安集海地区安5井安集海河组油藏流体相态特征

准噶尔盆地安集海地区安5井为低饱和程度(30%~40%)的挥发性油藏,具有密度低,粘度低,系数高、气油比高的特征。地层原油随着压力的增大,其体积系数、气油比不断增大,而原油密度、粘度不断减小。安5井地层油藏流体的实验室体积系数和利用现场生产数据计算得到的现场体积系数存在很大的差别,在实验室条件下的地层油体积系数比现场生产(3 mm)条件下的地层油体积系数增大了约34%,其原因在于原油组成中存在高比例的中间烃类组分。     

CO2原油体系中的PR状态方程改进方法

针对现有工程应用中的状态方程描述油藏条件下CO₂-原油非理想体系时不能同时兼顾精度和计算简便性要求的问题,开展了对PR立方型状态方程修正研究。基于热力学和流体相平衡原理,考虑温度、压力和非烃组分相互作用等影响因素,采用将无因次系数由常数项改进为与对比温度相关联函数项的方法,对PR状态方程进行修正,改善液体密度及重组分特征的预测效果。以油田现场油样实测组分数据为基础,在油藏温压条件下,对PR状态方程修正前后计算油气组分等参数的精度进行了对比。结果表明,新的状态方程在不失计算简便的前提下,计算精度显著提高,相对误差下降到5%以下,满足工程应用要求,在预测油藏条件下流体相态方面具有更好的实用价值,为CO₂驱数值模拟提供支持。     

裂谷盆地复杂地温场精细表征方法

东非裂谷盆地地温场复杂，特别是E油田内部地温梯度存在很大差异，影响了油藏流体性质和开发策略。深入分析油田测试资料后认为，地温梯度在平面上呈分区性，垂向上呈分段性，常规研究方法难于刻画此特征，基于此，探索了一种能精细表征油田内部地温场差异的方法——分区分段回归法。利用该方法对E油田复杂地温场进行了精细表征。结果显示，浅层地温梯度平均为6.10℃/（100 m），平面上由南往北呈减小趋势；深部地温梯度平均为1.53℃/（100 m），平面上由南往北呈增大趋势。沉积是平面地温梯度产生差异的主要因素。     

井下钻井液密度简易计算方法

 针对目前井下钻井液密度的计算问题, 在综合已有的复合模型、经验模型计算法的基础上, 结合现场钻井液运用情况, 提出一种适用于高温高压下钻井液密度的简易计算方法。分别研究液相水、液相油密度随井下温度、压力的变化规律, 并考虑实际钻井液液相水、液相油的组分, 根据体积比系数计算井下钻井液的密度值。选取具有一定代表性的水基、油基钻井液进行实例验证, 结果表明该简易计算方法的计算精度能够满足工程要求, 且具有计算简便、可操作性强等优点。     

基于物质平衡原理解释致密油藏体积压裂有效改造体积的新方法

致密油藏需要经过大规模体积压裂改造才能获得工业油流。本文在物质平衡原理的基础上综合考虑了体积压裂施工过程中大量压裂液注入导致油藏压力升高,压后流体产出导致油藏压力降低以及裂缝与基质孔隙体积随压力非线性变化等致密油藏实际情况,进行合理假设,建立了模型方程,并推导计算了体积压裂有效改造体积和裂缝与基质的有效接触面积等参数。该方法解释出的三个新参数：能够提供有效渗流的裂缝总体积、油藏有效渗流体积、裂缝有效渗流面积,其物理意义更明确,对致密储层的开发设计及增产改造指导意义更强。将该方法应用到油田现场,并评价了3口已实施体积压裂油井的应用效果。现场应用表明该方法具有评价解释快捷、获取数据方便、成本低、准确度高的优点,适合于油田现场多井次大规模推广应用。     

顺北高温超高压缝洞型油藏原油相态性质测定及分析

顺北缝洞型油藏具有超深、高温、超高压特征，相同断裂带内和不同断裂上油藏在原油类型、性质方面表现出了差异，进行相态规律分析和特征掌握非常重要。文章中以1、5号断裂带上油藏为研究对象，对1、5号带井下样品进行相态实验测试，分析相态实验测试结果得到其相态变化规律。发现：随着储层深度减小，原油中重质组分（C7+）含量由5号带上最高的29.88 %降低至1号带上最低的18.72 %，但从两个断裂带内油藏采出的脱气油密度基本一致；油藏原油饱和压力及气油比，随着生产井段不断变深呈现线性减小趋势，而粘度呈现上升趋势；从顺北5号带往1号带方向，原油逐渐变轻，流体类型从弱挥发性油变为易挥发性原油，原油临界点向左移，相图宽度变窄、高度变高。从相态分析角度明确两个断裂带上油藏原油具有相同油源的特征。     

