Sr-Nd isotope geochemistry of eolian dust of the arid-semiarid areas in China： Implications for loess provenance and monsoon evolution

Strontium (Sr) is a divalent alkaline earth element. Its ionic radius (0.113 nm) is slightly larger than that of calcium (0.099 nm), and Sr thus substitutes isomor- phously for Ca in many minerals. Neodymium (Nd) is a rare earth element. Its chemical prop…     

鄂尔多斯沙漠高原白垩系地下水锶同位素的演化机理

结合地下水化学资料,应用含水介质和地下水Sr含量及87Sr/86Sr比值,对鄂尔多斯沙漠高原白垩系含水层中水-岩作用机制进行了研究.结果表明:含水介质中钾长石、斜长石和碳酸盐矿物的87Sr/86Sr比值具有差异,地下水87Sr/86Sr比值介于0.709 871～0.711 792.地下水Sr来源主要为碳酸盐矿物、硫酸...     

奥陶系海相碳酸盐锶同位素组成及受成岩流体的影响

综合了已有的全球奥陶系海相碳酸盐的锶同位素分析结果及演化趋势,测试了塔里木盆地北部奥陶系4种类型共计51个非沉积碳酸盐矿物的锶同位素组成,通过对照研究,得出如下认识:(1)奥陶纪全球海水87Sr/86Sr比值具有随时间单调下降的总体趋势,其原因与晚寒武世-奥陶纪的全球淹没事件,以及广阔陆表海和有关的沉积物对放射性成因锶的封存作用有关;(2)塔里木盆地塔中地区海相碳酸盐的锶同位素演化趋势总体上与全球一致,说明全球海平面变化仍然是塔里木盆地海相碳酸盐锶同位素组成与演化的主要控制因素;(3)塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统部分海相碳酸盐87Sr/86Sr比值的降低可能与深部流体的影响有关;(4)塔里木盆地塔中地区上奥陶统部分海相碳酸盐样品87Sr/86Sr比值的升高与晚奥陶世盆地抬升过程造成的表生成岩环境中近地表大气淡水作用带来的富放射性成因锶的影响有关;(5)分布于塔里木盆地北部奥陶系风化壳中非沉积碳酸盐具有很高的87Sr/86Sr比值,最低值也显著高于0.7079左右的晚奥陶世末海水的锶同位素组成,说明大气淡水及壳源组分在奥陶系水岩反应中具有极为重要的意义;(6)奥陶系风化壳中的4种非沉积成因方解石中,与不整合面附近古喀斯特作用有关的方解石的87Sr/86Sr比值最高,显著高于各种成因的裂隙(构造或非构造成因裂隙)中的方解石,说明在非海相流体的影响中,不整合面附近的大气淡水作用是最为重要的.     

湖泊沉积物Rb／Sr比值的古气候含义

由于 Rb、Sr 在表生过程中地球化学性质的明显差异,不同的封闭湖盆接纳的各种气候条件下形成的连续沉积物具有明显不同含量的 Rb、Sr,沉积物 Rb/Sr 比值的变化序列可以反映流域经历的化学风化及气候演变历程。利用湖泊沉积物记录的 Rb/Sr 比值反演流域古环境变迁比利用海洋沉积物、黄土-古土壤更直接,减少了不确定性,优势明显。     

