钢轨表面图像冗余信息的模糊匹配算法

为了解决高速铁路轨道表面缺陷机器视觉检测系统中采集图像的冗余问题,本文提出一种钢轨表面图像冗余信息的模糊匹配算法.该种算法首先采用竖直投影法提取钢轨表面区域;之后对钢轨表面区域进行预处理并二值化,得到缺陷的位置信息;然后通过感知哈希算法,得到钢轨表面缺陷的形态信息;最后计算缺陷的位置误差和形态相似度,基于模糊匹配算法,得到匹配结果.通过实验验证,该算法能有效识别系统图像中的冗余部分,准确率达到97.5%.     

数学形态学梯度算子的钢轨端面几何特征测量

针对传统的接触式钢轨端面几何特征测量误差大且测量结果不稳定的问题,基于数学形态学梯度算子的方法实现钢轨端面几何特征的非接触测量.测量采用工业CCD数码相机采集钢轨端面图像数据,将其灰度处理并得到图像的二值矩阵,用数学形态学运算获得钢轨端面图像的边缘,结合Sobel梯度算子实现钢轨端面几何尺寸的测量.测量数据显示,该方法可获得比较准确的钢轨端面几何特征测量值.     

基于HSV空间的钢轨表面区域快速提取算法

机器视觉采集的轨道图像中包含钢轨表面区域(简称轨面区域)及干扰区域(轨道、碎石、杂草等),从复杂的轨道图像中检测缺陷目标难度大、耗时多.因此,先将轨面区域提取出来,然后对提取的轨面区域进行缺陷检测和识别可以节省大量时间.传统的钢轨表面区域提取算法多为手动设定轨面边界,自适应性较差,且对光照异常敏感.针对以上问题,就如何快速提取轨面区域进行了研究,提出了一种基于HSV空间的钢轨表面区域快速提取算法.首先将采集的RGB图像转换到HSV空间,并提取其S分量图像,以此变换来克服光照条件变化对钢轨表面区域提取带来的干扰;其次在S分量图像中绘制灰度投影曲线;然后以图像的中点为轴,将曲线分为左右两侧,分别找到左右两侧列曲线的极大值L_1、R_1和次大值L_2、R_2;最后根据极大值和次大值的关系自动确定轨面区域的边界.仿真结果表明,所研究的算法可以快速、准确地提取轨面区域,避免了手动确定轨面区域边界的问题,算法的泛化能力较好,提取精度较高(I_(oU)高达0.92),提取准确率为93.87%,提取时间较传统方法大幅降低,平均提取时间为0.046 s,为铁路线路的实时自动化检测奠定了基础.     

基于表面法线和元胞自动机的自由曲面重构

通过2个阶段实现了从单目灰度图像重构自由曲面的过程:a.对表面法线通过3个约束条件进行逐步调整,光滑约束保证表面法线的光滑过度和可积性,灰度梯度约束确保重构所得的灰度梯度和原始图像的灰度梯度一致.灰度约束保证每点的法线满足光照模型;b.利用一个二维元胞自动机系统,从表面法线重构自由曲面,每个元胞具有自我决策能力.以表面法线为模板,根据自动机系统的自组织行为,实现自由曲面的重构.实验验证了本算法的可行性和准确性,与传统算法相比,重构精度至少提高30%.     

文本区域字符颜色极性判断方法

文本区域的字符存在着不同的颜色极性.为了能够正确地把文本区域的灰度图像转换成OCR识别软件可以识别的二值图像,提出了一种判断文本区域字符颜色极性的方法.首先计算文本区域的灰度-梯度共生矩阵,并根据目标函数快速地找到分割的灰度和梯度最佳阈值;然后在此基础上提取特征向量,送入神经网络进行分类;最后根据颜色极性判断的结果,分割出字符.实验结果表明,提出的方法在复杂度不同的背景下,正确地识别出了不同类别的字符颜色极性.     

采用二次灰度直方图的砂轮磨粒图像阈值分割

为了解决金刚石砂轮表面磨粒灰度直方图阈值分割方法对区域划分存在误分割的缺陷,提出一种基于二次灰度直方图连通区域标记磨粒图像分割方法.首先,将原始金刚石磨粒图像转换为灰度图像,并对其滤波处理消除噪声.其次,设定阈值完成第一次直方图阈值分割,消除较小结构暗细节.然后,标记各个连通区域,填上不同的颜色.最后,设定阈值完成第二次直方图阈值分割,获取感兴趣目标磨粒区域.结果表明:文中方法可将感兴趣目标磨粒与背景分离,得到较好的分割效果和较高的分割效率.     

基于机器视觉的O型密封圈外观缺陷检测

针对O型密封圈表面细微缺陷检测困难的问题,提出了一种基于6光度立体法和图像综合特征分析的密封圈缺陷检测方法。首先采集6个不同光源角度的图片,利用光度立体法重构表面梯度图和反射率图。然后将表面梯度图先转化为平均曲率和高斯曲率图像,再转化为灰度图并使用固定阈值分割出缺陷区域。将反射率图经高斯滤波后,采用局部的均值和方差阈值分割缺陷区域。最后,对得到的缺陷区域连通域特征分析并准确选择出缺陷。实验测试结果表明,该方法对密封圈表面存在熔痕、凹凸、流痕等细微缺陷有较好的效果。在所设计的密封圈质量检测系统的应用中,检测准确度大于98.4%,能解决目前工业中存在的密封圈缺陷检测识别率不高的问题。     

基于图像分割的钢板表面缺陷识别

钢板的表面缺陷是影响钢板质量的主要因素,通过改进轧制工艺可以减少缺陷发生外,及时检测出钢板的表面缺陷也非常重要.对于钢板表面缺陷的检测,需要获取图像,然后对图像进行初步处理,重要的步骤就是对缺陷进行分割.基于图像灰度信息的不同,本文采用了两种图像分割模型(C-V模型和H-T-B模型),当图像的灰度信息均匀时,采用C-V模型对图像进行分割;当图像的灰度信息不均匀时,则采用H-T-B模型对图像进行分割.通过两种模型的组合应用可以对钢板的各类表面缺陷进行识别,获取缺陷区域,有利于提高钢板生产质量.     

基于稀疏表示的车用带钢表面图像信息修复

针对当前车用带钢表面图像信息修复所用时间较长,修复效果较差的问题,提出基于稀疏表示的车用带钢表面图像信息修复方法.根据像元点之间在车用带钢表面图像中存在的空间相关信息,结合像元点的灰度分布信息,采用二维直方图建立离散测度矩阵,获得车用带钢表面图像中需要修复的目标区域和背景区域.在稀疏表示原理的基础上构建稀疏修复模型,在车用带钢表面图像的目标区域和背景区域中对受损区域进行修复,能够有效获取车用带钢表面缺陷图像信息,实现车用带钢表面图像信息的修复.实验结果表明,所提方法对车用带钢表面图像信息修复的峰值信噪比较高、均方根误差较小,表明该方法的信息修复效果较好,且修复耗时较短,修复效率高.     

一种改进的基于梯度的自适应边缘检测算法

对常见的边缘检测算法进行改进,从梯度的定义出发,提出了一种应用于灰度图像的自适应阈值边缘检测算法.根据边缘处像素灰度值的差异,将模版中的9个像素分两组进行分析,计算出像素的梯度幅度和梯度方向.按梯度值的不同将图像分割成若干个区域,计算每个区域的灰度平均值,确定阈值,实现边缘检测.实验表明,该方法检测出的边缘更细、更准确,可以除去虚假的边缘,是一种有效的对灰度图像进行边缘检测的方法.     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…