The effect of laser surface texturing on the tribological performance of different Sialon ceramic phases

A tribological performance was carried out on different types of hot press Sialon ceramics regarding the phases, i.e., the α-Sialon phase, the β-Sialon phase, and the α/β-Sialon composite phase. The different phases of Sialon ceramics were analyzed by XRD patterns. For the tribological performance, the Sialon ceramics were laser textured and the starved lubrication method was applied with different dimple pitches under a load of 10 N at room temperature. The material having a dimple pitch of 200 mm shows the lowest coefficient of friction. The α/β-Sialon composite phase shows the least coefficient of friction i.e. 0.04 and 0.1 for the textured and polished(without being textured) samples, respectively. The Sialon ceramics show mild wear and therefore, the wear rate of the steel ball(mating partner) was taken into account for the wear analysis. The α-Sialon phase having a higher hardness shows the least wear in comparison to the α/β-Sialon composite phase and the β-Sialon phase.     

Tm~(3+)和Ln~(3+)(Ln~(3+)=Yb~(3+),Er~(3+),Pr~(3+),Ho~(3+),Eu~(3+))共掺氟化物纳米晶体的光谱学性质

应用激光光谱学及发光学的理论和方法研究了Tm3+/Ln3+(Ln3+=Yb3+,Er3+,Pr3+,Ho3+,Eu3+)离子在LaF3和LaOF纳米颗粒中的发光特性,探讨了获得蓝绿光发射的方式,分析了Tm3+离子的荧光发射对基质构成和共掺杂离子的依赖性质.研究结果表明,在氟化物纳米晶体中进行Tm3+和Ln3+(Ln3+=Ho3+,Pr3+,Er3+,Eu3+)的共掺杂,能有效地获得可见光发射,显著提高荧光量子产率,在太阳能光伏电池中具有很大的应用潜力.     

Preparation of Ln3-xEuxS4 （Ln=Ce,Pr, and Nd） ceramics by pressureless sintering

The preparation of ternary rare earth sulfides of Ln3-xEuxS4 （Ln = Ce, Pr, and Nd） ceramics was investigated, and the effect of Eu substitution on Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics was also studied. Ln3-xEuxS4 powders were synthesized by the sulfurization of their oxide powders using carbon disulfide gas. Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics were sintered by pressure-less sintering method. All pressureless sintered Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics crystallized in y-phase. It was found that Eu substitution could improve the density of Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics. Furthermore, Eu substitution might narrow the optical band gaps of Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics.     

Preparation of Ln_(3-x)Eu_xS_4 (Ln=Ce,Pr,and Nd) ceramics by pressureless sintering

The preparation of ternary rare earth sulfides of Ln3-xEuxS4 (Ln = Ce, Pr, and Nd) ceramics was investigated, and the effect of Eu substitution on Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics was also studied. Ln3-xEuxS4 powders were synthesized by the sulfurization of their oxide powders using carbon disulfide gas. Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics were sintered by pressure-less sintering method. All pressureless sintered Ln3-xEuxS4 ceramics crystallized in γ-phase. It was found that Eu substitution could improve the density of Ln3-xEuxS4 ceram...     

Solution chemistry of carbonate minerals and its effects on the flotation of hematite with sodium oleate

The effects of carbonate minerals (dolomite and siderite) on the flotation of hematite using sodium oleate as a collector were investigated through flotation tests, supplemented by dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, zeta-potential measurements, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic studies, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analyses. The results of flotation tests show that the presence of siderite or dolomite reduced the recovery of hematite and that the inhibiting effects of dolomite were stronger. Dissolution measurements, solution chemistry calculations, and flotation tests confirmed that both the cations (Ca2+ and Mg2+) and CO₃2- ions dissolved from dolomite depressed hematite flotation, whereas only the CO₃2- ions dissolved from siderite were responsible for hematite depression. The zeta-potential, FTIR spectroscopic, and XPS analyses indicated that Ca2+, Mg2+, and CO₃2- (HCO₃-) could adsorb onto the hematite surface, thereby hindering the adsorption of sodium oleate, which was the main reason for the inhibiting effects of carbonate minerals on hematite flotation.     

Sintering Behavior and Microstructure of diphasic β-Sialon/Al2O3 Composites

Six compositions with different ratio of β-Sialon/Al₂O₃ were synthesized from Al₂O₃, Si₃N₄ and SiO₂ by sintering with 3%Y₂O₃(mass fraction) as addition under the cover with powders of SiC+C and at nitrogen atmosphere. Theeffects of atmosphere, sintering temperature and composition on the sintering behavior were studied. The results showedthat the composites reached the best sintering behavior with the highest density about 92% at 1 650℃ under the weakreduction atmosphere. Finally the relative density of diphasic β-Sialon and β-Sialon/Al₂O₃ composites were studied andpredicted using ANN (Artificial Neural Networks) method and the results were experimental examined by fore randomsamples.     