近50 ka以来雷州半岛北部泥炭序列87Sr/86Sr比值变化的环境意义研究

本文通过对雷州半岛北部湛江市屋山村和遂溪县下录村两个泥炭序列锶同位素比值（87Sr/86Sr）进行了测定,探讨了晚更新世晚期以来我国北热带地区泥炭序列锶同位素的古环境指示意义。分析结果表明:在过去近50 ka以来,泥炭序列中87Sr/86Sr比值变化于0.713 0.722之间,平均值为0.716。通过与已发表的气候代用指标对比,发现在轨道尺度上87Sr/86Sr比值在暖湿期（如MIS 3阶段）呈现相对低值,而在相对凉（冷）期（如MIS 2阶段）,则表现为高值;这种现象甚至在千年尺度上也有很好的体现。形成这种现象的主要原因可能是由于泥炭序列中87Sr/86Sr比值的变化主要与流域风化淋溶后残留的硅酸岩碎屑物质的输入有关,且受到了因气候条件变化所导致的地表径流和植被繁茂程度变化的积极影响。因此,本研究结果表明雷州半岛北部地区泥炭序列87Sr/86Sr比值记录可以作为流域化学风化强度变化的有效指标。     

Quantitative reconstruction of the paleosalinity in the Daihai Lake, Inner Mongolia, China

Ostracods are small bivalved aquatic crustaceans. They secrete shells of low-Mg calcite that are often preserved in lake sediments. Recent work has shown that the uptake of trace elements (especially Mg and Sr) into the shell may be a function of the salinity and temperature of the host water. We measured Sr/Ca ratios in living ostracod valves from the species of genus Limnocythere cf. inopinata and Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios of the host water to calculate distribution coefficient of genus Limnocythere cf. inopinata in the Daihai Lake. A function for Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratio and salinity was established by measuring a series of Sr²⁺/Ca²⁺ ratios and salinities of the lake water in different places of the Daihai Lake. Finally paleosalinities of the lake water were quantitatively reconstructed by the Sr/Ca ratios of ostracod shells of the same species in sediment core of the Daihai Lake.     

Variations in CaCO3 content and Sr isotopic composition of loess and records of paleoclimatic fluctuations

The carbonate Sr isotopic composition of the Heimugou loess-paleosol section in Luochuan of Shaanxi Province shows large variation, with the 87 Sr/86 Sr ratios ranging from 0.7104 to 0.7120. The carbonate in paleosol has in general higher 87Sr/86Sr than the carbonate in loess. In the loess-paleosol section, the Sr isotopic composition vary with an about 100 ka periodicity, corresponding to the change of global glacial cycle and comparable with the variation of Sr isotopic composition of paleosea water. This result indicates that the Sr isotopic composition of carbonate in loess can be an indicator of crustal weathering and paleoclimate change. The fluctuation in Sr isotopic composition of paleoseawater is mainly controlled by the continental riverine flux of Sr and its isotopic composition.     

中国小冰期区域气候演化研究

在我国不同地区通过不同代用资料如冰芯、树轮、孢粉、湖泊沉积物、历史文献记录等恢复的小冰期气候的基础上, 分析总结了小冰期我国气候演化的区域分异特征,并探讨其原因机制,力图为未来气候变化提供参考。     

远源地下水入侵阿拉善高原沙漠:酸溶物Sr同位素证据

选取北方西－东向气候剖面上物质组成相似的四个沙漠（塔克拉玛干、巴丹吉林、腾格里和毛乌素）,测定其地表沙酸溶物87Sr/86Sr比值、Ca2+和Sr2+浓度。Ca2+和Sr2+浓度相关性极好,在降雨量低的塔克拉玛干沙漠中最高,向东逐渐降低,在降雨量多的毛乌素沙漠中最低。降雨量是控制阳离子浓度变化的主导因素。酸溶物87Sr/86Sr比值在四个沙漠中有不同于阳离子变化的区域特征。塔克拉玛干沙漠酸溶物87Sr/86Sr比值在0.71以下,巴丹吉林和腾格里沙漠的大于0.7112,而毛乌素沙漠的在0.71-0.7112之间变化。塔克拉玛干和毛乌素沙漠地表沙酸溶物87Sr/86Sr比值仅受气候变化的制约。巴丹吉林和腾格里沙漠除了受气候因素影响外还受其它因素的制约,最可能的就是远源地下水。经计算,远源地下水对巴丹吉林沙漠的影响份额为47%,对腾格里沙漠为44%,接近气候因素的影响。     

