爆破荷载作用下岩石破坏特性的“共轭键”基近场动力学数值模拟研究

近场动力学是一种基于非局部弹性理论的积分形式的无网格数值方法.本文为克服传统近场动力学模型中的固定泊松比问题,建立了"共轭键"基近场动力学模型,实现了岩石爆破破坏特性的近场动力学数值模拟.通过引入"共轭键"转动角度及建立微观和宏观变形能的等效关系,推导了"共轭键"基近场动力学模型中的法向刚度参数及切向刚度参数与宏观力学参数之间的关系.另外,通过对影响域中每根"键"所储存的能量密度与临界"键"能量密度进行对比,判断近场动力学模型中的"键"是否断裂,从而实现裂纹起裂、扩展及连接过程的数值模拟.三个数值算例说明:该模型能有效地模拟岩石爆破破坏特性.数值算例与试验结果对比表明,本文所提出的数值方法可以预测岩石材料的爆破破坏模式及特性.     

脆性砂岩预制裂隙扩展破坏过程试验研究

采用CSS-3940YJ岩石力学试验机,开展单轴压缩条件下岩石预制裂隙扩展破坏过程试验.基于全程变形曲线的试验结果,分析了裂隙倾角对岩石变形、强度、裂隙扩展破坏方式的影响规律.研究结果表明,与完整岩样相比,预制裂隙砂岩变形呈现出局部化渐近破坏特征,其峰值强度、峰值轴向应变均明显降低,且降低幅度随着预制裂隙倾角的增大而减小;岩样宏观破坏模式主要呈现出拉破坏、剪破坏和混合破坏3种,且随着倾角的增加逐渐由剪向拉破坏过渡.值得指出的是:由于在加载过程中预制裂隙两端处于应力集中状态,导致在预制裂隙两端会首先萌生出垂直于裂隙的翼型裂纹,并沿着加载力方向向岩样两端发展,随后在预制裂隙两端会产生反翼型裂纹和次生共面剪切裂纹,裂隙倾角越小产生的次生裂纹数目越多,岩样的贯通破坏模式就会越复杂.     

改进键型近场动力学方法下的多裂纹板破坏分析

在键型近场动力学理论框架下,通过在常规微弹脆性本构模型中引入表征非局部长程作用力强度尺寸效应的核函数修正项,构建了可部分消除泊松比限制的含裂纹双参数微弹脆性近场动力学本构模型。通过对含双裂纹脆性板的单轴拉伸破坏模拟并将所得结果与已有文献结果进行对比,验证了本构模型和算法的可靠性。在此基础上,通过数值模拟不同形态的多裂纹脆性板的裂纹扩展过程以及定量分析不同初始裂纹形态下的临界破坏荷载数值,给出了初始裂纹数量、位置和方向对结构破坏型式、扩展路径和承载能力的影响规律。     

应力比对脆性材料断裂影响及应变断裂准则验证

应用材料破坏分析软件MFPA2D(material failure process analysis),模拟了平面应力下双向应力比不断变化条件下脆性材料的不同破坏失稳过程,并以玻璃为例,重点研究了其在复杂应力状态下不同双向应力比对脆性材料裂纹扩展和断裂的影响. 研究结果表明,裂纹失稳扩展时的应力强度因子值随着双向应力比的升高而升高. 该结果证明双向应力确实对脆性材料的断裂韧性有影响. 理论分析得出的应变失效准则与数值模拟研究结果及试验结果的比较研究表明,应变失效准则作为脆性材料在双向应力下的断裂准则是可行的.     

单轴压缩条件下预制裂隙类岩石材料实验研究

为研究裂隙类岩石材料在单轴压缩条件下的力学性质及裂纹扩展规律,通过在试样中预埋铁片的方法,制备出含不同裂纹条数和裂纹倾角的裂隙类岩石材料;采用RYL-600剪切流变仪对试样进行以负荷控制方式进行单轴加载,并使用数码相机记录试样加载过程中裂纹的起裂、扩展和贯通过程.着重对60°×18条裂隙类岩石材料的实验结果进行详细分析,观察其轴向应力-轴向位移曲线,曲线呈现出3次明显的应力跌落阶段,结合试样在试验过程中的录像,将裂纹的扩展分为3个阶段.并且,通过FLAC3D数值模拟软件对60°×18条的试样进行数值模拟研究,获得了数值模拟实验加载过程中的轴向应力-轴向位移曲线和模型破坏切片图,分析其破坏方式和破坏模式,并与物理实验对比,两者吻合较好.     

强冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的力学特性及本构模型

研究氧化铝陶瓷在强冲击加载下的力学响应和动态本构模型. 利用一级轻气炮对陶瓷靶板进行冲击加载,测量得到靶板内的应力-时间曲线,并分析得到氧化铝陶瓷的动力学特性. 结合陶瓷材料破坏特性分析,从脆性材料内翼型裂纹的产生和扩展机理出发,建立了微裂纹损伤本构模型,其中损伤参数通过微裂纹尺寸和微裂纹数2个变量进行描述. 实验与计算结果表明,该模型较好地描述了强冲击载荷下氧化铝陶瓷的力学行为.     

基于X-SBFEM的非线性断裂数值模型研究

从非线性断裂力学模型的角度,开展准脆性材料(混凝土)裂纹过程区的有效模拟,是当前的研究热点之一.扩展比例边界有限元法(X-SBFEM)兼有扩展有限元法(XFEM)和比例边界有限元法(SBFEM)两种方法的优势,利用SBFEM求解裂尖段应力奇异性问题,利用XFEM模拟非裂尖段位移场不连续.为在X-SBFEM中增加非线性断裂模型,提出采用sideface力的形式,基于黏聚力模型,通过线性叠加迭代法来模拟准脆性材料(混凝土)裂纹过程区.最后,以数值算例——单边缺口的三点弯曲梁和四点剪切梁——模拟裂纹过程区能量耗散影响,验证了所提方法的精度与应用效果.     

脆性材料剪切过程的数值仿真与试验验证

乏燃料组件剪切是乏燃料后处理的关键步骤,但由于其具有较高的放射性,科研试验中常采用由不锈钢和脆性材料组成的模拟组件来替代。针对脆性材料采用Drucker-Prager模型与Shear Damage模型相结合建立剪切本构模型,并选取脆性材料的典型代表砂浆进行剪切试验验证,通过对砂浆基体块进行加载速度为5,20,30,40,50 mm/s的剪切试验,验证了数值模型的正确性。并研究了其弹塑性变形、裂纹萌生、裂纹扩展和断裂分离的全过程,以及过程中受力变形情况。研究结果显示剪切力随速度的增加在一定范围内波动,剪切力随间隙的增大呈现先增大后减小的趋势。     

钢筋混凝土构件拉伸破坏过程的三维模拟研究

采用三维的材料破坏过程分析系统RFPA3D(3D-Realistic Failure Process Analysis)对钢筋混凝土轴心受拉构件的受力、变形与内部裂纹萌生、扩展及最终破坏的断裂全过程进行了数值模拟。充分考虑了混凝土的非均匀性,通过简单直观的本构模型并采用单元材料性质弱化的办法,利用位移加载来实现钢筋混凝土构件的拉伸破坏过程,再现了钢筋混凝土结构中等间距裂缝形成过程,从细观角度模拟分析了混凝土及钢筋的破坏过程及破坏机理。数值试验结果对于深入了解钢筋和混凝土的联合受力规律有参考价值。     

透明类岩石内蕴裂纹扩展变形试验研究

采用力学试验手段探究岩石受压情况下内部裂纹扩展贯通机理是了解岩石破坏失稳机制的重要手段。由于真实岩体内部裂纹无法直接观察其扩展过程,通过自行研制的透明类岩石材料在RMT-150B多功能全自动刚性岩石伺服试验机上进行单轴压缩力学试验,观察研究透明类岩石内部三维裂纹的扩展贯通机理。这一方法克服了真实岩体不透明的特点,更方便地观察岩体内部裂纹萌生扩展不同阶段的形状。通过对透明岩石内部布置不同长度和角度的裂隙,模拟不同长度和角度的原生节理裂隙对岩体破坏失稳的影响。研究结果表明:含预制裂纹的透明类岩石试件在压缩过程中三维裂纹的起裂扩展要比二维条件下复杂,大致经历了压密,弹性变形,裂纹扩展,脆性破坏四个阶段。含预制裂隙的试件其峰值强度和峰值轴向应变比完整试件均有明显降低,且预制裂隙的长度对峰值强度和峰值轴向应变的降低幅度有一定影响。试验成果无疑对分析真实岩体的破坏失稳机理有着重要的参考价值。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to