异常温压复合地层注热流体井井筒传热计算

考虑到储层温度、压力对于注热开采井井筒热损失的重要性,利用热量传递基本理论和能量守恒原理,建立了含有异常温压储层的注热流体井井筒热损失计算模型。分析了地温梯度和地层压力系数对岩石热物性参数的影响,计算了不同流体注入速率和不同隔热层参数下的井筒热损失程度,并讨论了地层温度压力对井筒流体稳定时间和稳定温度的影响。结果表明,对于单一的砂质沉积,地层压力系数越高,岩石的导热系数越大,热扩散系数越小;温度异常对井筒热损失影响较为明显,存在高温、低压地层的井筒热损失小,井筒流体到达稳定状态时温度较高。该模型可用于现场同类油藏的井筒沿程温度预测。     

基于状态方程的溶解气回注油藏物质平衡计算方法

传统物质平衡方法计算溶解气回注的过程中,油气体积系数和溶解气油比等物性参数难以准确测定,当分离器温度、压力等计算条件变化时又需重新进行高压物性实验,过程繁琐且成本较高。针对以上问题,从物质平衡原理出发,分别在油藏压力高于和低于饱和压力条件下推导出物质的量形式的溶解气回注物质平衡方程,同时给出油藏采出程度和含油饱和度表达式;结合PR状态方程和闪蒸计算方法编制了相应的程序,预测了实际油藏地层压力和平均流体饱和度等开发动态特征,并运用组分模型对计算结果进行验证。结果表明：该物质平衡方法能够准确预测溶解气回注开发特征;对于异常高压油藏,原油主要的可采储量来自弹性气驱开发阶段,应保持地层压力高于原油泡点压力。     

提高地层原油体积系数计算精度的方法

原油体积系数是新增区块储量计算必需的参数。鉴于在油田勘探开发中后期通过高压物性分析来获取体积系数通常难以实施,作者以胜利油区历年来高压物性分析的大量数据为依据,在全面分析各种影响因素的基础上,提出了一种新的基于油藏成藏规律认识的体积系数求取新方法。该方法一方面通过多元回归考虑油藏埋深、地面油密度、温度、压力等与体积系数求取相关且通过常规试油或测试就能获得的参数对体积系数的影响,另一方面通过残差类别进行修正以考虑地下影响因素(通过常规试油或测试不能获取),如气油比、饱和压力等对体积系数的影响,从而提高了体积系数求取的精度。     

泡沫油注气吞吐参数影响规律实验分析

冷采后期稠油油藏泡沫油现象逐渐消失,开发效果变差。从注气形成二次泡沫油的角度出发,以非常规实验与压力衰竭实验为依据,揭示泡沫油特性,分析各类泡沫油油藏模拟模型的适用性,系统评价注气吞吐提高该类油藏采收率的可行性,研究注采工艺等参数的影响规律。研究表明,泡沫油存在拟泡点压力,且随静止时间的减小而减小,泡沫油压缩系数在10～0.012 MPa -1之间,高于常规原油。6组分泡沫油模型的拟合精度最高,对该类油藏的适用性最强。泡沫油油藏注气吞吐开发存在最佳的注气时机及焖井时间;增加注气速度、注气压力和采液速度有利于改善注气吞吐开发效果;出砂冷采及注气吞吐开发过程中应尽可能加快溶解气及注入气向分散气的转化速度。     

An Index mechanism for multi-scale view in spatial databases

There are numerous geometric objects stored in the spatial databases. An importance function in a spatial database is that users can browse the geometric objects as a map efficiently. Thus the spatial database should display the geometric objects users concern about swiftly onto the display window. This process includes two operations:retrieve data from database and then draw them onto screen. Accordingly, to improve the efficiency, we should try to reduce time of both retrieving object and displaying them. The former can be achieved with the aid of spatial index such as R-tree, the latter require to simplify the objects. Simplification means that objects are shown with sufficient but not with unnecessary detail which depend on the scale of browse. So the major problem is how to retrieve data at different detail level efficiently. This paper introduces the implementation of a multi-scale index in the spatial database SISP (Spatial Information Shared Platform) which is generalized from R-tree. The difference between the generalization and the R-tree lies on two facets: One is that every node and geometric object in the generalization is assigned with a importance value which denote the importance of them, and every vertex in the objects are assigned with a importance value,too. The importance value can be use to decide which data should be retrieve from disk in a query. The other difference is that geometric objects in the generalization are divided into one or more sub-blocks, and vertexes are total ordered by their importance value. With the help of the generalized R-tree, one can easily retrieve data at different detail levels.Some experiments are performed on real-life data to evaluate the performance of solutions that separately use normal spatial index and multi-scale spatial index. The results show that the solution using multi-scale index in SISP is satisfying.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