Determination on ^87Sr/^86Sr ratio and stratigraphic dating of single-grain foraminifera

Information on palaeoocean and palaeoclimate can be recorded in foraminifera, and formation ages of the fo- raminifera are nevertheless essential for such study of pa- laeoenvironment. The growth rate of seamount ferroman- ganese crusts is normally very l…     

近300年来岱海流域气候干湿变化与人类活动的湖泊响应

根据岱海60cm柱状岩芯的磁化率、孢粉、粒度等环境指标的分析结果,对历史时期岱海气候干湿变化和人类活动的湖泊记录进行探讨,岱海湖泊沉积记录近300年来的气候干湿变化可划分七个阶段,与历史记载有较好的一致性;频率磁化率高值段对应气候偏湿阶段,低值对应气候偏干阶段,人类活动特别是人口增加和土地开垦,加剧流域水土流失,导致湖泊沉积物中细颗粒组分增加,频率磁化率升高;孢粉Ulmus的变化受流域人口增加的影响。频率磁化率和孢粉是反映岱海历史时期干湿变化和人类活动的重要环境指标。     

Negligible glacial-interglacial variation in continental chemical weathering rates

Chemical weathering of the continents is central to the regulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations, and hence global climate. On million-year timescales silicate weathering leads to the draw-down of carbon dioxide, and on millennial timescales chemical weathering affects the calcium carbonate saturation state of the oceans and hence their uptake of carbon dioxide. However, variations in chemical weathering rates over glacial-interglacial cycles remain uncertain. During glacial periods, cold and dry conditions reduce the rate of chemical weathering, but intense physical weathering and the exposure of carbonates on continental shelves due to low sea levels may increase this rate. Here we present high-resolution records of the lead isotope composition of ferromanganese crusts from the North Atlantic Ocean that cover the past 550,000 years. Combining these records with a simple quantitative model of changes in the lead isotope composition of the deep North Atlantic Ocean in response to chemical weathering, we find that chemical weathering rates were two to three times lower in the glaciated interior of the North Atlantic Region during glacial periods than during the intervening interglacial periods. This decrease roughly balances the increase in chemical weathering caused by the exposure of continental shelves, indicating that chemical weathering rates remained relatively constant on glacial-interglacial timescales. On timescales of more than a million years, however, we suggest that enhanced weathering of silicate glacial sediments during interglacial periods results in a net draw-down of atmospheric carbon dioxide, creating a positive feedback on global climate that, once initiated, promotes cooling and further glaciation.     

Quantitative reconstruction of the paleosalinity at Qinghai Lake in the past 900 years

Based on the function relationship between the shell length of Limnocythere inopinata and the salinity of its living water in Tibetan Plateau lakes, the paleosalinty of Qinghai Lake in the past 900 years was reconstructed through the measurement of the adult body length of Limnocythere inopinata. Meanwhile, the paleosalinity sequence of Qinghai Lake during the same period was rebuilt by the St/Ca ratio of the shell of Eucypris inflata combined with the St/Ca ratio of living ostracod valves from the species of genus Eucypris inflata and the host water. The paleosalinity results obtained by two different methods were compared and assessed in this paper. To check the result, it was also contrasted with other historical climatic sequences of this area including tree ring and ice core. It was shown that the paleosalinity sequence rebuilt by adult ostracod body length had high reliability, and the paleosalinity reconstruction method by trace elements of ostracod shells was not suitable for Qinghai Lake. From the reconstructed paleosalinty sequence of Qinghai Lake, it can be found that low salinity during 1160-1290 AD showed the humid climate condition on the Mediaeval Warm Period in this area, while the high salinity during 1410-1540 AD, 1610-1670 AD and 1770-1850 AD which was corresponding to the three cold pulses of the Little Ice Age with a dry climate condition. And the high salinity in the latest several decades was consistent with recent warm and dry trends of the climate in this area. The good consistency of the reconstructed palaeosalinity sequence and the precipitation sequence in this area rebuilt by tree ring proves the reconstruction of past lake salinity is reliable.     

