新疆兵团农九师儿童龋病状况的调查

通过对新疆兵团农九师中学儿童龋病调查，在于了解当地儿童龋病状况，针对性的开展龋病防治工作，制定有效的防治措施。结果显示：检查1822名儿童患龋齿总数2443颗，乳牙龋1522颗，恒牙龋921颗，患龋率为52．85％，10岁儿童患龋率最高，女性患龋率（57．09％）高于男性患龋率（48．88％），龋均1．34。农九师中学儿童乳、恒牙患龋率均较高，因加强相关的口腔健康教育和龋病治疗工作。     

牙科畏惧症发病因素的初步探讨

1988年对920名大学生进行了牙科畏惧症发病因素的流行病学研究,同时采用Corah’s 问卷(CDAS)测量了525人的牙科畏惧水平,结果显示我国大学生的牙科畏惧水平高于国外同类报导。女性的 DAS 均值比男性高,差别有显著性(P<0.001)。随着近20年来我国龋齿发病率的上升,儿童时期的创伤性牙科经历相应增加。因此,这种直接的创伤性经历,牙科环境的影响,来自于家庭或同龄人对牙科的间接经验,以及居民对口腔保健的认识等,是牙科畏惧症的多种发病因素。     

120名老年人牙体病调查分析

对120名老年人牙体病进行调查.受检者中,有105名患者有牙龋坏,龋坏率为87.7%.平均龋坏数为每人3.5个.有81名患者牙齿有缺失,缺失牙数为383个.龋病、缺失牙仍是老年人的主要口腔疾患,其患病率随年龄递增,治疗率明显下降.     

2008年武汉市6所幼儿园幼儿口腔卫生调查

目的:了解武汉市幼儿园3～6岁幼儿口腔卫生状况,提出改善建议.方法通过整群抽样法从武汉市市直机关幼儿园、示范园共15所幼儿园中选取6所幼儿园,并对其3～6岁的1296名幼儿进行口腔卫生调查,由专业口腔医师检查并记录.对于幼儿家长进行自填式问卷调查,问卷内容包括饮食习惯、口腔卫生习惯等.结果:3～6岁幼儿患龋率为35.65%,6岁年龄段幼儿患龋率最高,为42.86%,前牙患龋率高于后牙患龋率;不良饮食习惯和口腔卫生习惯对龋病的发生发展有一定影响.结论:幼儿口腔卫生状况的改善有待家长及幼师的配合和努力.     

Silk Fibroin/Poly-L-lactide Lactone Bi-layered Membranes for Guided Bone Regeneration

After removal of the caries or diseased teeth,the alveolar ridge will undergo absorption and atrophy.When the amount of alveolar bone is insufficient,it will cause an inability to perform effective dental implant restoration.In order to control the absorption and promote the repair and regeneration of alveolar ridge,a method of implanting guided bone regeneration(GBR) membranes at the extraction site is often used.In this study,silk fibroin(SF)and poly-L-lactide lactone(PLCL) were used to prepare bilayered guided bone regeneration membranes,and its morphology,hydrophilicity,surface roughness and mechanical properties were studied.At the same time,the drug release behaviors and cell compatibility of the bilayered membranes were studied.The results showed that SF/PLCL bi-layered membranes had good mechanical properties and surface hydrophilicity,and the drug-loaded bi-layered membranes had good cell compatibility.The bilayered membranes fabricated in this study are of potential for applying in the oral health field to promote bone regeneration.     

ART技术在儿童恒牙防龋中的临床应用

目的评价ART技术(非创伤性充填)在儿童恒牙防龋中的临床效果极其可行性,探索适合我市儿童和农村开展防治龋病的方法。方法采用日本松风FX—Ⅱ型玻璃离子材料完成128颗磨牙的窝沟充填和窝沟封闭,观察ART充填体封闭窝沟的保存情况。结果对128颗恒磨牙进行ART充填封闭窝沟,1年半后复查,成功率达84.4%。结论由于玻璃离子与牙釉质发生化学粘合,并向牙釉质释放氟,在很多可能发生龋坏的深窝沟点隙内保留,从而阻止龋病的发展。ART技术设备简单,操作方便,患儿易于接受,适合我市儿童和农村大规模推广应用。     

Materials chemistry: a synthetic enamel for rapid tooth repair

The conventional treatment of dental caries involves mechanical removal of the affected part and filling of the hole with a resin or metal alloy. But this method is not ideal for tiny early lesions because a disproportionate amount of healthy tooth must be removed to make the alloy or resin stick. Here we describe a dental paste of synthetic enamel that rapidly and seamlessly repairs early caries lesions by nanocrystalline growth, with minimal wastage of the natural enamel.     

