珠鸟和家鸡PTH3R基因的成功克隆与结构解析,将为下一步开展PTH3R在鸟类中的功能研究奠定重要基础。     

家猪BMP-2、BMP-3基因克隆及其组织表达探究

本研究以长白猪(Landrace)肺cDNA为模板,扩增获得猪骨形态发生蛋白BMP-2和BMP-3基因的cDNA全长.BMP-2基因cDNA全长为1742bp,编码395个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、牛、绵羊、大鼠、小鼠等的BMP-2基因的氨基酸序列一致性分别94.18%,95.4%,95.2%,90.3%,90.60%;BMP-3基因cDNA全长为1639bp,编码475个氨基酸的前体蛋白,猪与人、牛、绵羊、大鼠、小鼠等的BMP-3氨基酸序列的一致性分别是84.7%、87.7%、82.3%、80.4%、79.5%.采用RT-PCR方法,对BMP-2、3基因在家猪主要组织的表达进行探究.结果显示:BMP-2在所有组织中均有表达;而BMP-3在脑、肺、小肠中表达量较高,其他组织中表达量弱.     

猪SOSC1、SOCS3和SOCS4基因克隆及组织表达研究

本文以长白猪(Landrace)大脑cDNA为模板,克隆得到长白猪细胞因子抑制因子SOCS-3基因,并首次克隆得到长白猪SOCS-1和SOCS-4基因.此外,还利用长白猪基因组DNA为模板克隆得到SOCS-3假基因(pseudo-SOCS-3).序列分析显示:长白猪SOCS-1基因cDNA编码220个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、小鼠、大鼠和牛的氨基酸序列一致性分别为94％、91％、91％和94％;SOCS-3基因cDNA全长690 bp,编码229个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠和小鼠的氨基酸序列一致性高达94％以上;SOCS-4基因cDNA全长1404 bp,整个编码区没有内含子插入,编码441个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠和小鼠的氨基酸序列一致性分别为97％,89％和86％.氨基酸结构分析显示,长白猪SOCS-1,SOCS-3和SOCS-4基因都具有典型的中央SH2结构域和C末端有40个氨基酸的SOCS Box结构域;SOCS-4有长约285个氨基酸的N末端,且没有特殊的结合基序,其长末端存在的生理意义有待进一步研究.采用RT-PCR方法,对长白猪SOCS-1,SOCS-3和SOCS-4基因进行组织表达分析.结果显示它们在所有组织中都有表达.     

家猪信号转导及转录激活因子基因3、5a及5b的克隆、剪切变体鉴定及组织表达图谱分析

本研究以家猪为材料,克隆了家猪STAT3、STAT5a、STAT5b基因的cDNA全长,序列分析显示:家猪STAT3基因cDNA编码770个氨基酸的蛋白,与人、牛、大鼠、小鼠STAT3氨基酸序列一致性高达99%;STAT5a基因cDNA编码799个氨基酸的蛋白,与人、牛、大鼠、小鼠氨基酸序列一致性分别为分别为96%,97%,95%,和95%;STAT5b基因cDNA编码787个氨基酸的蛋白,与人、牛、大鼠、小鼠氨基酸序列一致性高达98%.同时,还鉴定到STAT3的一种新剪接变体以及STAT5a的三种剪接变体.采用RT-PCR方法,我们进一步检测了这些基因mRNA在成年家猪各组织中的表达情况.STAT3在除了心脏和肌肉以外的其他被检测组织中均有较高的表达水平;STAT5a在肝脏、肾脏、脾脏、肺和卵巢中有较高的表达水平;STAT5b在所有被检测的组织中均有表达.     

猪STAT4、STAT6基因克隆及组织表达研究

本研究以长白猪为材料,克隆了STAT4和STAT6基因的cDNA全长,其中STAT4基因cDNA全长2269 bp,编码748个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、牛、大鼠、小鼠等哺乳动物STAT4氨基酸序列一致性分别为97%、98%、96%、96%;STAT6基因cDNA全长2637 bp,编码847个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、牛、大鼠、小鼠等哺乳动物的氨基酸序列有很高的同源性,分别为93%、95%、88%和87%.采用RT-PCR方法,本研究对家猪STAT4和STAT6基因进行组织表达分析.结果显示:STAT4在所有组织中都有表达,STAT6在心、肝、脾、肺、肾、肌肉、小肠等组织中有表达.此外,本研究已将家猪STAT4和STAT6基因编码区序列克隆到真核表达栽体pcDNA3.1(+)中,并做了初步功能鉴定.     

