硫酸铁催化合成乙酸异戊酯

以乙酸和异戊醇为原料,采用硫酸铁作催化剂来合成乙酸异戊酯.考察了乙酸与异戊醇的物质的量比、催化剂用量及反应时间对乙酸酯化率的影响.结果表明：硫酸铁对合成乙酸异戊酯具有良好的催化活性,酯化反应的最佳条件为：酸醇物质的量比为1：1.3（乙酸用量为0.1mol）,催化剂用量为0.9 g,回流反应1 h,酯化率可达96.69%.     

乙酸异戊酯的合成研究

研究了乙酸异戊酯的合成条件及工艺过程。用固体酸对氨基苯磺酸作催化剂,以异戊醇和冰乙酸直接酯化合成乙酸异戊酯。产物后处理简单,收率80%,催化剂可重复多次使用。     

NaHSO4·H2O催化下合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以乙酸和异戊醇为原料合成乙酸异戊酯,首次选用固体NaHSO4·H2O作催化剂通过不同的反应时间、不同用量的催化剂、不同酸醇比等对合成乙酸异戊酯的影响,找到最佳反应条件.实验成果表明,采用NaHSO4·H2O作催化剂较传统浓硫酸催化剂合成法具有缩短酯化时间、催化效率高、酯的产率较高、对环境污染较小的优点.     

复合固体超强酸S2O82-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化合成乙酸异戊酯

采用沉淀、老化、浸渍、干燥、焙烧等方法制备复合固体超强酸催化剂S2O28-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2,在该固体超强酸的催化作用下,由异戊醇和冰乙酸合成乙酸异戊酯,探讨醇酸摩尔配比、反应温度、反应时间、不同焙烧温度以及催化剂用量等条件对酯化率的影响。结果表明,此催化剂制备的最优条件为:焙烧温度为650℃,(NH4)2S2O8浸渍浓度为0.5 mol/L,焙烧时间为3 h。合成乙酸异戊酯适宜的反应条件是:反应时间50 min,原料异戊醇与冰乙酸的摩尔配比为2:1,用量为1 g,用复合固体超强酸S2O28-/Fe2O3/ZnO/ZrO2催化剂催化合成乙酸异戊酯的产率是88.5%。     

无机-有机杂化材料催化合成乙酸异戊酯及动力学研究

以甘氨酸(Gly)和磷钨酸为原料合成的一系列无机有机杂化材料为催化剂,考察各因素对其催化合成乙酸异戊酯的影响,并利用响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成工艺。研究表明,[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化剂具有最高的催化酯化反应活性和重复使用性能。响应面分析法优化乙酸异戊酯合成的最佳条件为:醇酸摩尔数比为1.05∶1,催化剂用量为酸质量的4.5%,反应时间2.0h,带水剂量10mL,该条件下,乙酸异戊酯产率为98.5%,结果与模型预测值基本相符。优化条件下[GlyH]_(1.0)-H_(2.0)PW_(12)O_(40)催化酯化反应表观活化能为79.73kJ/mol。     

NaH_2PO_4·2H_2O催化下合成酯的研究

首次以磷酸二氢钠作为催化剂合成了乙酸丁酯、己酸异戊酯、乙酸异戊酯、乳酸乙酯、乳酸异戊酯,并对酯化反应中的催化剂用量、醇酸摩尔比、回流时间以及催化剂的重复使用等情况进行了优化探讨,取得了较为满意的效果.     

硫酸铁催化合成氯乙酸异戊酯的研究

以硫酸铁为催化剂,正己烷为带水剂催化合成氯乙酸异戊酯,对反应过程中的酸醇摩尔比、反应时间、催化剂用量及催化剂重复使用等因素对反应收率的影响进行了考察,寻求氯乙酸异戊酯的最佳合成条件.结果显示,当酸醇摩尔(以0.1 mol为基准)比为1:1.3,催化剂用量为0.5 g,反应时间为0.5 h,带水剂正己烷为15 ml,反应温度100～110℃的条件下,氯乙酸异戊酯的收率可达到93.0%.该研究为氯乙酸异戊酯的工业合成提供了理论依据.     