郑州地区饮用水含氟量分布规律

对郑州市区及近郊200个采样点[地面水4个(郑州市自来水公司出厂水)，地下水196个(分散在郑州市及近郊)]水质进行连年监测，测定了郑州地区饮用水的含氟量，结果表明以地下水为原水的饮用水含氟量较低，以地面水(黄河水)为原水的饮用水含氟量适中．通过对本地区饮用水含氟量进行普查，建议对于长期饮用地下水(低氟水)的人们注意预防龋齿病的发生。     

牛牙的自然酸蚀与电化学人工龋的比较

进行了牛牙的自然酸蚀和电化学人工龋的初步研究，结果表明，酸的作用只能使牙釉质脱矿，只有在酸和电的双重作用下，才能形成牙釉质的类龋洞，在人工电化学腐蚀中，不同浓度的羧甲基纤维素（CMC）致龋凝胶对Ca溶出量影响较大，以0．5％CMC致龋凝胶龋损深度最大，牙的Ca溶出量为自然酸蚀的3－4倍，在人工电化学腐蚀中，阳极PH值呈下降趋势，阴极pH值呈上升趋势，氟化物能减少阳，阴极间pH差值，氟化物在自然酸蚀和人工电化学腐蚀中均能显著抑制牙Ca的溶出，在开窗区几乎看不到脱矿现象。     

Novel Ag nanocrystals based dental resin composites with enhanced mechanical and antibac terial propert ies

The aim of this work was to investigate the effect of trace addition of oleic acid coated Ag nanocrystals(Ag NCs) on mechanical and antibacterial properties of dental resin composites.Composites(70 wt%of silica loading) with 25 ppm,50 ppm,75 ppm and 100 ppm(wt) Ag NCs were prepared and the composite without Ag NCs served as a control.The experimental results showed that the addition of Ag NCs significantly improved the strength and modulus of the resin composite without compromising the shade.For the composite with 50 ppm Ag NCs,fiexural strength(140.3 MPa),modulus(13.2 GPa)and compressive strength(347.2 MPa) were increased by 4.1%,22.2%,13.3%,respectively,compared with the control.The antibacterial test demonstrated that trace Ag NCs provided the resin composites with an antibacterial effect.Such strong and antibacterial dental resin composites might be advantageous to prevent secondary caries and be potential for future clinical applications.     

Fire-induced erosion and millennial-scale climate change in northern ponderosa pine forests

Western US ponderosa pine forests have recently suffered extensive stand-replacing fires followed by hillslope erosion and sedimentation. These fires are usually attributed to increased stand density as a result of fire suppression, grazing and other land use, and are often considered uncharacteristic or unprecedented. Tree-ring records from the past 500 years indicate that before Euro-American settlement, frequent, low-severity fires maintained open stands. However, the pre-settlement period between about ad 1500 and ad 1900 was also generally colder than present, raising the possibility that rapid twentieth-century warming promoted recent catastrophic fires. Here we date fire-related sediment deposits in alluvial fans in central Idaho to reconstruct Holocene fire history in xeric ponderosa pine forests and examine links to climate. We find that colder periods experienced frequent low-severity fires, probably fuelled by increased understory growth. Warmer periods experienced severe droughts, stand-replacing fires and large debris-flow events that comprise a large component of long-term erosion and coincide with similar events in sub-alpine forests of Yellowstone National Park. Our results suggest that given the powerful influence of climate, restoration of processes typical of pre-settlement times may be difficult in a warmer future that promotes severe fires.     

The discovery and environmental significance of Chifeng wind route and huge pots of Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province

The pots discovered in Inner Mongolia and Hebei Province are huge with a maximum diameter of 9 m and a depth of 3.5 m, singular in shape,caused by weathering and wind erosion and have certain direction. They are a kind of typical climatic geomorphology. This district experienced the severe periglacial environment during 15-8 kaBP with intense weathering from frost and wind erosion. The famous Hongshan culture emerged about 6 kaBP, which belonged to the warmest period. The pots probably had some water during that period. Therefore they are a good medium to study the environmental changes.     