猪黑皮质素受体3和4基因克隆及分析

以长白猪(Landrace)大脑cDNA为模板,克隆长白猪黑皮质素受体3和4基因(MC3R和MC4R).序列分析显示:长白猪MC3R基因cDNA编码具319个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠、小鼠和斑马鱼的氨基酸序列一致性分别为86.4%、83.3%、82%和69.7%;MC4R基因cDNA全长1175bp,编码具332个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、大鼠、小鼠的氨基酸序列一致性高达94%以上,与斑马鱼MC4R氨基酸序列享有70.7%的同源性.序列分析显示,猪MC3R和MC4R基因都具有典型的七次跨膜结构域,和短的胞内环和胞外环,且在第五个跨膜域中保守的甲硫氨酸(M)分别替换为异亮氨酸(I)和缬氨酸(V).另外,在猪MC3R和MC4R中还鉴定到保守的半胱氨酸残基,第一个胞内环中保守的PMY基序和N末端的3个N-链接糖基化位点.组织表达图谱分析表明,MC3R主要在大脑和脾中高表达,而MC4R主要在六种检测的组织中都有表达,在肾中表达较弱.     

猪Akt1、Akt2基因克隆与组织表达图谱分析

为了得到长白猪蛋白激酶Akt1和Akt2基因序列并分析其表达模式,本研究使用RT-PCR方法,首先克隆了蛋白激酶Akt1和Akt2的cDNA.序列分析显示:长白猪Akt1基因的cDNA全长1461bp,编码具480个氨基酸残基的前体蛋白,其氨基酸序列与人,牛,大鼠,小鼠同源性达到97%以上.长白猪Akt2基因cDNA全长为1505bp,编码具481个氨基酸残基的前体蛋白,其氨基酸序列与人,牛,大鼠,小鼠的同源性高达97%以上.SMART分析表明,猪Akt1和Akt2蛋白均包含了与PI-3K结合的PH结构域及2个具有丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶催化活性的S_TKc结构域.RT-PCR检测结果显示:Akt1mRNA在垂体、心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肌肉组织中高表达,在大脑、小脑、肾脏表达丰度较低.Akt2则在小脑、垂体、心脏、肝脏、脾脏和肌肉组织中高表达,而在大脑和肾脏中表达丰度较低.     

家鸡卵泡刺激素受体新型剪接变体(FSHR-v)的克隆及功能探究

以家鸡为材料,利用RT-PCR技术,从家鸡卵巢中克隆了卵泡刺激素受体的一种新型剪接变体(cFSHR-v).基因结构与氨基酸序列比对分析表明,该剪接变体在8号外显子的5′端发生了差别剪切,导致了其相比于正常形式FSHR多出21个核苷酸,由此推测该变体(cFSHR-v)可以编码含有700个氨基酸残基的受体蛋白.与正常形式cFSHR相比较,cFSHR-v在N端胞外域增加了7个氨基酸残基.采用RT-PCR技术和pGL3-CRE荧光素酶报告系统,本研究也探究了cFSHR-v的功能及其在家鸡组织中的表达情况.结果显示,FSHR在家鸡卵巢及精巢组织中均有较高表达水平,但在CHO细胞中表达的cFSHR-v不能有效介导卵泡刺激素(FSH)对下游cAMP-PKA信号通路的刺激效应,说明在家鸡性腺中,FSHR存在剪切变体形式.     

猪Akt3基因克隆、序列分析及组织表达图谱研究

本研究以长白猪(Landrace)肌肉cDNA为模板,克隆得到长白猪Akt3基因.序列分析结果显示:长白猪Akt3基因cDNA全长1493bp,编码一个含479个氨基酸的前体蛋白,与人、牛、小鼠和大鼠的氨基酸序列一致性分别为100%、100%、99.58%、99.79%,具有高度保守性.氨基酸结构分析显示,长白猪Akt3基因都具有典型的Pleckstrin homologous domain(PH)结构域和丝氨酸/苏氨酸磷酸化激活位点.组织表达图谱分析结果显示:Akt3基因在所有检测的家猪组织中均有表达.此外,本研究还将Akt3基因编码区序列克隆转入真核表达载体pcDNA3.1(+)中,为下一步功能验证做准备.     

猪抑胃肽/葡萄糖依赖性促胰岛素释放肽(GIP)基因的克隆与组织表达分析

本研究采用RT-PCR方法,克隆长白猪(Landrace)GIP基因全长cDNA序列,并对其在家猪组织中的表达情况进行分析.结果显示:长白猪GIP(pGIP)cDNA全长435bp,编码144个氨基酸GIP的前体蛋白;该前体蛋白含有信号肽序列,经蛋白酶水解后产生GIP成熟肽.与人、小鼠GIP表达图谱类似,GIP mRNA也在长白猪小肠及肾脏中有较高水平表达.     

