赤泥硫酸熟化浸出液中镓的萃取试验

从赤泥中富集回收金属镓,利用浓硫酸对赤泥样进行恒温熟化-水浸后的浸出液进行萃取,研究了丁基罗丹明B-正丙醇-硫酸铵萃取镓的行为;同时讨论了萃取温度、萃取时间、硫酸铵质量和正丙醇体积分数对镓萃取率的影响。通过单因素实验确定优化的赤泥中镓萃取工艺条件为:萃取时间15 min,萃取温度为室温,正丙醇体积分数为30%,硫酸铵质量为4.5 g时,镓的萃取率最大为82%。     

铟绵中铟锗镓的综合回收工艺

采用"酸浸-萃铟-萃镓-沉锗"工艺,对铟绵中稀散金属铟锗镓进行了综合回收研究,并优化了各工序工艺参数。研究了在硫酸体系下,铟锗镓浸出率与浸出温度、浸出时间和硫酸初始质量浓度的关系,在浸出温度80℃、浸出时间80 min和硫酸初始质量浓度180 g/L时,铟锗镓浸出效果最好。以30%(体积分数)二-2-乙基己基磷酸(P204)+磺化煤油和10%(体积分数)P204+磺化煤油+1.5%(体积分数)C7-9异氧肟酸(YW100)为有机相,对铟和镓进行萃取,研究了相比(O/A)、混合时间和料液初始pH值对铟萃取率和镓萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:在最佳萃取条件下,即萃取铟相比O/A=1∶1、混合时间5 min和料液初始pH值为0.2时,铟的萃取率最高,为88.5%;萃取镓相比O/A=1∶1、混合时间3 min和料液初始pH值为0.5时,镓的萃取率最高,为77.2%。在单宁沉锗工序中探讨了沉淀温度、pH值、搅拌时间和单宁酸倍数对锗沉淀率的影响,得出沉锗的最佳工艺参数为:用20倍的单宁酸,在沉淀温度70℃、pH值为2.5的条件下搅拌10 min。     

双水相纯化湖南黑茶茶多酚工艺优化

选用PEG-(NH4)2SO4双水相体系对湖南黑茶茶多酚进行分离纯化。通过单因素实验考察PEG的平均分子量与质量分数、硫酸铵质量分数、提取液体积、体系pH值和温度等多种因素对茶多酚纯化的分配系数以及萃取率的影响,并选择正交实验对茶多酚纯化工艺条件进行进一步优化。实验表明,双水相纯化湖南黑茶茶多酚的最佳工艺条件为:10.0g双水相体系中,选用平均分子量为600、质量分数为30%的PEG,质量分数为21%的(NH4)2SO4,体系的提取液体积为2.7 mL,pH=5.5,温度为25℃。在此最优工艺条件下,可得双水相纯化湖南黑茶茶多酚的分配系数为34.50,萃取率可达97.57%。     

醇-盐双水相技术去除水中的对氨基酚

研究了丙醇–硫酸铵双水相体系分离水中对氨基酚的新方法,考察了萃取体系中的硫酸铵用量、正丙醇用量、pH值对萃取率的影响,通过L9(33)正交试验对萃取条件进行了优化.确定萃取条件为:pH值为4.5,硫酸铵用量为15.0 g,正丙醇为20 mL,在最佳条件下经过3次连续萃取,萃取率达99.41%.改进了分光光度法测定对氨基酚含量的方法,实验结果表明该方法快速、准确、萃取率高,处理过的含对氨基酚的水样达到GB8978—1996中的一级标准.     

三辛基甲基氯化铵对废水中柠檬酸镍的萃取

利用三辛基甲基氯化铵为萃取剂,考察了不同烷烃稀释剂与不同醇类助溶剂组合对废水中柠檬酸镍的萃取效果及反萃取剂盐酸溶液对镍的反萃取效果.探讨了废水pH、萃取剂质量浓度、助溶荆体积分数、相体积比(废水相与有机相体积比)、萃取时间及反萃取剂浓度等工艺条件对萃取效果的影响.结果表明,煤油与癸醇组合对废水中柠檬酸的镍萃取效果最佳.在废水pH为9.00,萃取剂质量浓度为35%,助溶剂体积分数为20%,水相与有机相体积比为1时,室温下萃取30min,萃取率可达75.41%;用0.5mol/L盐酸溶液对萃取反应后有机相中的镍进行反萃取,反萃取率可达94.50%.     

