刷形两亲聚合物体系的表面张力研究

考察一类含有密集疏水侧链具有刷形分子骨架结构的阴离子两亲聚合物AMPS-AMC12S溶液体系表面张力受聚合物浓度及盐的影响,研究了阴离子、阳离子以及两性离子型的小分子表面活性剂对聚合物体系表面张力的影响.结果表明,疏水含量较高的聚合物溶液具有更低的表面张力,盐的存在可使聚合物溶液的表面张力升高,升高程度随聚合物疏水含量升高而减小;由于电荷屏蔽作用,聚合物与相同离子型表面活性剂相互作用较弱,与相反离子型表面活性剂相互作用较强;聚合物与相反离子型表面活性剂之间的相互作用使体系的表面张力高于表面活性剂单一体系,表面活性剂浓度增大甚至使体系出现絮凝和沉淀的现象;聚合物与两性离子表面活性剂之间的相互作用同样使体系表面张力升高,而表面活性剂浓度增大不会导致体系出现絮凝或沉淀的现象.     

微细矿粒在水溶液中的疏水絮凝

本文着重讨论细微矿物颗粒的疏水絮凝行为及机理。对石英、菱锰矿、赤铁矿及金红石的实验研究表明,矿物润湿性的变化对矿粒悬浮液的分散稳定性有巨大影响。矿粒表面疏水化常与显著的絮凝现象伴生,这种絮凝现象无法用经典的DLVO理论解释。通过对石英-胺及菱锰矿-油酸体系疏水絮凝的理论探讨及势能计算,可以看出表面活性剂吸附而诱发的粒间疏水作用势能远远大干双电层作用或范德华作用势能,因此,疏水作用对此种絮凝行为具有支配地位。     

微细矿粒在水中的疏水絮凝行为研究

实验研究表明,矿粒表面润湿性的变化严重地影响其悬浮液的分散稳定性,矿粒的疏水化往往伴随着明显的絮凝,此种絮凝无法用 DLVO 理论解释。对疏水絮凝机理的初步探讨及对粒子疏水作用势能的分析计算表明,在一定距离内此种作用能远远超过静电排斥能及分子吸引能,从而对悬浮液的分散稳定性起主导作用。     

微粒矿物诱导疏水絮凝中的疏水作用

加入适当的表面活性剂使微粒矿物表面疏水化而使其悬浮体产生聚团的现象,称为诱导疏水絮凝。它与常规的胶体聚沉现象不同,不能为DLVO理论所解释。本文通过对颗粒间疏水粘着力及润湿接触角、zeta电位的测量和体系的疏水絮凝行为的研究,获得如下结论:疏水作用力对诱导疏水絮凝起支配作用;当微粒表面有足够大的润湿接触角而颗粒产生疏水吸引力时,才能使微粒悬浮体强烈聚团。     

随机和交替聚电解质与表面活性剂分子相互作用的分子动力学模拟

采用分子动力学模拟方法研究了由带电链节与不带电的中性链节组成的交替共聚物和随机共聚物与带相反电荷表面活性剂的相互作用,考察了随机和交替共聚物中中性链节的亲、疏水性对所形成复合物的影响。结果表明,当共聚物中中性链节表现为亲水特性时,交替与随机共聚物吸附表面活性剂分子的能力差别不大,在所模拟的浓度区间内,两种聚电解质与表面活性剂均形成瓶刷结构。当中性链节表现为疏水特性时,带电链节的交替分布和随机分布不仅影响了其吸附表面活性剂的能力,也影响了复合物的最终结构。在所考察的表面活性剂浓度范围内,疏水性的随机共聚物与表面活性剂相互作用会形成较大的聚集体,而疏水性的交替共聚物与表面活性剂的作用仅能形成瓶刷结构以及较小的聚集体。     