Sr2CeO4/Ln3+(Ln=Er,Ho,Tm)的微波合成与荧光性质

首次采用微波法合成了Sr2CeO4/Ln3 (Ln=Er,Ho,Tm)荧光体.研究了样品的荧光性质,并观察到Er3 ,Ho3 ,Tm3 掺杂的Sr2CeO4材料的上转换发光现象.荧光光谱证实,存在基质Sr2CeO4向稀土离子Ln3 的能量传递.     

Energy transfer process between Eu3+ and wide-band-gap SnO2 nanocrystals in silica films studied by photoluminescence excitation and time-resolved photoluminescence techniques

Eu3+ions embedded in silica thin films codoped with SnO2 nanocrystals were fabricated by sol–gel and spin-coating methods.SnO2 nanocrystals with controllable sizes were synthesized through precisely controlling the Sn concentrations.The influences of doping and annealing conditions on the photoluminescence intensity from SnO2 nanocrystals are systematically investigated.The effective energy transfer from the defect states of SnO2nanocrystals to nearby Eu3+ions has revealed by the selective photoluminescence excitation spectra.The efficiency of the Forster resonance energy transfer is evaluated by the time-resolved photoluminescence measurements,which is about 29.1%based on the lifetime tests of the SnO2emission.     

水分散性发红光Mn~(2+)掺杂NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)上转换纳米粒子的合成

以稀土硝酸盐为原料,采用水热法合成油酸包覆的发红光Mn~(2+)掺杂NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)(Mn~(2+)doped-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+))上转换纳米粒子,然后以曲拉通磷酸酯为亲水性配体,通过配体交换法将油酸包覆的油分散性Mn~(2+)doped-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)上转换纳米粒子转变成曲拉通磷酸酯包覆的水分散性纳米粒子.随后采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射仪(DLS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光分光光度计、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FTIR)及热重分析仪(TGA)对合成样品进行表征.结果表明:曲拉通磷酸酯包覆的Mn~(2+)doped-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)上转换纳米粒子平均粒径为19.54 nm,具有良好的水分散性.     

Crystal structures,antibacterial activity and thermal decomposition kinetics of lanthanide complexes with 4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoic acid and 1,10-phenanthroline

A series of lanthanide complexes [Ln(4-Cl-2-MOBA)3phen]2(Ln=Sm(1), Nd(2), Ho(3), Eu(4), Dy(5), and Tb(6); 4-Cl-2-MOBA=4-chloro-2-methoxybenzoate, phen=1,10-phenanthroline) were synthesized and characterized. The single-crystal X-ray diffraction demonstrates that 1–3 are isomorphous, which present dimeric structures with four 4-Cl-2-MOBA anions function as bridging ligands. Complexes 1 and 4–6 display their characteristic luminescence emission bands of central Ln3?ions. The heat capacities, the thermodynamic functions and the thermogravimetry–Fourier transform infrared spectra of gaseous products of complexes 1–6 were investigated.Their non-isothermal kinetics of the second decomposition stage was studied by the integral isoconversional non-linear method and Stark method. Furthermore, 1–6 exhibited excellent antibacterial activity against Candida albicans,Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureu.     

Zr~(4+)/F~– co-doped TiO_2(anatase) as high performance anode material for lithium-ion battery

Zr~(4+) and F~– co-doped TiO_2 with the formula of Ti_(0.97)Zr_(0.03)O_(1.98)F_(0.02) was facilely synthesized by a sol-gel template route.The crystal structure,morphology,composition,surface area,and conductivity were characterized by Raman spectroscopy,energy-dispersive X-ray analysis,scanning electron microscopy,Brunauer-Emmett-Teller measurements,X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy,and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.The results demonstrate that Zr~(4+)and F~–homogeneously incorporated into TiO_2,forming solid solution with an anatase structure.Ti_(0.97)Zr_(0.03)O_(1.98)F_(0.02)shows outstanding electrochemical properties as Li-ion battery anode in comparison with Ti_(0.97)Zr_(0.03)O_2.In particular,upon 35-fold cycling at 1C-rate Zr~(4+)/F~–co-doped TiO_2delivers a reversible capacity of 163 mAh g~(–1),whereas Zr~(4+)-doped TiO_2gives only 34 mA h g~(–1).Additionally,Zr~(4+)/F~–co-doped TiO_2retains a capacity of 138 mA h g~(–1)during cycling even at 10 C.The enhance performance originates from improved conductivity of Zr~(4+)/F~–co-doped TiO_2material through generation of Ti~(3+)(serving as electron donors)into the crystal lattice and,possibly,due to F-doping blocked the anode surface from attack of HF formed as electrolyte decomposition product.     