藏鸡FSHβ、POU1F1和FSHR的基因多态性及其与产蛋性能的关系

目的:通过研究藏鸡FSHβ、POU1F1和FSHR的基因多态性及其与产蛋性能的关系,在分子水平上分析其产蛋性能低下的原因,目的是筛选出高产基因型以帮助选育高产藏鸡,为保护纯种藏鸡、促进规模化养殖提供理论依据和指导.方法:以高产蛋量鸡品种罗曼鸡为对照,选择禽类繁殖调控轴上的促卵泡激素β亚基(FSHβ)、垂体特异性转录因子1(POU1F1)和促卵泡激素受体(FSHR)三个基因,克隆、分析这三个基因部分编码区(CDS区)单核苷酸序列多态性(SNP)及其与藏鸡产蛋量的相关性.结果:1.藏鸡与罗曼鸡FSHβ基因第2外显子和第3外显子种内、种间均不具有多态性,表现为单一基因型.2.POU1F1基因exon3,exon4和exon6在藏鸡和罗曼鸡种间存在SNP位点,具有各自独特的基因型.exon3上藏鸡为AA基因型,罗曼鸡为AB基因型;exon4上藏鸡为CC基因型,罗曼鸡为CD基因型;exon6上藏鸡为TT基因型,罗曼鸡为TW基因型.而该基因第5外显子序列在两物种的种内和种间均未表现出多态性.3.FSHR基因exon1和exon4在藏鸡和罗曼鸡种间存在SNP位点.exon1上藏鸡为EE基因型,罗曼鸡为EF基因型;exon4上藏鸡表现为3种基因型(GH,GI,HI),而在罗曼鸡上仅具有一种基因型(GH),且罗曼鸡的基因型与藏鸡种群内的一种相同.结论:1.FSHβ基因不具有多态性,与产蛋量间的关系有待进一步研究.2.POU1F1基因exon3,exon4和exon6具有多态性.此3个片段的核苷酸突变位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两个种群间呈极显著性差异(P0.01),这6个SNP与藏鸡产蛋量具有显著相关性.3.FSHR基因的exon1和exon4具有多态性.此2个片段的核苷酸突变位点的等位基因频率和基因型频率在两个种群间呈极显著性差异(P0.01),该基因的SNP与产蛋量具有显著相关性.     

Purification and characterization of an FSH releasing protein from porcine ovarian follicular fluid

A variety of hypophysiotropic peptides or proteins have been reported to be present in mammalian gonads. Inhibin, a hormone that under most circumstances selectively suppresses the secretion of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) but not luteinizing hormone (LH), has been isolated from the gonadal fluids of several species and characterized as a heterodimeric protein consisting of alpha- and beta-polypeptides associated by disulphide bonds. The complete amino-acid sequences of the precursors of porcine and human inhibin alpha-subunits and two distinct porcine inhibin beta-subunits (beta A and beta B) have been deduced from complementary DNA sequences. Gonadotropin releasing peptides have also been found in the gonad and have generally been shown to be active in radioreceptor assays for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) but to exhibit different chromatographic and immunological characteristics from those of GnRH. During our purification of inhibin from porcine follicular fluid, we noted fractions that could stimulate the secretion of FSH by cultured anterior pituitary cells. We report here the purification of an FSH releasing protein (FRP) and its characterization by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under non-reducing and reducing conditions and by partial sequence analysis. Our results indicate that porcine gonadal FRP is a homodimer consisting of two inhibin beta A-chains linked by disulphide bonds. FRP is highly potent (50% effective concentration (EC50) approximately 25 pM) in stimulating the secretion and biosynthesis of FSH but not of LH or any other pituitary hormone. In contrast to the effects of GnRH and other reported gonadal gonadotropin releasing fractions, the action of FRP is not mediated by GnRH receptors.     

一种新HDM2剪接变异体的cDNA克隆与序列分析

利用逆转录多聚酶链式反应(RT-PCR)分析癌基因HDM2在人宫颈癌Hela细胞中的表达.对克隆到的HDM2基因片段进行测序分析,从中筛选到一种新的HDM2剪接变异体.该剪接变异体阅读框由1 401 bp组成,预测编码466个氨基酸.与野生型HDM2相比,该变异体氨基酸序列的29-53位缺失,395住丝氨酸突变为苯丙氨酸,407位丝氨酸突变为半胱氨酸,其中缺失段29-53位于HDM2与p53相结合区域的上游部分.这可能影响HDM2与p53的相互作用,与p53的失活及癌细胞的转移相关.     