新型缔合聚合物与表面活性剂的相互作用

通过对新型疏水缔合聚合物和表面活性剂二元体系的流变性及其聚表体系与模拟油之间的界面张力的研究,发现新型疏水缔合聚合物NAPs与表面活性剂SDBS之间存在明显的相互作用,并在一定条件下出现协同效应,聚表体系的体相粘度在某一表面活性剂浓度下出现最大值。聚表相互作用使它与模拟油之间出现最低界面张力的表面活性剂浓度增加,且界面张力要高于单独表面活性剂溶液与模拟油之间的界面张力。     

阳离子表面活性剂与高岭石的相互作用机理

采用十二胺阳离子表面活性剂为捕收剂,考察了高岭石的可浮性随pH值的变化情况.通过对高岭石不同解理面的化学组成分析及其与十二胺作用的量子化学计算分析,建立了高岭石在不同pH值条件下与十二胺的作用模型,解释了阳离子作用下高岭石的浮选行为.碱性矿浆中,高岭石颗粒的端面和层面均带负电,各解理面间产生静电斥力而使矿粒充分分散;阳离子十二胺在高岭石的(001)面优先吸附,使高岭石的各表面亲水性不同,从而在亲水力的作用下使颗粒发生疏水絮凝,减少了矿物的疏水表面,使矿物难以被浮选.在酸性条件下,矿浆中存在大量游离的离子,高岭石的(001)面吸附H 而使其表面性质与{001}面性质相似,十二胺能够较均匀地吸附在高岭石的各个解理面上.此外,高岭石颗粒的端面带正电,层面带负电,二者之间静电引力作用使矿粒发生絮凝,减少了高岭石矿粒的总表面积,增加了捕收剂的吸附密度.2种因素共同作用,使高岭石在pH值较低的矿浆中表现出较好的可浮性.     

微细矿粒疏水絮凝动力学

本文讨论搅拌在疏水絮凝中的重要作用。作者通过试验发现,石英或菱锰矿微细矿粒的最大絮凝度仅在搅拌转速为800—1000rpm处出现,且与矿粒的原始粒度无关。文中提出的絮凝动力学总模型考虑了絮团形成及絮团破裂两个分过程。模型揭示了疏水絮凝及凝聚的重要的动力学差异。同时考察了非极性油对疏水絮凝的强化作用。     

微细粒黑钨矿疏水絮凝浮选中聚团形成机制

通过疏水絮凝实验、原子力显微镜分析和数值模拟计算等方法,系统研究了微细粒黑钨矿的疏水聚团形成机制.结果表明：pH为8.0～8.5时,油酸钠诱导黑钨矿表面疏水并产生疏水絮凝行为,微细粒黑钨矿疏水聚团D₅₀与油酸钠的质量浓度和搅拌强度正相关;油酸钠体系中黑钨矿颗粒间具有较强的黏附力,疏水作用力是疏水聚团形成的主要贡献成分;搅拌装置中形成的强湍流流场环境有助于矿物颗粒的相互接触与能量传递,增加颗粒碰撞黏附概率;在流场高剪切力和油酸钠诱导疏水力共同作用下促进了微细粒黑钨矿形成大而稳固的聚团,与常规浮选相比,疏水絮凝浮选WO₃回收率提高了12.04%.     

助滤剂对浮选硫精矿过滤特性的影响

针对浮选硫精矿滤饼薄、含水量高的问题,探讨了不同类型表面活性剂及聚丙烯酰胺絮凝剂对硫精矿滤饼含水量和过滤速率的影响并对作用机理进行探讨.实验结果表明,非离子型低分子表面活性剂可降低液气表面张力,使矿粒表面疏水化,从而降低滤饼含水量;阳离子型絮凝剂通过絮凝作用可显著提高过滤速率,对滤饼含水量影响不大;自制HG-12非离子表面活性剂与阳离子聚丙烯酰胺DA-1适当复合使用,可有效降低滤饼含水量3.1%(质量分数),并提高了过滤速率;同时,具有较高表面活性和絮凝作用的高分子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯UC-309,在用量为100 g/t时,可将滤饼含水量降低3.9%,使滤饼比阻降低,过滤速率加快.     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to