囚禁离子的非线性对压缩效应的影响

从描述囚禁离子与驻波激光场相互作用的Jaynes-Cummings(J-C)模型出发,导出了囚禁离子谐振动单量子共振激发相互作用的非线性J-C模型.通过求解这一模型的系统状态随时间变化,利用数值模型研究了离子质心运动的压缩效应的规律.结果表明,离子压缩效应与Lamb-Dicke参数和离子在驻波激光场中的位置有关.     

回旋质谱计中的离子弹道

本文从回旋质谱计中的离子运动方程出发,讨论了不同质是离子的弹道,并就共振离子的初速、射频场的初始相位对共振离子弹道的影响进行了详细的计算,证明H_2正离子除在原点附近以外基本上遵循阿基米德螺线运动,但对重离子而言只有在较大的磁场和较小的射频电场振幅时才可近似用阿基米德螺线来表示。计算又表明,初始条件的微小变化与由此产生的离子弹道变化引起的相对误差具有相同的数量级。     

炸弹绕心运动对质心运动的影响

炸弹从飞机上投下后,由于受初始条件的作用,其弹轴将围绕质心而摆动。炸弹的摆动运动必将对质心运动产生影响。本文将这种影响归结为相当的初速减小量。在电子计算机上计算了诸方面的弹道,求得了初速减小量的估算公式,建立了初速减小量与炸弹投放条件之间的近似关系。这个关系式对求算投放初始条件的修正是有帮助的。     

推导质点组对质心动能定理的一种方法

本文拟从柯尼希定理入手,结合质心运动定理而推导质点组对质心的动能定理.旨在推导中避开了惯性力作功这个复杂的问题,同时又将质点组对固定点的动能定理,质心运动定理以及柯尼希定理联系起来了.     

自发辐射诱导原子质心运动退相干的理论研究

研究单个二能级原子与真空电磁场的相互作用,给出了总系统的薛定谔方程的解析波函数,并分析得出原子质心运动的约化密度矩阵。结果表明原子内部电子态与真空场的相互作用会诱导原子的质心运动与原子的内部电子态发生纠缠,从而会导致原子的质心运动发生量子退相干。文中还给出了退相干因子的解析表达式,并通过图形演示了原子质心运动退相干的动力学演化情况,以及与原子的空间尺度和原子-场耦合强度的相关性。     

基于共面两囚禁冷离子的信息读写

利用离子阱内共面两囚禁冷离子,在库仑势的条件下,Schrdinger方程的精确解（即离散的本征态和本征能量）表明：径向运动量子数为1/2的整数倍变化;费米子和玻色子交替出现;质心运动磁量子数mc和相对运动磁量子数m使量子态产生一个mcβ+mθ的随机相位因子.并以2个冷H+为例,给出1个用量子态作资源,采用量子编码的方法,提出了在量子信息处理时,利用离散的本征态ψnc,mc,l,m,通过操控相位的变化,从而实现了对信息读写操作.     

非均匀磁场条件下CQED模型中的原子囚禁

应用一种半经典的方法求解了非均匀磁场中的CQED模型，借助于数值模拟发现了该模型中原子的囚禁与混沌运动以及三模激光场之间的关联耦合等特征，并讨论了激光场的强度、频率和非均匀磁场的磁场强度在数对原子囚禁的影响，其物理图像直观、清晰。     

相对瞬心的动量矩定理及应用

从质心运动定理和相对质心的动量矩定理出发,导出了相对瞬心的动量矩定理,通过两个例子 出,应用此定理能比较简便的求解某一类平面运动。     

船舶在波浪中运动的六自由度非线性耦合方程

基于刚体运动学理论,将船舶在波浪中的运动分解为平动和绕质心的转动,在分析了船舶受力情况的基础上,运用质点系相对于质心的动量矩定理和Newton第二运动定律建立了船舶的六自由度运动的非线性耦合方程,在建立方程的过程中,考虑到流体对船舶的影响,引入了附加质量和附加惯性矩,最后利用该方程推导出了常用的船舶运动数学模型。     

均匀电、磁场中带电粒子运动状态的分析

求出了带电粒子在均匀静电场、稳恒磁场中运动的一般规律，讨论了几种典型运动，给出了相应的运动轨迹，从而看出粒子的运动如何受电场、磁场的相对强弱和初始条件的影响．     

囚禁离子简并混合态的几何相位

讨论了离子阱中简并混合态的几何相位及相干度.计算得出混合态几何相位由演化时间,初态确定以及在离子的作用.另外,我们还计算出在特殊的作用下,几何相位不随离子的初态变化而变化.囚禁离子的高效检测性意味着本文所研究的混合态几何相位能够被验证.     

Trapped-ion antennae for the transmission of quantum information

More than 100 years ago, Hertz succeeded in transmitting signals over a few metres to a receiving antenna using an electromagnetic oscillator, thus proving the electromagnetic theory developed by Maxwell. Since this seminal work, technology has developed, and various oscillators are now available at the quantum mechanical level. For quantized electromagnetic oscillations, atoms in cavities can be used to couple electric fields. However, a quantum mechanical link between two mechanical oscillators (such as cantilevers or the vibrational modes of trapped atoms or ions) has been rarely demonstrated and has been achieved only indirectly. Examples include the mechanical transport of atoms carrying quantum information or the use of spontaneously emitted photons. Here we achieve direct coupling between the motional dipoles of separately trapped ions over a distance of 54 micrometres, using the dipole-dipole interaction as a quantum mechanical transmission line. This interaction is small between single trapped ions, but the coupling is amplified by using additional trapped ions as antennae. With three ions in each well, the interaction is increased by a factor of seven compared to the single-ion case. This enhancement facilitates bridging of larger distances and relaxes the constraints on the miniaturization of trap electrodes. The system provides a building block for quantum computers and opportunities for coupling different types of quantum systems.     

