纸浆卡伯值的在线测量数学模型

从Kubelka-Munk基本方程和纸浆中残留木素的光谱特性出发推导出纸浆漫反射理论模型,进而根据纸浆残余木素与纸浆卡伯值的本质关系推导出在线实时测量纸浆卡伯值的理论模型.根据纸浆中残留木素的光谱吸收特性,选择F390,F560和F840为自变量,建立了"三波长"纸浆卡伯值光谱测量简化模型.该模型结构简单,物理意义清晰,能够揭示模型自变量与卡伯值之间的线性关系.由于从机理模型变为简化模型经过了多次线性近似和简化,造成了纸浆卡伯值与反射光谱间的非线性信息缺失.为此,结合纸浆卡伯值光谱测量简化模型和自适应神经模糊推理系统(ANFIS),建立了纸浆卡伯值在线光谱测量的融合模型,经过样本训练后,融合模型预测结果稳定,精度高.     

脱木素反应的多变量推断控制系统研究

根据脱木素反应动力学理论，建立了脱木素反应的双输入双输出数学模型，设计了用有效碱浓度和卡伯值作为控制变量的多变量推断控制系统。对实际连续蒸煮过程脱木素反应控制的测试结果表明，该控制系统可以很好的克服各种不可测扰动对脱木素反应的影响，提高脱木素反应生成纸浆的质量和纸浆得率，同时降低反应生成副产品蒸煮黑液中的残碱浓度，减少蒸煮过程的用碱量，达到保护环境、清洁生产的目的。     

蔗渣氧脱浆二氧化氯漂白工艺参数的优化

采用三因素二次通用旋转组合实验设计,对蔗渣氧脱浆二氧化氯漂白的主要工艺参数(ClO2用量、NaOH用量和漂白时间)进行了优化,建立了工艺参数与纸浆卡伯值、白度及可吸附有机卤化物(AOX)产生量之间的二次多项式非线性回归数学模型.结果表明:通过实验设计建立的数学模型回归显著,失拟不明显;3个工艺参数对纸浆卡伯值、白度及AOX产生量的影响由大到小的顺序均依次为ClO2用量、漂白时间、NaOH用量;在优化模拟得到的较佳工艺条件(ClO2用量0.79%,NaOH用量0.43%,漂白时间53 min)下,纸浆卡伯值为1.83,白度为73.3%ISO,废水中AOX质量浓度为10.8 mg/L,与验证实验得到的纸浆卡伯值(1.76)、白度(75.0%ISO)和废水中AOX质量浓度(11.3mg/L)接近.     

人工种植桉木深度脱木素的研究

进行了４种人工种植桉木改良硫酸盐法制浆的实验。结果表明,改良硫酸盐法制浆的选择性明显高于常规硫酸盐蒸者法,改良硫酸直帽浆可以生产出卡伯值非常低且强度很好的纸浆。与常规硫酸盐蒸煮相比,改良硫酸盐煮桉木浆的伯值低５－６个单位,而纸浆粘度却高出２．８ｍＰａ．ｓ。     

不同酸比对芦苇亚硫酸氢镁法制浆的影响

在本实验条件下,160℃保温1.6h,酸比(化合SO_2/游离SO_2)2.4:1～2.7:1为最佳。可获得本色浆色浅,得率和强度较高,漂率较低的纸浆。高酸比(2.4:1～3.0:1)延长保温时间(保温2h),纸浆强度没有提高,但纸浆得率有较大下降(下降4％左右)。低酸比,特别当酸比为2.1:1～1.8:1时,缩短保温时间(保温1h),纸浆卡伯值和漂率明显上升,纸浆得率无明显提高,但漂白浆强度显著提高,而且可以克服蒸煮液循环时产生淀沉和堵塞管路的问题.     

第十五届日内瓦国际发明展览会闭幕——天津轻工业学院参展项目获金牌奖

我院化学工程系的《湿裂化法处理草类制纸浆废液》科研项目,系采用湿裂化法,勿须在草桨黑液中加入任何药剂。黑液经短时间高温、高压处理后,有机物裂化生成可以燃烧的湿裂化气、焦油和炭粉,硅酸钠转化为二氧化硅沉淀。液体变为浅黄色碱液,其中主要成份是炭酸钠,经石灰黄化后,可循环用于蒸煮纸浆。即消除了污染,又回收了能源,碱和一些付产品。具有一定的社会效益和经济效益。     

硫酸盐木浆含酶预处理的无元素氯和全无氯漂白

针叶木硫酸盐浆用木聚糖酶Ｉｒｇａｚｙｍｅ ４０－Ｘ４进行预处理,然后进行各种无元素氯和全无氯漂白。实验结果表明,酶预处理能提高后续漂白效果,提高白度,降低卡伯值,并改善纸浆的粘度,在不用元素氯的情况下,能将纸浆漂白到８８％ＩＳＯ以上的白度。     

造纸厂木浆黑液、蒸煮废汽的综合利用

安徽省建筑科研所、环境保护科研所和泾县纸厂协作进行的利用纸浆黑液研制TL—A减水剂的扩大试验和利用蒸煮废汽回收硫酸盐松节油的生产试验,已取得可喜成果,通过了技术鉴定。以纸厂排放的木浆黑液和矾矿生产明矾后的矾泥为原料,制成的TL—A混凝土减     

红松木烧碱法制浆黑液中木质素对污染负荷影响

为研究蒸煮黑液中木质素对污染负荷影响,研究了红松木片化学浆蒸煮黑液的污染特性及特征污染物,通过紫外-可见光谱法建立了快速测定液相木质素的分析方法及木质素对COD贡献的工作曲线,探究黑液中木质素对总COD污染负荷的贡献.结果表明蒸煮过程中,黑液中含有较高浓度的溶解态有机物,可生化处理性差,成分复杂,主要有机污染物为酚类和有机酸类物质,其中酚类化合物的相对含量高达84.34%;经测定黑液中木质素浓度为65.7g·L~(-1),产生COD_(cr)值高达93 640.86mg·L~(-1),占黑液总CODcr含量的51%左右,黑液中木质素对黑液废液污染有较大的贡献.     

黑液提取率对纸浆残留污染负荷的影响

为定量表征黑液提取率对纸浆中残留污染负荷的影响,以红松传统碱法蒸煮得到的浆料和黑液为研究对象,采用逆流提取工艺,对不同浆料浓度的黑液提取率与浆中残余木质素量、化学需氧量(COD_(Cr))和生化需氧量(BOD_5)的关系进行研究.结果表明:木质素降解物是黑液有机物的主要污染来源,高浓高黑液提取率可有效降低污染负荷,浆料浓度从15%提高到35%时,黑液提取率显著增高(从71. 34%提高到98. 47%),并且浆中残余木质素、COD_(Cr)和BOD_5的含量都大幅度降低;黑液提取率与浆中残余木质素呈线性关系,与浆中残留的COD_(Cr)和BOD_5分别呈一元三次函数和一元二次函数关系.提高浆料浓度和黑液提取率是减少制浆和漂白过程中污染负荷的有效方法.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to