单斜相SrAl2Si2O8陶瓷的烧结及其对Sr的固化

Monoclinic SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics for Sr immobilization were prepared by a liquid-phase sintering method. The sintering temperature, mineral phase composition, microstructure, flexural strength, bulk density, and Sr ion leaching characteristics of the SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics were investigated. A crystalline monoclinic SrAl₂Si₂O₈ phase formed through liquid-phase sintering at 1223 K. The introduction of four flux agents (B₂O₃, CaO·2B₂O₃, SrO·2B₂O₃, and BaO·2B₂O₃) to the SrAl₂Si₂O₈ ceramics not only reduced the densification temperature and decreased the volatilization of Sr during high-temperature sintering but also impacted the mechanical properties of the ceramics. Product consistency tests showed that the leaching concentration of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent B₂O₃ was the lowest, whereas that of Sr ions in the sample with flux agent BaO·2B₂O₃ was the highest. These results show that the leaching concentration of Sr ions depends largely on the amorphous phase in the ceramics. Meanwhile, the formation of mineral analog ceramics containing Sr is an important factor to improve Sr immobilization.     

功能梯度Ni?W/Er2O3稀土纳米颗粒复合膜的电沉积

Multi-layered functionally graded (FG) structure Ni?W/Er₂O₃ nanocomposite films were prepared by continuously changing the deposition parameters, in which the Er₂O₃ and W contents varied with thickness. The microstructure and chemical composition of the electrodeposited Ni?W/Er₂O₃ films were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The anti-corrosion and wear properties of the electrodeposition films were investigated by electrochemical measurement and ball-on-disk friction test. The microhardness distribution of the cross section of nanocomposites was measured by nanoindentation. The results showed that with decreasing agitation rate or increasing average current density, the contents of Er₂O₃ nanoparticles and tungsten were distributed in a gradient along the thickness, and the contents on the surface were larger. By comparison, FG Ni?W/Er₂O₃ films had better anti-corrosion and wear properties than the uniform Ni?W/Er₂O₃ films. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) and profilometry measurements indicated that Er₂O₃ nanoparticles had an effect on the surface roughness.     

Effects of Yb～(3 ) codoping on visible and near infrared emissions of Er～(3 )-Yb～(3 ) codoped Al_2O_3 powders by the sol-gel method

The 0.1 mol% Er3 and 0―2 mol% Yb3 codoped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method,and the phase structure,including only two crystalline types of doped Al2O3 phase,γ-(Al,Er,Yb)2O3 and θ-(Al,Er,Yb)2O3,was detected at the sintering temperature of 1000℃. The visible and near infrared emissions properties depended strongly on the Yb3 codoping,and the corresponding maximal peak intensities centered at about 523,545,660 and 1533 nm were obtained respectively for the 0.1 mol% Er3 and 0.5 mol% Yb3 codoped Al2O3 powders,which were composed of θ-(Al,Er,Yb)2O3 and a small amount of γ-(Al,Er,Yb)2O3 phases. The two-photon absorption process was responsible for the visible up-conversion emissions,and the one-photon absorption process was involved in the near infrared emissions of the Er3 -Yb3 codoped Al2O3 powders.     

Near-infrared to visible up-conversion emissions of Er^3＋ doped Al2O3 powders derived from the sol-gel method

The Er3 doped Al2O3 powders were prepared by the sol-gel method using the aluminium isopropoxide [Al(OC3H7)3]-derived Al2O3 sols with addition of the erbium nitrate [Er(NO3)3.5H2O]. The different phase structure, including three crystalline types of (Al,Er)2O3 phases, γ, θ, α, and two Er-Al-O phases, ErAlO3 and Al10Er6O24, was obtained with the 1 mol% Er3 doped Al2O3 powders at the different sintering temperatures of 600―1200℃. The green and red up-conversion emissions centered at about 523, 545 and 660 nm, corresponding respectively to the 2H11/2, 4S3/2→4I15/2 and 4F9/2→4I15/2 transitions of Er3 , were detected by a 978 nm semiconductor laser diodes excitation. The phase structure and OH content had evident influence on the up-conversion emissions intensity. The maximum intensities of both the green and red emissions were obtained respectively for the Er3 doped Al2O3 powders sintered at 1200 ℃, which was composed mainly of α-(Al,Er)2O3, less of ErAlO3 and Al10Er6O24 phases, and with the least OH content. The two-photon absorption up-conversion process was involved in the green and red up-conversion emissions of the Er3 doped Al2O3 powders.     

