HQ80C钢性能与组织的定量关系

研究了一种Cr-Ni-Mo-V-Ti-B多元合金化，强度高于785MPa的可焊结构钢（HQ80C）淬火态和400－700度回火态显微组织与拉伸性能及冲击性能之间的定量关系，发现钢的韧脆转化温度（50％FAT）与马氏体板条束截线长度呈线性相关，建立了调质态钢的屈服强度计算公式，回火温度范围为500－700度时理论计算值与实测值相对偏差均小于3％。     

铁镍代钴新型硬质合金的组织和性能

研究了热处理对粘结剂质量分数为１０％的ＷＣ－（Ｆｅ，Ｃｏ，Ｎｉ）合金组织和性能的影响，结果表明：淬火－回火过程中，硬质相ＷＣ的形态、大小和分布基本上没有变化，但粘结相的结构有变化；烧结态粘结相为马氏体和少量残留奥氏体组成；淬火处理使烧结态合金中的残留奥氏体量减小；淬火后回火，粘结相中出现逆转变回火奥氏体；随回火温度升高，逆转变回火奥氏体增加。文中还讨论了烧结态粘结相中马氏体的形成和逆转变回火奥氏体产生的原因，以及不同回火处理态合金中逆转变回火奥氏体与合金性能的关系。     

P92耐热钢接头组织与冲击性能

P92铁素体耐热钢因其优异的高温综合性能而作为超超临界发电机组用钢.采用金相显微镜﹑显微硬度计和扫描电子显微镜等分析方法,研究了TIG自熔焊后760℃回火不同保温时间对P92钢接头组织、显微硬度及冲击性能的影响,从显微组织和断口形貌角度对性能的变化进行了分析.结果表明:P92钢焊态下焊缝区平均显微硬度为400HV_(0.5),冲击韧性值为20J.经回火热处理,焊缝区显微硬度显著降低,冲击韧性提高,接头中δ-铁素体体积分数显著减少.在760℃回火保温7h后,焊缝区平均硬度下降到234HV_(0.5),冲击韧性值增加到86J.随回火时间的延长,断口形貌从韧/脆混合断裂向韧性断裂过渡.     

Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响

利用光学显微镜和透射电镜观察不同Ti含量3.5Ni钢试样的组织及析出物,并通过测定其-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功来研究Ti微合金化对3.5Ni钢低温韧性的影响。结果表明,与0.042Ti试样相比,0.079Ti试样在热轧态和正火+回火态时晶粒大小相同,但其热轧态组织中珠光体细化,且正火+回火态组织中TiN数量增多,平均尺寸约为150nm;正火+回火处理后,0.079Ti试样在-80～-120℃的夏比冲击功为233～23J,均低于0.042Ti试样相应值(234～66J);对于正火+回火态试样,较粗大TiN粒子的析出是造成其低温韧性降低的主要原因。     

过共晶超高铬铸铁合金的组织与性能

研究了过共晶超高铬铸铁的组织和热处理工艺对其性能的影响,过共晶超高铬铸铁的铸态组织由初生碳化物M7C3 共晶(M7C3 M23C6) 马氏体 残余奥氏体组成,其中初生碳化物(M7C3)为六方形长秆状.在1050℃淬火的条件下,低温回火时,材料的硬度、冲击韧性的变化不大,回火温度提高到450℃后,材料的硬度显著升高,相应的冲击韧性下降;回火温度继续上升,材料的硬度下降,冲击韧性升高.     

35SiMnMoV钢多相复合组织形态对常温冲击性能的影响

作者采用热处理方法,获得了马氏体+贝氏体+铁素体+奥氏体的多相纤维状复合组织。并与马氏体+铁素体纤维状双相组织和粒状贝氏体为主的复合组织进行了冲击性能、硬度、强度的对比。应用光镜、扫描电镜和透射电镜,对冲击断口形貌、复合组织形态进行了观察。用X射线衍射仪测定了奥氏体体积分数。结果表明:前者在低温回火或未回火状态下,与调质态的纤维状双相组织和回火态的粒状贝氏体组织相比,在等硬度、等强度下,具有更高的冲击韧性和更优异的强韧性配合。本文还探讨了冲击性能变化的机理。     

