高精度非球面制造系统控制软件的设计

根据高精度非球面制造及测量的需求,设计并实现了高精度非球面制造及测量系统的控制软件．系统基于工控PC机和Windows98操作系统,并选用Delphi6．0和Visual Fortran作为开发工具．系统采用在线误差补偿加工技术,选择平面砂轮和圆弧砂轮两种加工方式．可达到加工高精度光学非球面镜的要求．     

小型非球面超精密加工建模及控制技术研究

根据高精度小型非球面制造的需要,探讨了一种针对小型非球面元件的加工方法,并分析了实现数控加工控制的技术途径.根据非球面加工理论,基于工控机和Windows系统,用VB.NET开发实现了小型非球面数控加工控制软件.     

大量程高精度非球面光学元件检测平台设计

针对目前高精度,大量程的非球面检测需求,综合考虑各部件对平台精度的影响,完成了对平台的机械系统,探测系统和运动控制系统的设计.该非球面光学元件检测平台采用花岗岩框架结构,以增加整体结构的刚度,减小自身热变形引起的几何误差.系统的探测系统采用了接触/非接触式双重测量的检测方法,既提高了测量的速度,又增加了测量数据的可靠性.运动控制系统则采用运动控制卡+伺服电机的三轴联动的开放式运动控制方式,满足了高精度非球面光学元件的检测需要.     

基于运动控制技术的非球面测量系统

为满足非球面光学元件表面精度的测量要求，设计和实现了一种高效数控非球面测量系统．系统基于运动控制技术，构建了四轴联动的测量工作平台．根据数据采集原理，实现对非球面工件表面形位参数进行连续采样．整个系统采用工控微机作为上位机非实时控制，下位机采用高速DSP进行实时控制．在Windows操作系统下，用Visaul C＋＋开发工具完成了测量系统的软件开发．最后通过实验对测量系统的稳定性及其误差进行了分析．实验结果表明，系统行程为100～120mm，系统误差小于5μm，能满足普通光学非球面元件测量精度的要求，同时系统体现了较好的通用性和可靠性．     

高精密光学元件磨床的加工与检测系统的开发

高精密平面磨床是加工光学非球面元件的一种重要途径.出于通用性和效率的考虑,开发一套面向光学非球面元件的高精密平面磨床的加工与检测系统,以此来实现光学非球面元件的精密加工.以自行开发研制的四轴数控高精密平面磨床为研究基础,采用模块化设计,选用Delphi 7为开发语言,运用Delphi 7和Matlab混合编程技术,搭建了加工与测量系统,实现了光学非球面元件的磨削加工、面形测量、磨削补偿以及环境检测等.实验结果表明,该系统可以满足光学元件的精密加工及检测,并具有较高的工作效率.     

用偏振移相共路剪切干涉仪测量光学非球面

现代光学系统中大量使用了非球面元件,光学非球面表面面形精度要求高,一般不低于λ/4(λ=0.6832μm),使得加工与检测难度极高。本文介绍了一种用于测量光学非球面透镜的偏振移相剪切干涉方法和数据处理方法,该系统具有测量精度高、调整方便、测量速度快、操作简单、对外界干扰不敏感等特点。     

高精度温度测量系统的设计

介绍了利用高精度温度传感器AD590以及LMX31系列的V/F变换芯片构建的高精度温度测量系统，并运用MAX354芯片实现了8通道的循环检测功能．对系统的测量结果运用C语言在基于单片机的平台上进行了解算．给出了一种实用的高精度温度测量系统设计，在硬件电路、元件选型以及软件设计思路给出了明确方案．经过实际应用表明，此系统实现了高精度的温度测量．     

光学非球面的超精密加工技术及非接触检测

针对亚微米级及亚微米级以下的光学硬脆性非球面器件难加工问题,分析了光学非球面的形状精度和应用,讨论了其超精密加工原理和方法及非接触检测手段．结果表明,精密数控机床、硬脆性材料延性域加工原理和超精密检测是光学非球面超精密加工的技术保证．     

基于自适应滤波的超声波高精度测距系统

超声波测距在兵器装备中具有广泛的应用,应高次非球面加工机床项目要求,超声波测距精度须达到1 mm,如何提高超声波测距系统的测量精度成为了亟待解决的问题,针对现有的超声波测距测量精度不高的特点,提出了一种基于自适应滤波算法的估计超声波渡越时间的方法,并利用现有的超声波测距经验模型,达到超声波高精度测距的目的.     

非球面及非球面测量技术

为了对非球面进行行之有效的测量,从非球面的面形描述和光学特点出发,对非球面各种测量方法进行了优缺点的对比和研究,同时对目前非球面检测技术面临的问题进行了阐述,并给出了对深度非球面测量可用的方法和应当解决的问题。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the