两亲配体包覆法制备水溶性Mn~(2+)掺杂NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)纳米粒子

采用水热法,以稀土硝酸盐为原材料合成了油酸(OA)包覆的Mn~(2+)掺杂Na YF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)(Mn~(2+)dopedNa YF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+))纳米粒子(UCNPs),然后将氨基修饰的聚乙二醇与聚马来酸酐十八烯反应生成的两亲性聚合物m PEG-PMAO作为亲水性配体,通过两亲配体包覆法制备具有水溶性的Mn~(2+)掺杂Na YF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)纳米粒子.随后采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)、动态光散射仪(DLS)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)、荧光分光光度计、傅立叶变换红外光谱仪(FT-IR)及热重分析仪(TGA)对合成的样品进行了表征.结果表明,m PEG-PMAO聚合物包覆的Mn~(2+)掺杂Na YF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)纳米粒子具有较好的水分散性,且粒子的平均粒径约为17.25 nm.     

Effects of Quenching Temperature and Time on Pore Diameter of Poly（3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate） Porous Scaffolds and MC3T3-E1 Osteoblast Response to the Scaffolds

Poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) (PHBHHx) scaffolds were prepared by thermally inducing phase separation (TIPS) for bone reconstruction. Scanning electron microscopy and porosity measurements were used to analyze the structure and properties of the scaffolds. The pore diameter of the scaffolds could be easily controlled by changing the quenching temperature and time. The biocompatibility was assessed by examining the proliferation and morphology of MC 3T3-E1 osteoprogenitor cells seeded on the scaffolds. Cultures grown in the presence of a source of phosphate ions showed the formation of a mineralized extracellular matrix. The results indicate that PHBHHx scaffolds prepared using TIPS are a promising candidate for bone reconstruction.     

银岛膜对单个β-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)晶体颗粒上转换荧光增强效应的研究

采用水热法制备了六方相NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)(β-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+))微米晶体颗粒,并基于银岛膜(Ag film)衬底构建了一种Ag film/β-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)微纳复合体系.通过扫描电子显微镜、场发射电子显微镜及X射线衍射仪对样品的形貌及晶体结构进行表征.实验结果表明,NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)微米晶体均为六方相晶体结构的六角盘.采用共焦显微测试系统,在980 nm激光激发下,系统研究了Ag film/β-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)微纳复合体系中单个微米晶体上转换荧光强度与银岛膜的厚度依赖关系.结果发现:单颗粒β-NaYF_4:Yb~(3+)/Er~(3+)微米晶体的上转换荧光强度随着银岛膜的厚度增加而明显增大.根据理论推导及相应数值模拟得出,影响其荧光增强主要因素是由于银岛膜的反射效应和其表面附近的局域电磁场增强效应所导致.由此可见,构建这种新型结构可为增强单个微米颗粒的上转换荧光发射提供新的途径,为进一步拓展稀土微纳晶体的实际应用提供实验依据.     

Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3-PbTiO3-BaTiO3 Complex Perovskite Ferroelectric Ceramics with High Dielectric Constant and Low Firing Temperature

The effects of different firing temperatures on the stability of perovskite phase, grain size, and dielectric properties were investigated by XRD, TEM, SEM and dielectric measurements. The dielectric ceramics of Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃-BaTiO₃ system were obtained by chemical coprecipitation in water. The ceramics have higher dielectric constant (7003-9714), lower firing temperature(950-1150℃), quite uniform microstructure with grain size less than 2.5 mp, and lower temperature coefficients of capacitance. As a result, it was confirmed that the simple and low cost chemical route used namely coprecipitation in water is a desired method for preparing high property dielectric materials applicable to multilayer capacitors.     

Effects of Fe<Subscript>2</Subscript>O<Subscript>3</Subscript> on the properties of ceramics from steel slag

Ferric oxide is one of the key factors affecting both the microstructure and the properties of CaO-MgO-SiO₂-based ceramics. Research on this effect is significant in the utilization of iron-rich solid wastes in ceramics. Ceramic samples with various Fe₂O₃ contents (0wt%, 5wt%, and 10wt%) were prepared and the corresponding physical properties and microstructure were studied. The results indicated that Fe₂O₃ not only played a fluxing role, but also promoted the formation of crystals. Ceramics with 5wt% of Fe₂O₃ addition attained the best mechanical properties with a flexural strength of 132.9 MPa. Iron ions were dissolved into diopside, consequently causing phase transformation from diopside and protoenstatite to augite, thereby contributing to the enhancement of its properties. An excess amount of Fe₂O₃ addition (10wt% or more) resulted in deteriorated properties due to the generation of an excess volume of liquid and the formation of high-porosity structures within ceramics.