大学英语课程委婉语教学研究

人际修辞范畴中,合作原则和礼貌原则是会话中两条重要指导原则。委婉语作为一种特殊的语言文化现象,是人们交际过程中常常用到的语言策略。文章基于合作原则和礼貌原则视角探究英语中的委婉语,并对两者在委婉语中互补和关联进行分析。     

英语委婉语的应用及其表述

着重对英语委婉语在语言禁忌、生活避讳、礼貌交往和取得最佳交际效果等方面的使用现象作了全面总结，并从语音、语义、语法三个语言层面上对英语的委婉表述作了理论上的阐述，引导人们对英语委婉语从感性知觉到理性思辨的再认识。     

英语委婉语的表现手法及使用特征

委婉语是社会心理在语言中的反映.避讳、礼貌和掩饰是英语委婉语产生的重要社会心理基础,使用“模糊限制语“、隐喻、替代、类比、降格陈述、省略和缩略词,以及借用外来语是英语委婉语的表现手法,时代变异性和语体差异性是其使用特征,传统委婉语和文体委婉语是其分类.英语学习者只有在了解和掌握以上内容的基础上,才能恰如其分地使用英语委婉语.     

从语用学的角度分析英语委婉语

委婉语不仅是一种替代禁忌语的修辞形式，也是进行策略表达的语言形式。从社会语用学角度看。委婉语是语言交际中维系人们的社会关系和人际关系的重要手段。委婉语具有间接性、模糊性、可变性的语用特征，委婉语具有避讳功能、礼貌功能、掩饰功能、美化功能。要根据语境来正确、合理、得体地使用英语委婉语。     

英语中的委婉语表达探讨

委婉语是各国语言中普遍存在的语言现象.在英语中,委婉语的产生与宗教的影响和英语国家的文化背景有着密不可分的关系,同其他语言中的委婉语一样,英语委婉语被广泛地使用在人们活动的各个方面,发挥着避讳、礼貌、掩饰等交际功能.     

英语委婉语的交际功能

委婉语是人类语言的普遍现象。不同的文化背景,不同的语言社团都有其独特的委婉语,并且承载着丰富的文化信息。本文从委婉语的避讳,礼貌和掩饰三大交际功能来分析英语委婉语,这有助于英语学习者对英语委婉语和英美文化的理解。     

英语委婉语的应用及其表述

着重对英语委婉语在语言禁忌、生活避讳、礼貌交往和取得最佳交际效果等方面的使用现象作了全面总结,并从语音、语义、语法三个语言层面上对英语的委婉表述作了理论上的阐述,引导人们对英语委婉语从感性知觉到理性思辨的再认识。     

浅谈英语委婉语的社会功能及其对英语教学的启示

英语委婉语是人类交往活动中普遍存在的一种语言形式及文化现象,是调剂人际关系的"润滑剂".它的使用具有重要的社会功能:代替禁忌语、作为策略表达和礼貌功能.学习和掌握英语委婉语有助于增强西方文化意识,提高跨文化交际的能力;在英语教学中加强英语委婉语的知识输入和应用十分必要.     

益己原则初探－人类语言交际遵循的原则之一

Grice合作原则和Leech礼貌原则一般被学术界认为是语言交际顺利进行所须遵守的原则。笔者通过对英语委婉语进行语用分析发现：人们在语言交际中有时还须遵循着另一条与礼貌原则互为补充的基本交际原则－益己原则。     

从顺应理论视角看跨文化交际中的委婉语

委婉语具有间接委婉性,体现礼貌原则,是调节人际交往的润滑剂,在跨文化交际中倍受青睐。本文从顺应理论视角看跨文化交际中委婉语的解读问题。     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.