基于绝热演化通道的任意比特对称Dicke态的制备

根据绝热通道技术及暗态的演化机制,提出多个囚禁离子量子比特的纠缠Dicke态制备方案.该方案实现了处于激发状态的离子数连续可调,可完成任意对称Dicke态的制备.离子阱系统处于暗态,且能按照量子绝热演化进行,对试验参数的涨落不敏感.离子阱系统具有良好的屏蔽性,使离子几乎不受外界环境的影响,对离子比特的量子操作有更高的保真度.     

Coupled quantized mechanical oscillators

The harmonic oscillator is one of the simplest physical systems but also one of the most fundamental. It is ubiquitous in nature, often serving as an approximation for a more complicated system or as a building block in larger models. Realizations of harmonic oscillators in the quantum regime include electromagnetic fields in a cavity and the mechanical modes of a trapped atom or macroscopic solid. Quantized interaction between two motional modes of an individual trapped ion has been achieved by coupling through optical fields, and entangled motion of two ions in separate locations has been accomplished indirectly through their internal states. However, direct controllable coupling between quantized mechanical oscillators held in separate locations has not been realized previously. Here we implement such coupling through the mutual Coulomb interaction of two ions held in trapping potentials separated by 40?μm (similar work is reported in a related paper). By tuning the confining wells into resonance, energy is exchanged between the ions at the quantum level, establishing that direct coherent motional coupling is possible for separately trapped ions. The system demonstrates a building block for quantum information processing and quantum simulation. More broadly, this work is a natural precursor to experiments in hybrid quantum systems, such as coupling a trapped ion to a quantized macroscopic mechanical or electrical oscillator.     

多个囚禁离子纠缠态的制备

提出了一个制备任意多个囚禁离子叠加运动相干态的方案.制备的叠加运动相干态在位相空间呈一直线分布,该方案能用来制备任意多个囚禁离子的最大纠缠GHZ态.方案中仅使用了一束驻波光,驻波光的载波频率使得离子发生跃迁,而所有离子同时所处的位置可以不限于激光的波腹而处在任意位置.这能给实验带来许多便利,同时,只要选择激光的Rabi频率足够大,相应的操作时间可以足够短.     

地震人员伤亡的动态评估

引入初始人员伤亡矩阵的概念,确定老旧民房、砌体结构、混凝土框架结构的初始人员伤亡矩阵．在综合考虑初始伤亡状态、被困环境、被困时间、人员素质等因素的基础上．建立了地震人员伤亡的动态评估方法．使用该方法对1996年丽江地震的人员伤亡进行动态测算,测算结果与震后统计结果较为接近。     

Control of Ca2+ in rod outer segment disks by light and cyclic GMP

Photons absorbed in vertebrate rods and cones probably cause electrochemical changes at the photoreceptor plasma membrane by changing the cytoplasmic concentration of a diffusible transmitter substance, reducing the Na+ current flowing into the outer segment of the cell in the dark, to produce the observed membrane hyperpolarization that is the initial excitatory response. Cyclic GMP has been proposed as the transmitter because a light-activated cyclic GMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) has been found in rod disk membranes and because intracellularly injected cyclic GMP reduces rod membrane potentials. Free Ca2+ has also been proposed because increasing external [Ca2+] quickly and reversibly reduces the dark current and divalent cationophores increase the Ca2+ sensitivity. Ca2+ efflux from rod outer segments (ROS) of intact retinas occurs simultaneously with light responses. Vesicles prepared from ROS disk membranes become more permeable on illumination, releasing trapped ions or molecules, but intact outer segment disks have not previously been found to store sufficient Ca2+ in darkness and to release enough in light to meet the theoretical requirements for control of the dark current by varying cytoplasmic Ca2+ (refs 14-18). We now report experiments that show the required Ca2+ storage and release from rod disk membranes suspended in media containing high-energy phosphate esters and electrolytes approximating the cytoplasmic composition of live rod cells. Cyclic GMP stimulates Ca2+ uptake by ROS disks in such media.     

Entangled states of trapped atomic ions

To process information using quantum-mechanical principles, the states of individual particles need to be entangled and manipulated. One way to do this is to use trapped, laser-cooled atomic ions. Attaining a general-purpose quantum computer is, however, a distant goal, but recent experiments show that just a few entangled trapped ions can be used to improve the precision of measurements. If the entanglement in such systems can be scaled up to larger numbers of ions, simulations that are intractable on a classical computer might become possible.     

水泥混凝土板水分迁移模型的近似解析解

为了研究早龄期混凝土板的水分迁移规律,建立了早龄期混凝土路面板在外部干燥条件下的1维水分迁移模型,推导了基于Adomian分解法的求解任意边界条件下的非线性水分迁移模型的初边值问题的近似解析解,并与早龄期混凝土板的干燥过程试验数据和Crank-Nicolson有限差分法数值解的结果进行了比较.结果表明,Adomian分解法的收敛速度非常快,是一种有效的求解任意边界、初始和扩散系数下的混凝土板干燥过程的偏微分方程的方法.     

地下式水电站尾水洞过渡过程中明满流现象的研究

阐述了地下式水电站尾水洞过渡过程中明满流的转换过程;考虑了这类明满流特有的初始状态和边界条件的影响,对洞内截留空气和进、排气过程作了精心处理,建立了数学模型;进行了大量数值计算与水力学模型试验;深刻阐述了这类明满流现象的机理;讨论了明满流对尾水系统的危害及应采取的工程对策,该研究为类似工程设计和科学研究奠定了一定的理论基础。