Inhibin is absent from azoospermic semen of infertile men

There is ample evidence that the secretion of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) by the pituitary gland is regulated by a nonsteroidal hormone of gonadal origin, termed inhibin. In several species, testicular extracts, gonadal lymph and seminal plasma have been shown to contain proteins which inhibit FSH release; lack of suitable assays for inhibin has, however, prevented clear definition of its physiological significance. Men whose tests show the histological changes of germinal cell failure usually have raised FSH levels in the blood, but may have normal levels of luteinizing hormone (LH) and testosterone. Such patients would thus be predicted to show reduced inhibin production. To test this, we have measured the FSH inhibitory activity of seminal plasma from azoospermic subjects with raised plasma FSH levels. We report here our confirmation of diminished inhibin levels in seminal plasma of these patients, thus providing convincing support for its physiological role as a modulator of FSH production in man.     

猪骨形态发生蛋白15基因的分子克隆及分析

骨形态发生蛋白15(Bone Morphogenetic Portein-15,BMP15)由卵母细胞特异表达,在卵母细胞发育与成熟过程中起重要调控作用.本文以长白猪为研究模型,克隆BMP15基因cDNA全长并探究该基因组织表达图谱.研究显示,家猪BMP15基因cDNA全长1298bp,编码具402个氨基酸的前体蛋白.依赖RT-PCR技术,家猪Bmp15基因被发现特征性表达于家猪卵巢中.在本研究中,还分离到家猪BMP15基因潜在启动子区(3279bp),针对该启动子区,部分转录因子结合位点获得预测.这些研究结果为探究BMP15基因的表达调控机制及其对家猪卵泡发育影响奠定基础.     

Inhibin beta in central neural pathways involved in the control of oxytocin secretion

Inhibin (I) a gonadal hormone glycoprotein which suppresses follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) secretion from the anterior pituitary, is a heterodimer consisting of an alpha subunit and one of two distinct beta subunits. S1 nuclease analysis has revealed that RNAs encoding all three subunits (alpha, beta A and beta B) are expressed in rat brain. We report here on the localization, and a potential function, of inhibin beta in the rat brain. A cell group centred in the nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS), a major recipient of visceral sensory information, was stained immunohistochemically with antisera against synthetic fragments of I beta, but not I alpha. The distribution of I beta-stained fibres is consistent with known NTS projections, and includes a prominent projection to oxytocinergic aspects of the magnocellular neurosecretory system.     

Structure of human follicle-stimulating hormone in complex with its receptor

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is central to reproduction in mammals. It acts through a G-protein-coupled receptor on the surface of target cells to stimulate testicular and ovarian functions. We present here the 2.9-A-resolution structure of a partially deglycosylated complex of human FSH bound to the extracellular hormone-binding domain of its receptor (FSHR(HB)). The hormone is bound in a hand-clasp fashion to an elongated, curved receptor. The buried interface of the complex is large (2,600 A2) and has a high charge density. Our analysis suggests that all glycoprotein hormones bind to their receptors in this mode and that binding specificity is mediated by key interaction sites involving both the common alpha- and hormone-specific beta-subunits. On binding, FSH undergoes a concerted conformational change that affects protruding loops implicated in receptor activation. The FSH-FSHR(HB) complexes form dimers in the crystal and at high concentrations in solution. Such dimers may participate in transmembrane signal transduction.     

鸡白细胞介素2基因的克隆、原核表达及功能研究

以RT-PCR法从鸡脾脏细胞中扩增出鸡白细胞介素2编码基因,通过双酶切、连接步骤克隆进原核表达载体pQE30及pGEX-4T-3,构建了鸡白细胞介素2基因的重组原核表达质粒pQE30-chIL-2及pGEX-chIL-2.重组质粒转化大肠杆菌JM109后经诱导表达,分别得到两种表达产物.以SDS-PAGE和Westernblot检测确认表达产物为带6组氨酸标签及GST蛋白的融合鸡白细胞介素2,分子量分别为16 kDa及39.5 kDa.表达蛋白与抗鸡白细胞介素2单抗均有良好的免疫结合性,进一步证实为鸡白细胞介素2.表达产物经过纯化复性后,具有明显促进鸡脾淋巴细胞增殖的作用.     

Science Letters: Transient expression of chicken alpha interferon gene in lettuce

We investigated the possibility of producing chicken alpha interferon （ChlFN-α） in transgenic plants. The cDNA encoding ChlFN-α was introduced into lettuce （Lactuca sativa L.） plants by using an agro-infiltration transient expression system. The ChlFN-a gene was correctly transcribed and translated in the lettuce plants according to RT-PCR and ELISA assays. Recombinant protein exhibited antiviral activity in vitro by inhibition of vesicular stomatitis virus （VSV） replication on chicken embryonic fibroblast （CEF）. The results demonstrate that biologically active avian cytokine with potential pharmaceutical applications could be expressed in transgenic lettuce plants and that it is possible to generate interferon protein in forage plants for preventing infectious diseases of poultry.