A computer generator for randomly layered structures

AcomputergeneratorforrandomlylayeredstructuresYUJia shun1,2,HEZhen hua2(1.TheInstituteofGeologicalandNuclearSciences,NewZealand;2.StateKeyLaboratoryofOilandGasReservoirGeologyandExploitation,ChengduUniversityofTechnology,China)Abstract:Analgorithmisintrod…     

Perspherical Approaches for Electrons in Atoms and Charged Excitons in Quantum Wells

Instead of following Fock’s expansion,we solve the Schrodinger equation for some quantum mechanical manybody systems such as electrons in atoms and charged excitons in quantum wells in a similar way in hyperspherical coordinates by expanding the wave functions into orthonormal complete basis sets of the hyperspherical hannonics(HHs)of hyperangles and generalized Laguerre polynomials(GLPs)of the hyperradius.This leads the equation to     

Advances in broadband wireless communications under high-mobility scenarios

Future mobile communication systems aim at providing very high data transmission rates, even in high-mobility scenarios such as high-speed wheel-track trains, maglev trains, highway vehicles, airplanes, guided missiles or spacecraft. A particularly important commercial application is the strong and increasing worldwide demand for high- speed broadband wireless communications （up to 574.8 km/ h test speeds or 380 km/h commercial speeds） in railways, providing data, voice and video services for applications such as onboard entertainment services to passengers, train control, train dispatch, train sensor status handling and sur- veillance. In such high-mobility scenarios, there are a number of communication challenges, including fast hand- over, location updating, high-speed channel modeling, estimation and equalization, anti-Doppler spreading tech- niques, fast power control, and dedicated network architec- ture. Because signal transmission in very high-speed scenarios will inevitably experience serious deterioration, it is imperative to develop key broadband mobile communi- cation techniques for such high-speed vehicles.     

Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences TOTAL CONTENTS

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海南岛地体及其毗邻陆缘晚中生代—新生代古地磁研究和构造演化

本文叙述了对海南岛及其毗邻大陆边缘白垩纪到第四纪地层岩石进行古地磁研究的全部工作过程。通过分析岩石中剩余磁矢量的磁偏角及磁倾角的变化,提出海南岛白垩纪以来经历的构造演化模式如下:早期伴随顺时针旋转而向南迁移,后期伴随逆时针转动并向北运移。联系该地区及邻区的地质、地球物理资料,对海南岛上述的构造地体运动提出以下认识:北部湾内早期有一拉张作用,主要是该作用使湾内地壳显著伸长减薄,形成北部湾盆地。从而导致了海南岛的早期构造运动,而海南岛后期的构造运动则主要是受南海海底扩张的影响。海南地体运动规律的阐明对于了解北部湾油气盆地的形成演化有重要的理论和实际意义。     

Scale-based spatial data model for GIS

Being the primary media of geographical information and the elementary objects manipulated, almost all of maps adopt the layer-based model to represent geographic information in the existent GIS. However, it is difficult to extend the map represented in layer-based model. Furthermore, in Web-Based GIS, It is slow to transmit the spatial data for map viewing. In this paper, for solving the questions above, we have proposed a new method for representing the spatial data. That is scale-based model. In this model we represent maps in three levels: scale-view, block, and spatial object, and organize the maps in a set of map layers, named Scale-View, which associates some given scales.Lastly, a prototype Web-Based GIS using the proposed spatial data representation is described briefly.     

Exciton Seebeck in Molecular Systems

Various applications relevant to the exciton dynamics,such as the organic solar cell,the large-area organic light-emitting diodes and the thermoelectricity,are operating under temperature gradient.The potential abnormal behavior of the exicton dynamics driven by the temperature difference may affect the efficiency and performance of the corresponding devices.In the above situations,the exciton dynamics under temperature difference is mixed with     

Achieving Unusual States of Matter Under High Pressure

The elongation method,originally proposed by Imamura was further developed for many years in our group.As a method towards O(N)with high efficiency and high accuracy for any dimensional systems.This treatment designed for one-dimensional(ID)polymers is now available for three-dimensional(3D)systems,but geometry optimization is now possible only for 1D-systems.As an approach toward post-Hartree-Fock,it was also extended to