聚硅氧烷—聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯原油破乳剂的应用研究

用乙氧基二甲基聚硅氧烷（ｅｔｈｏｘｙｄｉｍｅｔｈｙｌ－ｐｏｌｙｓｉｌｏｘａｎｅ）和聚氧乙烯聚氧丙烯醚（ｐｌｏｙｏｘｙｅｔｈｙｌｅｎｅ－ｐｏｌｙｏｘｙｐｒｏｐｌｅｎｅ）为原料,合成了系列聚硅氧烷－聚氧乙烯原油破乳剂,并针对吉林油田的原油进行了破乳实验。实验结果表明,在聚硅氧烷链一定时,原油破乳率与聚醚对乙氧基聚硅氧烷中乙氧基的取代率有关,在聚醚链中引入聚氧丙烯链有利于提高破乳率,具有适当取代比和聚醚     

高含聚合物原油破乳剂Pel—01的研制及应用

针对河南油田破乳剂主要是以复配为主，油田使用的原油破乳剂BP—169和SP169对高含聚合物的破乳效果较差的情况，采用三组分复配法研制了水溶性低温高效破乳剂Pel—01．室内对比评价表明：Pel—01在脱水率、脱水速度、油水界面等指标上均明显优于BP—169和SP169．下二门联合站6d的现场试验结果表明，使用Pel—01破乳剂破乳效果明显提高，投入使用后平均每天可减少加药量20kg，而且指标均达到外输原油的要求．     

利用声化方法对复杂乳化原油的破乳脱水研究

从理论上分析了超声波和化学方法联合破乳的可行性，并用实验方法验证了联合破乳脱水的效果。实验结果显示，化学破乳剂和超声波联合作用可以进一步提高原油的破乳脱水效率。在破乳剂最优用量的实验条件下，对乳化原油进行超声处理30min，沉降3h，脱水率可以达到90％以上。模拟现场脱水流程条件，利用该方法对常规方法不能有效破乳的聚合物驱及化学驱出液掺混稠油形成的复杂乳状液进行了破乳脱水试验。结果表明，声化联合破乳具有较高的脱水效率。     

原油破乳剂的研究

研究影响破乳剂复配破乳因素.通过正交试验和单因素试验,优化并给出了TA-1031与RI-01复配破乳的最佳工艺条件:破乳温度65 ℃,复配比例为2∶1,复配破乳剂质量浓度为80 mg*L-1,破乳时间90 min.在此工艺条件下,原油破乳脱水率达98.5%,比单剂效率提高14%～16%.     

高含聚合物原油破乳剂Pel-01的研制及应用

针对河南油田破乳剂主要是以复配为主,油田使用的原油破乳剂BP-169和SP169对高含聚合物的破乳效果较差的情况,采用三组分复配法研制了水溶性低温高效破乳剂Pel-01.室内对比评价表明:Pel-01在脱水率、脱水速度、油水界面等指标上均明显优于BP-169和SP169.下二门联合站6d的现场试验结果表明,使用Pel-01破乳剂破乳效果明显提高,投入使用后平均每天可减少加药量20kg,而且指标均达到外输原油的要求.     

陕北原油破乳剂与添加剂复配研究

为了得到陕北原油的优良复配破乳剂，用该地区有代表性的宝塔区、安塞和子长原油，在实验条件下从该地区正在使用的商品破乳剂申筛选出四种．破乳脱水睦能较好的破乳刺．GT-940、YT-100、SP-169、HQ96-1。将这四种破乳剂与OP乳化剂、洗衣粉等添加剂按不同比例进行破乳剂-添加剂复配。发现只有GT-940与OP乳化剂和洗衣粉的复配破乳剂对宝塔区原油的破乳脱水性能得到改善。对宝塔区原油GT-940与OP乳化剂复配脱水率最高配比是4：1；GT-940和洗衣粉的复配物脱水率最高配比是2：3。     

原油生物破乳剂的研究与应用

研制了一种原油生物破乳剂，并对其进行了室内与现场中试试验，考察了其对油田采出液的破乳及脱水效果。室内及现场试验结果表明，与标样及目前现场常用的化学破乳剂相比，原油生物破乳剂具有优良的破乳及脱水性能。破乳后的油水界面清晰，脱出水中含油量低。对原油生物破乳剂的破乳机理分析结果表明，破乳作用的主要因素是微生物胞体。     