淬火工艺对双金属带锯条组织及力学性能的影响

探讨了淬火工艺对双金属带锯条齿部和背部材料的微观组织与力学性能、实际锯切寿命及断口形貌特征的影响．结果表明：淬火工艺对双金属带锯条背部与齿部材料的组织与力学性能有影响,尤其对背部材料的影响较明显．降低淬火冷却速率,使背部材料塑性以及抗疲劳性能有一定的下降,这主要是由于淬火后孪晶马氏体（含板条内微孪晶马氏体）量有所增加,回火后,使孪晶马氏体发生退化产生脆性片状碳化物,进一步增加了回火脆性     

9Cr—1Mo—V—Nb耐热钢焊接接头组织分析

文章分析了９Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ与几种常用耐热钢焊接接头的显微组织,表明试验的各种焊接接头的机械性能良好．各焊接接头回火后焊缝区的显微组织均为回火马氏体,这与９Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ钢正火回火态的显微组织相类似,但晶粒相对粗大．９Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ同类钢焊接接头过热区显微组织为回火马氏体,局部地区有少量δ铁素体．９Ｃｒ－１Ｍｏ－Ｖ－Ｎｂ钢与合金元素较低的异类钢焊接接头过热区的晶粒长大程度较同类钢为甚,碳化物聚集长大较显著．     

轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质钢力学性能的影响

通过采用不同的轧制和冷却工艺并进行再加热淬火和回火处理，分析各状态下的组织和力学性能以及不同轧态组织的再加热奥氏体化进程，研究了轧制冷却工艺对低合金调质高强钢力学性能的影响规律.结果表明，控制轧制能够增加轧态组织的原奥氏体晶界面积，提高再加热奥氏体形核率，得到较细化的再加热淬火组织，并且能够提高回火后的强韧性能.实验钢轧后连续水冷条件下得到马氏体组织，而空冷条件下得到的粒状贝氏体组织内碳元素分布不均匀，有利于提高再加热淬火回火后的强度.实验钢在控制轧制中断冷却工艺下能获得最佳的调质态力学性能.     

回火工艺对热轧高强贝氏体钢轨组织和力学性能的影响

本文研究了不同回火工艺条件下热轧态U25CrNi高强贝氏体钢轨的组织与力学性能变化。结果表明,试验钢热轧态和回火组织均由贝氏体、马氏体和残余奥氏体构成。当回火条件为300℃×200min时,试验钢中部分残余奥氏体发生贝氏体相变,钢的各项力学性能变化不大;当回火温度升至400℃时,试验钢中残余奥氏体体积分数较大,碳化物析出量较少,内应力进一步释放,试验钢的延伸率和冲击吸收功达到最大值,同温度下延长回火时间至360min,钢中碳化物颗粒析出增多,延伸率和冲击性能明显降低;当回火温度为500℃时,试验钢中贝氏体铁素体明显粗化,并伴随大量碳化物颗粒析出,残余奥氏体大量分解,出现了回火脆性。综合考虑,U25CrNi热轧高强贝氏体钢轨的最佳回火工艺为400℃×200min。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

正The periodicity of the elements and the non-reactivity of the inner-shell electrons are two related principles of chemistry,rooted in the atomic shell structure.Within compounds,Group I elements,for example,invariably assume the+1 oxidation state,and their chemical properties differ completely from those of the p-block elements.These general rules govern our understanding of chemical structures and reactions.Using first principles calcula-     

Exchange-Correlation and Electronic Excitation Energies from Pairing Matrix Fluctuations

We have developed an adiabatic connection to formulate the ground-state exchange-correlation energy in terms of pairing matrix linear fluctuations.This formulation of the exchange-correlation energy opens a new channel for density functional approximations based on the many-body perturbation theory.We illustrate the potential of such approaches with an approximation based on the particle-particle Random Phase Approximation(pp-RPA).This re-     

Density Functional Theory for the Response of Periodic Systems to Electric Fields Based on the Vector Potential Approach

正The electronic and nuclear(structural/vibrational)response of 1D-3D nanoscale systems to electric fields gives rise to a host of optical,mechanical,spectral,etc.properties that are of high theoretical and applied interest.Due to the computational difficulty of treating such large systems it is convenient to model them as infinite and periodic(at least,in first approximation).The fundamental theoretical/computational problem in doing so is that     

On the Thermodynamic Limit for Responses to Static Electromagnetic Fields

For molecular systems,the quantum-mechanical treatment of their responses to static electromagnetic fields usually employs a scalar-potential treatment of the electric field and a vector-potential treatment of the magnetic field.Although the potential for each field separately is associated with the choice of an(unphysical)origin,the precise choice of the origin for the electrostatic field has little consequences for the results.This is different for the