太湖现代沉积物的物质组成和形成条件分析

对太湖现代沉积物进行了X射线衍射分析、粒度分析和常量元素分析，由此推断它们的矿物成分、化学风化程度差异，并分析了不同的水动力条件和物源。太湖沉积物的主要矿物组成是石英、云母、正长石和钠长石，粘土矿物为伊利石、绿泥石、高岭石和蒙脱石。化学组成显示，太湖沉积物的烧失量较高，与上部陆壳平均化学成分相比，Na、Na、K、Mg亏损，Mn、Ti富集，上部陆壳成分标准化图表明其风化程度明显强于下蜀土。化学风化程度指标CIA、Na/K值和Fe/Mg值的变化也表明太湖沉积物的化学风化作用比下蜀土强，，并存在地域的差别。太湖沉积物的CaCO3含量明显较低，反映了太湖流域本身的特点。所有这些特征表明，太湖沉积物的形成不仅与物源、地域位置有关，而且明显受人类活动的影响。     

High－resolution precipitation variations in the Northeast Tibetan Plateau over the last 800 years documented by sediment cores of Qinghai Lake

Short cores of about 80-cm retrieved from three main basins of th e deepwater areas in Qinghai Lake,the largest inland enclosed lake in China, were studied. Sta-ble isotopes of authigenlc carbonates, grain-size, carbonate and organic matter content at 5-year resolution are used to reconstruct the climatic history over the last 800 years in the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Chronology was established according to 210^pb dating and 137^Cs methods and the core corrdation. It is found that cores from different deep basins of the lake can be well correlated. The sedimentary rate is highest in the western basin of the lake and lowest in the east.In the southern basin of the lake where the short core Qing-6is located, the recent average sedimentation rate is 0.1004cm/yr. Variations in effective precipitation recorded by the oxygen isotopes and grain size data durine the last 800 years are consistent with the glacial accumulation record form the Dunde and Guliya ice cores. A dry climate lasted for 300 years from 1200 AD to 1500 AD, followed by a wet period from 1500 to 1560 AD. The two dry periods, 1560 to 1650 AD and 1780 to 1850 AD, were the results of southwest monsoon weakening. The effective precipitation generally increased since 1650 AD due to the strengthening of the Asian South-west Monsoon, resulting in a wet period until the 1950s. Ex-cept the early stage, the Little Ice Age on the Plateau is characterized b y increased effective moisture. Organic mat-ter content, with nearly 200-year cycles, shows similar trend with the atmospheric delta earbon-14 before the 1850s, indi-eating that the bioproductivity responds to solar activity.     

锶同位素地层学在海相地层定年中的潜在价值

锶同位素地层学在海相地层的对比和定年中具有十分重要的作用。随着锶同位素地层学的深入研究，人们清楚地认识到海水的锶同位素组成是全球变化的灵敏指示剂。显生宙以来全球海水的^87Sr／^86Sr比值是时间的函数，可以把锶同位素组成用于海相地层的定年和进行全球对比，估计沉积间断持续时间、生物带的时间范围和发展阶段，从而为重要地球化学周期的预测提供基础参数。当锶同位素地层学用于定年时，其地质年龄的精确度取决于几个因素，包括样品原始锶同位素组成的保存情况、分析精度、用于建立数据库样品年龄的可信度以及^87Sr／^86Sr比值—年龄曲线的最佳拟合方法等。     