吕梁山土壤侵蚀成因规律及发展趋势研究

严重的土壤侵蚀是导致吕梁山区经济落后的根本原因，土壤侵蚀的形成是自然、人为因素综合作用的结果，其空间分布具有一定的规律性，时间的序列性，侵蚀方式的迭加性；研究现状、分析成因规律是为了更好地预测未来，吕梁山未来侵蚀发展趋势如何，关健在予软资源(意识行为、政策方针、管理等)配置是否合理．     

青海省大学生口腔健康状况调查研究

目的:了解大学生对口腔保健知识的知晓率,掌握他们的口腔卫生状况,指导大学生做好口腔预防保健.方法:本次调查采用第三次全国口腔健康流行病学调查标准和方法对926名大学生进行口腔卫生情况统计分析.结果:大学生口腔保健知识知晓率39.75%,城区学生高于牧区学生,对比差异显著有统计学意义(P0.01).龋病患病率44.38%,牙周病检出率20.41%,牙结石检出率75.05%,氟斑牙检出率17.28%,牙齿排列异常检出率9.72%.患龋情况,女生比男生严重(P0.01)、城区学生比牧区学生重(P0.01).牙周病和牙结石情况,男生比女生严重(P0.01)、牧区学生比城区学生严重(P0.01).结论:大学生口腔保健知识匮乏、口腔健康状况欠佳,应在大学院校开展口腔保健宣传教育,重点防治龋病、牙周病及牙结石.     

口腔细菌表面糖苷酶的生物学功能研究

口腔细菌是引起龋齿的关键因素。口腔细菌和黏附在牙齿表面的唾液大分子相互作用,在牙齿表面形成早期牙菌斑生物膜,随后更多的细菌加入到生物膜中生长并最终导致龋齿和牙周炎等疾病。唾液为细菌的黏附提供配体,为细菌的生长提供碳源和氮源,但是细菌如何利用以及利用哪些唾液大分子进行生长还不清楚。许多口腔细菌细胞表面和细胞内有不同的糖苷酶水解糖链。本综述总结了笔者对口腔细菌的研究,揭示不同细菌利用人的唾液生长的能力不同,有的生长良好,有的甚至不能单独在唾液中生长;而口腔共生菌Streptococcus gordonii DL1在唾液中生长良好是依赖于细菌表面的3个糖苷酶,它们捕食唾液中富含脯氨酸的糖蛋白的N-糖链,是该细菌在唾液中生长关键的第一步;而且不同的糖苷酶对底物有严格的特异性,糖链只能被依次水解。不同细菌表面有不同的糖苷酶,能够合作水解糖链从而在唾液中相互喂养并在牙齿表面共生,是笔者下一步的研究方向。     

齿科合金熔炼用钛酸铝坩埚的研制

根据齿科坩埚的工作条件，进行了热震过程分析。试制的钛酸铝坩埚应用于齿科合金熔炼，其抗热震性和抗侵蚀性优于国外进口产品。使用结果表明：钛酸铝是齿科坩埚的最适宜材质。     

五味子红色素的性质与应用

：研究了从华中五味子果实中提取的色素的理化性质。该色素在酸性条件下显红色。对短期高温耐受性好。常见金属离子Ｃｕ２＋、Ｃａ２＋、Ｍｇ２＋、Ａｌ３＋对此色素无影响。软饮料经五味子红色素着色后色泽柔和自然，并且有一定增味作用     

基于智能技术的温度测量系统的设计

钢水温度是炼钢过程的重要控制指标。目前由于钢水温度过高和钢液、钢渣对测温枪的腐蚀,现有的测量温度的方法无法得到钢水温度的连续变化的信息。针对这种情况,介绍了基于智能技术的钢水温度的软测量方法。应用人工神经元网络BP算法对钢水温度进行初步预报,再根据专家系统知识对一些特殊的情况进行修正,从而获得良好的效果。运行结果表明:采用该测量方法,钢水温度预报的适应性和准确性都得到了显著提高,并且该方法在安全性、操作控制及经济效益等方面具有很大的优越性,具有广阔的发展前景。     

光催化剂在牙科研究中的应用进展（英文）

光催化剂有两个主要作用：有机化合物的降解和超亲水性，这些作用使其具有抗菌和自清洁的效果。目前，光催化剂已经被应用于医学临床实践。两种主要的口腔疾病（龋齿和牙周病）影响着全球几十亿人，而治疗口腔疾病则可以直接接触到口腔内的病灶。牙科领域会使用到各种先进的牙科材料。因此，光催化剂可以成为牙科临床实践的有用工具。本文综述了光催化剂在牙科研究中的应用研究，并展望了光催化剂在牙科研究中的未来前景。     

海岸侵蚀、防护与修复研究综述

海岸带是固、液、气三相交互的特殊地带,也是经济发达、人口稠密和矛盾突出的地带。人与海岸线的矛盾日益突出,加剧了海岸侵蚀的破坏程度,与此带来的一系列问题引起了诸多学者的探索和研究。本文旨在结合国内外最新的研究成果介绍砂质海岸、软岩质海岸和淤泥质海岸的侵蚀机制,并剖析侵蚀的原因及危害,给出对应的防护与修复方法,重点阐述生态防护与修复方法,从研究方法与手段等方面给出相应的思考,对今后的侵蚀研究和修复工作进行展望。