几种水溶性破乳剂在原油破乳中的应用

对几种水溶性破乳剂在原油破乳中的应用进行了研究，结果表明，在水溶性破乳剂的破乳过程中，亲水环境有利于原油破乳。     

乳化原油破乳剂

综述了乳化原油破乳中使用的两类破乳剂，即油包水乳化原油破乳剂和水包油乳化原油破乳剂，重点介绍了它们的发展过程，重要的破乳剂，破乳机理和发展趋势，研究认为，一次采油和二次采油采出的乳化原油多是油包水乳化原油，其破乳剂主要是高分子非离子型表面活性剂，能过取代，聚结，增溶等机理起作用，三次膝油采出的乳化原油多是水包油乳化原油，其破乳剂主要是表面活性剂的高分子，通过反应，取代，抵消，聚结等机理起作用，这两     

超声破乳脱水处理污油

利用超声波破乳脱水的基本原理，在驻波场下研究考察了超声参数对炼油厂污油破乳脱水的影响，证明了超声波分离油水乳状液的可行性和优越性。在同等条件下(相同的破乳剂量、温度等)，沉降2h，超声处理污油脱水率可达91．7％以上，和单纯热沉降相比具有显著优势。实验中，较好的超声处理污油破乳脱水的工艺条件为声强0．66W／cm^2、频率10kHz、作用时间5min、破乳剂用量0．375mg/g、温度70℃、沉降4h，可使污油脱水率在96．3％以上。     

Markedness and its Interpretation in Language Use

Language markedness is a common phenomenon in languages, and is reflected from hearing, vision and sense, i.e. the variation in the three aspects such as phonology, morphology and semantics. This paper focuses on the interpretation of markedness in language use following the three perspectives, i.e. pragmatic interpretation, psychological interpretation and cognitive interpretation, with an aim to define the function of markedness.     

Lower Paleozoic oil relationships within Williston Basin, Canada

The Williston Basin is a significant petroleum province, containing oil production zones that include the Middle Cambrian to Lower Ordovician, Upper Ordovician, Middle Devonian, Upper Devonian and Mississippian and within the Jurassic and Cretaceous. The oils of the Williston Basin exhibit a wide range of geochemical characteristics defined as "oil families", although the geochemical signature of the Cambrian Deadwood Formation and Lower Ordovician Winnipeg reservoired oils does not match any "oil family". Despite their close stratigraphic proximity, it is evident that the oils of the Lower Palaeozoic within the Williston Basin are distinct. This suggests the presence of a new "oil family" within the Williston Basin. Diagnostic geochemical signatures occur in the gasoline range chromatograms, within saturate fraction gas chromatograms and biomarker fingerprints. However, some of the established criteria and cross-plots that are currently used to segregate oils into distinct genetic families within the basin do not always meet with success, particularly when applied to the Lower Palaeozoic oils of the Deadwood and Winnipeg Formation.     

An Analysis of Catherine＇s Character——Wuthering Heights

Wuthering Heights, Emily Bronte＇s only novel, was published in December of 1847 under the pseudonym Ellis Bell. The book did not gain immediate success, but it is now thought one of the finest novels in the English language. Catherine is the key character of this masterpiece, because everybody and everything center on her though she had a short life. We can understand this masterpiece better if we know Catherine well.     

Characterization of Ordovician carbonate reservoirs, southeastern Saskatchewan, Canada

The discovery of the prolific Ordovician Red River reservoirs in 1995 in southeastern Saskatchewan was the catalyst for extensive exploration activity which resulted in the discovery of more than 15 new Red River pools. The best yields of Red River production to date have been from dolomite reservoirs. Understanding the processes of dolomitization is, therefore, crucial for the prediction of the connectivity, spatial distribution and heterogeneity of dolomite reservoirs.The Red River reservoirs in the Midale area consist of 3～4 thin dolomitized zones, with a total thickness of about 20 m, which occur at the top of the Yeoman Formation. Two types of replacement dolomite were recognized in the Red River reservoir: dolomitized burrow infills and dolomitized host matrix. The spatial distribution of dolomite suggests that burrowing organisms played an important role in facilitating the fluid flow in the backfilled sediments. This resulted in penecontemporaneous dolomitization of burrow infills by normal seawater. The dolomite in the host matrix is interpreted as having occurred at shallow burial by evaporitic seawater during precipitation of Lake Almar anhydrite that immediately overlies the Yeoman Formation. However, the low δ18O values of dolomited burrow infills (-5.9‰～ -7.8‰, PDB) and matrix dolomites (-6.6‰～ -8.1‰, avg. -7.4‰ PDB) compared to the estimated values for the late Ordovician marine dolomite could be attributed to modification and alteration of dolomite at higher temperatures during deeper burial, which could also be responsible for its 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.7084～0.7088) that are higher than suggested for the late Ordovician seawaters (0.7078～0.7080). The trace amounts of saddle dolomite cement in the Red River carbonates are probably related to "cannibalization" of earlier replacement dolomite during the chemical compaction.     