东亚夏季风变迁的灵敏的指标:黄土碳酸盐的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr比值

对130ka以来陕西洛川黑木沟剖面的黄土和古土壤碳酸盐中银同位素进行的系统测定显示．在末次间冰期期间87Sr／86Sr平均值为0．71136,末次冰期期间87Sr／86Sr平均值为0．71079．古土壤碳酸盐的87Sr／86Sr比值明显高于黄土碳酸盐的87Sr／86Sr比值．导致这种差别的主要原因是化学风化强度的变化．研究表明,黄土和古土壤碳酸盐87Sr／86Sr比值的变化是现出一个由本次间冰期到未次冰期的约10万年的周期,在这个周期变化的总趋势之上又覆盖了一种波动周期约在2．5ka～2．7ka的高频波动变化．它与小冰期年龄（LittleIceAge）大致吻合．黄土碳酸盐87Sr／86Sr比值的这种高振幅和周期的变化．表明它可能是一种反映东亚夏季风变化的高灵敏度的替代指标．     

青藏高原中西部湖泊生物标志物记录的过去两千年气候变化

以青藏高原中西部湖泊达则错和阿翁错为研究对象,通过分析湖泊沉积物岩芯中GDGTs、长链不饱和烯酮与叶蜡化合物单体氢同位素等生物分子标志物获得过去2000 a以来青藏高原中西部定量的温度与降水同位素记录,以期探讨晚全新世以来不同时段青藏高原气候变化区域特征,并揭示过去2000 a季风与西风对青藏高原影响范围的变化.结果表明:(1)青藏高原气候变化存在强烈的区域性特征,两个湖泊均存在中世纪暖期(MWP),但是暖期持续的时间有所不同,高原西部(阿翁错) MWP持续时间明显长于高原中部(达则错);达则错有明显的小冰期(LIA)降温,阿翁错没有发现明显的LIA,可能受样品分辨率低的影响;过去200 a达则错温度有缓慢降低趋势,可能是冰融水补给湖泊温度变化滞后于气候变化的表现.(2)过去2000 a印度夏季风在青藏高原的最北界线可能发生了北移,在距今1000～2000 a,夏季风边界线位于阿翁错以北、达则错以南;但在过去1000 a印度季风边界线移动到阿翁错和达则错以北.     

Peat molecular fossils recording paleoclimatic change and organism replacement

The occurrence of the dominant C₂₃ n-alkane derived from bryophyte was demonstrated to be related to the cold climate, based on the GC and GC/MS analyses on a 40-cm long peat core, in which this compound exponentially varies in abundance with the depth corresponding to the well-known second Little Ice Age. Both the variation of the chemical components of modern bryophyte resulted from climatic change and the ecological data about the biological growth influenced by climate shed light on the point that the variation of this compound in the peat was related to the cold climate. This was also evidenced by the previously-reported lacustrine data. In addition, the variations of the ratios of ketones/esters and C₂₄ n-alkene/n-alkane (C_24︰1/C_24︰0) display the trend identical with that of organisms, implicating the replacement between bryophyte and monocotyledon occurring in the peat core.     

Millennial climate changes since MIS 3 revealed by element records in deep-sea sediments from northern South China Sea

High resolution elemental MD05-2903 from the northern South records in core China Sea were obtained from XRF scanning and grain size and mineral component analyses. The K/Ti curve reveals climate changes since MIS 3 on a millennial scale, representing one of the best such records so far from deep-sea sediments of the South China Sea. When compared our K/Ti record with other climate records from high latitude ice cores and from East Asia stalagmites, variations in the K/Ti record show some typical saw-shaped features of rapid climate changes in the Northern Hemisphere. Grain size analysis reveals a close relationship between variations in K/Ti and in the fine end-member grain size. XRD analysis confirms that high K/Ti layers were dominated by K-rich weathering minerals, especially illite, while low K/Ti layers contain low illite but high abundance of Ti-rich heavy minerals. Therefore, the K/Ti record reflects changes in the input and deposition of fine weathering minerals and heavy minerals in the northern South China Sea region during stadials and interstadials. These elemental changes were largely con- trolled by variations in rainfall, erosion, and fluvial trans- portation induced by East Asia Monsoon.