N235-硫酸-助萃体系锑萃取性能研究

为了改进从铜电解液中脱除锑的工艺,通过在硫酸体系料液中加入助萃剂研究N235对锑的萃取性能。考察助萃剂浓度、N235体积分数、相比、水相硫酸浓度、萃取时间及温度对锑萃取率的影响。研究结果表明:助萃剂浓度、N235体积分数和相比是影响锑萃取率的主要因素;在有机相组成为20%N235+10%异辛醇+70%磺化煤油(体积分数)、助萃剂浓度为0.1 mol/L、硫酸浓度为3 mol/L、相比为1:1,震荡时间为5 min时,单次锑萃取率大于60%。     

汞与铁、镓、铑、铈和锌的绿色析相萃取富集和分离研究

研究水-溴化钾-正丙醇-硫酸铵体系绿色析相萃取汞的行为及与一些金属离子分离的条件.结果表明,硫酸铵能使正丙醇的水溶液分成两相,HgBr24-与质子化正丙醇(C3H7OH2+)形成的缔合物[HgBr24-][C3H7OH2+]2能被正丙醇相完全萃取.当溶液中溴化钾、硫酸铵和正丙醇的浓度分别为7.0 mmol/L,200 g/L和30%(v/v)时,Hg2+的萃取率达到97.3%以上,而Fe2+、Ga3+、Rh3+、Ce3+和Zn2+基本不被萃取,实现了Hg2+与上述金属离子的分离.     

微波辅助双水相提取苦荞麦粉中黄酮类化合物

采用微波辅助乙醇-硫酸铵双水相体系,从苦荞麦粉中提取黄酮类化合物.确定乙醇-硫酸铵双水相提取黄酮类化合物的较优乙醇体积分数以及硫酸铵添加量;通过单因素实验确定苦荞麦粉黄酮类化合物的较优萃取条件.结果表明:微波辅助双水相的方法适合用于苦荞麦粉中黄酮类化合物的提取;响应面法优化微波辅助双水相提取苦荞麦粉黄酮的提取条件,较优提取条件为萃取剂含乙醇的体积分数30%,微波功率550 W,提取时间70 s,苦荞麦粉在提取溶剂中的质量浓度0.02 g/m L,苦荞麦粉中提取得到的黄酮类化合物占苦荞麦粉的质量分数为1.38%.     

响应面设计优化双水相法测定食品中铁的量

利用响应面设计对双水相法测定食品中铁的量工艺条件进行优化.以含铁量为指标,采用响应曲面分析法,对萃取温度、聚乙二醇体积分数和硫酸铵质量进行三因素三水平的优化试验,并建立了相应的回归模型.最佳提取工艺条件为,萃取温度为37.31℃,聚乙二醇体积分数为14.42%,硫酸铵的质量为7.92 g.在优化条件下,铁的量理论值为71.48 mg/kg,试验值为(71.48±3.6)mg/kg.试验值与理论预测值基本吻合,说明采用响应面法优化的工艺参数是准确可靠的,具有一定的实用价值.为证明实验的合理性,测定回收率,结果介于95%~106%之间,在回收率的误差范围之内,说明双水相法在铁含量测定中是一种较好的方法.     

基于田口法的生物浸出液萃铜工艺的优化

基于田口方法,提出了采用萃取剂LIX984N从高铁生物浸出液中萃铜工艺的优化方法,对萃取率及反萃率进行信噪比分析和方差分析.结果表明,萃取过程中,萃取剂体积分数和相比对萃取率的贡献率较大,分别达到32744%,34180%,时间为较重要因素,pH值对信噪比影响较小.优化后的工艺参数:萃取剂体积分数为30%,相比(V(O)/V(A))为2∶1,时间为600s,pH值为15;反萃过程中,相比及时间为显著因子,温度为不显著因子.优化后的工艺参数:相比(V(O)/V(A))为1∶2,时间为600s,反萃温度为30℃.在优化后的条件下进行萃取—反萃—电积实验,萃取率达到9991%,反萃率达到9856%,电流效率达到92594%.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.