Design and analysis of generic LBS application developing platform

Location based services is promising due to its novel working style and contents.A software platform is proposed to provide application programs of typical location based services and support new applications developing efficiently. The analysis shows that this scheme is easy implemented, low cost and adapt to all kinds of mobile nework system.     

橡胶颗粒沥青混合料低温抗裂性试验研究

以AC-13级配为基础,将橡胶颗粒代替部分集料掺入混合料中,以低温弯曲试验为评价方法对不同橡胶颗粒掺量下沥青混合料的低温抗裂性进行研究,并引入应变能密度值对混合料的低温抗裂性进行综合评价.试验结果表明:橡胶颗粒沥青混合料试件的破坏微应变均超过2 300,满足冬寒区的技术指标;无论是否掺加橡胶颗粒,随着温度的下降,沥青混合料破坏时的最大弯拉强度增大,弯拉应变降低,劲度模量增大;弯曲应变能密度在胶粒掺量为1%左右时具有较大的弯曲应变能密度值,此时橡胶颗粒沥青混合料具有较好的低温抗裂性.     

低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度研究

理论推导与室内实验相结合,建立了低渗透非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度确定方法。首先借助油藏流场与电场相似的原理,推导了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度计算公式。其次基于稳定流实验方法,建立了非均质砂岩油藏启动压力梯度测试方法。结果表明:低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的启动压力梯度确定遵循两个等效原则。平面非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各级渗透率段的启动压力梯度关于长度的加权平均;纵向非均质油藏的启动压力梯度等于各渗透率层的启动压力梯度关于渗透率与渗流面积乘积的加权平均。研究成果可用于有效指导低渗透非均质砂岩油藏的合理井距确定,促进该类油藏的高效开发。     

Quantitative trait loci （QTLs） for quality traits related to protein and starch in wheat

Quality traits in wheat （Triticum aestirum L.） were studied by quantitative trait locus （QTL） analysis in a recombinant inbred line （RIL） population, a set of 131 lines derived from Chuan 35050 × Shannong 483 cross （ChSh）. Grains from RILs were assayed for 21 quality traits related to protein and starch. A total of 35 putative QTLs for 19 traits with a single QTL explaining 7.99-40.52% of phenotypic variations were detected on 10 chromosomes, 1D, 2A, 2D, 3B, 3D, 5A, 6A, 6B, 6D, and 7B. The additive effects of 30 QTLs were positive, contributed by Chuan 35050, the remaining 5 QTLs were negative with the additive effect contributed by Shannong 483. For protein traits, 15 QTLs were obtained and most of them were located on chromosomes 1 D, 3B and 6D, while 20 QTLs for starch traits were detected and most of them were located on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B. Only 7 QTLs for protein and starch traits were co-located in three regions on chromosomes 1D, 2A and 2D. These protein and starch trait QTLs showed a distinct distribution pattern in certain regions and chromosomes. Twenty-two QTLs were clustered in 6 regions of 5 chromosomes. Two QTL clusters for protein traits were located on chromosomes 1D and 3B, respectively, three clusters for starch traits on chromosomes 3D, 6B and 7B, and one cluster including protein and starch traits on chromosome 1D.     

On Tragic Consciousness In The Works By Ernest Hemingway

As an American modern novelist who were famous in the literary world, Hemingway was not a person who always followed the trend but a sharp observer. At the same time, he was a tragedy maestro, he paid great attention on existence, fate and end-result. The dramatis personae's tragedy of his works was an extreme limit by all means tragedy on the meaning of fearless challenge that failed. The beauty of tragedy was not produced on the destruction of life, but now this kind of value was in the impact activity. They performed for the reader about the tragedy on challenging for the limit and the death.     

The Analects and the Moment in Peking——The influence of a Confucian education system on the personality formation,the way of thinking and the fate of the main characters

0.Preface China has long been boasting of its colorful and immense culture which comprises of Taoism,Confucianism and Buddhism.The interwoven influence among the religions on Chinese way of thinking,on the nation＇s behavior in their social life throughout the long history is beyond list.