多聚磷酸催化合成乙酸异戊酯的研究

以多聚磷酸代替浓硫酸作催化剂，对乙酸异戊酯合成进行了系统研究。以冰醋酸和异戊醇为原料合成乙酸戊酯。冰醋酸0．1mol、酸醇物质的量以1：1．2、催化剂量4ml、反应时间90min反应最佳，环己烷为带水剂，酯化产章为82．44％，样品用红外光谱表征．     

强酸性阳离子交换树脂催化下乙酸异戊酯的合成

以732型强健性阳离子交换树脂为催化剂、利用乙酸异戊酯和异戊醇可与水共沸的性质，使乙酯与异戊醇反应含成了乙酸异戊酯，收率达95%以上，此法操作方便，后处理简单，无设备腐蚀，产品收率高，质量稳定，催化剂可反复使用，环境污染轻，是乙酸异戊酯的一种理想的合成方法。     

Ti(SO4)2/SiO2催化合成草酸二异戊酯

采用负载法制得Ti(SO4)2/SiO2为催化剂合成了一种柴油十六烷值改进剂--草酸二异戊酯,在负载量20%,催化剂用量为草酸质量的5%,酸醇摩尔比1/2.8,反应时间1.5 h,草酸的酯化率高达97.4%.试验表明该催化剂使用后无需任何处理,可重复使用多次,是一种催化性能稳定、选择性好的催化合成草酸二异戊酯的环境友好催化剂.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to     

《Chinese Science Bulletin》SUBJECT INDEX TO VOLUME 59(2014)

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An on-line scaling method for improving scalability of a database cluster

The explosive growth of the Internet and database applications has driven database to be more scalable and available, and able to support on-line scaling without interrupting service. To support more client's queries without downtime and degrading the response time, more nodes have to be scaled up while the database is running. This paper presents the overview of scalable and available database that satisfies the above characteristics. And we propose a novel on-line scaling method. Our method improves the existing on-line scaling method for fast response time and higher throughputs. Our proposed method reduces unnecessary network use, i.e. , we decrease the number of data copy by reusing the backup data. Also, our on-line scaling operation can be processed parallel by selecting adequate nodes as new node. Our performance study shows that our method results in significant reduction in data copy time.     

An improved R-tree based on childnode''s probability

R-Tree is a good structure for spatial searching. But in this indexing structure,either the sequence of nodes in the same level or sequence of traveling these nodes when queries are made is random. Since the possibility that the object appears in different MBR which have the same parents node is different, if we make the subnode who has the most possibility be traveled first, the time cost will be decreased in most of the cases. In some case, the possibility of a point belong to a rectangle will shows direct proportion with the size of the rectangle. But this conclusion is based on an assumption that the objects are symmetrically distributing in the area and this assumption is not always coming into existence. Now we found a more direct parameter to scale the possibility and made a little change on the structure of R-tree, to increase the possibility of founding the satisfying answer in the front sub trees. We names this structure probability based arranged R-tree (PBAR-tree).     

Integrating GIS Web services based on mediating architecture

The geographic information service is enabled by the advancements in general Web service technology and the focused efforts of the OGC in defining XML-based Web GIS service. Based on these models, this paper addresses the issue of services chaining,the process of combining or pipelining results from several interoperable GIS Web Services to create a customized solution. This paper presents a mediated chaining architecture in which a specific service takes responsibility for performing the process that describes a service chain. We designed the Spatial Information Process Language (SIPL) for dynamic modeling and describing the service chain, also a prototype of the Spatial Information Process Execution Engine (SIPEE) is implemented for executing processes written in SIPL. Discussion of measures to improve the functionality and performance of such system will be included.     

Tracking data management using topology of moving object database system for moving object constrained trajectory in LBS application

Advances in wireless technologies and positioning technologies and spread of wireless devices, an interest in LBS (Location Based Service) is arising. To provide location based service, tracking data should have been stored in moving object database management system (called MODBMS) with proper policies and managed efficiently. So the methods which acquire the location information at regular time intervals then, store and manage have been studied. In this paper, we suggest tracking data management techniques using topology that is corresponding to the moving path of moving object. In our techniques, we update the MODBMS when moving object arrived at a street intersection or a curved road which is represented as the node in topology and predict the location at past and future with attribute of topology and linear function. In this technique, location data that are corresponding to the node in topology are stored, thus reduce the number of update and amount of data. Also in case predicting the location,because topology are used as well as existing location information, accuracy for prediction is increased than applying linear function or spline function.